I have lived in the city for years, but hong kong still makes me fall in love with it time and again. And now, bbc world news america. Katty this is bbc world news america, reporting from washington. Im katty kay. Eu leaders have hit a hurdle have failed to come up with a migrantsolve the crisis. In 10 with donald trump. They are preparing to vote in michigan, where we examine the republican front runners support. And flags are lowered at half mast in memory of the former first lady, nancy reagan. Tonight we look back on her life and her partnership in the white house. Welcome to our viewers on Public Television in america and around the globe. European leaders met in brussels again today to try to deal with the massive migrant crisis, and again they failed, at least so far, to come up with a plan. Still neednd they more time to consider controversy of new proposals from the turkish prime minister. He has over to help reduce the number of migrants sailing from turkey to greece, but in return he wants stiff concessions. Meanwhile, the Journey Continues for many, often in unseaworthy vessels. This year alone, almost 130,000 migrants have a rise in greece. We have this report on their perilous journey. Its not easy being told you are not welcome. Thats the reality for those trapped here inside syria, knowing their escape has just gotten harder and more dangerous. Its not much of a haven on the other side. Armed police have stepped up checks in turkey, but still, refugees and migrants gather in port cities to plan their route to greece. The challenge is how to persuade many of them to stay in turkey. This is where we met to friends, both syrian. One planning to cross, the other staying behind. Fatima is leaving because she struggles to meet make ends meet in turkey. She says europe is the best option. Yet you decided to going to go back to istanbul. Why . I got cold feet. I wasnt comfortable with the idea and i stayed to see anyway. Im very happy in turkey. The only reason i thought about leaving is because im not allowed to work. So friends, families, and neighbors are driven apart in the desperate search for sanctuary and a better life. But that promise carries a deadly risk. This is the route fatima must take across a small stretch of water from turkey to greece. And there in the middle of the aegean, the reminder of the danger she faces. More than 300 have drowned in these waters just this year. Imagine the desperation that leads them here. This is a crisis driven by war and want. And for many, the fear of staying behind outweighs the fear of the journey they must take. Rescue ships pluck families from the sea almost every day now. Some may be allowed to stay, but others, like these afghans, could be sent back. Many thought this crisis would ease this year. It hasnt. Why have you come . Because in afghanistan, all the people are in danger. The lives of the people are in danger and they are coming because of that. Weve just come up to a rubbish dump on this island. You can see the have been placing hundreds of thousands of lifejackets here. I just found this on the floor. No idea who she is. It looks like the passport possibly of one of the refugees who try to make it across. If we walk around here little further, you get some sense of the scale of what is taking place here. There are sites like this dotted around the island of lesbos and really across greece. The challenge for europe and turkish leaders, how to deter people from risking their lives to come here in search of a better future. Aid agencies offer the first glimpse of humanity many have known in a long time. Greece has taken much of the strain, helping to house and feed the thousands of people ending here every week. Mohammed and his family arrived two days ago. They are from a city on the front line between Syrian Forces and the Islamic State group. We have left everything. Is there anything that would stop people coming across the borders . Its very, very hard to cross the borders. Even the turkish will kill us, but we have no way, we have to cross the border. Even though turkey is trying to stop you . Nobody can stay there. Its almost two years since this mass exodus began. Thousands have died, many without the dignity of even being identified. Politicians meet, borders close, but countless more are ready to risk it all to come this way. Bbc news, lesbos. Katty a terrifying journey, and 130,000 people have made that journey this year. Beyond the human toll, theres an economic toll as well. Earlier today i sat down with Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Money fund. We review the impact of the migrant crisis and the upcoming vote on whether britain will leave the eu. Today european leaders are meeting in brussels to try to come up with a common policy on the migrant crisis. How important is it for the european economy that they can come up with a policy to deal with this . We think it is critically important for europe to address the refugee crisis from a collective point of view, for various reasons. The first is almost symbolic, because it would demonstrate to all other players that europe is coming together with a solution. Second, we have done some research on the impact of refugees on gdp, on creation of value. If there is good integration of refugees, then their contribution can mean an additional. 2 growth. In some countries, an additional. 5 growth. That means a lot in an area of where the forecast is anywhere between 1. 5 and 1. 7. Meanwhile, there is the prospect of britain leaving or staying in the european union. The referendum in june. How critical do you think it is that the exit gets sorted out soon both for britain and europes economic stability . We believe it is critical that the situation be resolved as quickly as possible, to eliminate the uncertainty, which is always negative for economic circumstances and decisionmaking processes. My intuition tells me that that outcome would be better for both the u. K. And europe if it was a positive one. In other words, if the u. K. Was to stay. Thats a personal preference, i would very much prefer to see the u. K. Stay in the european union, but i also believe that our economic findings will strongly support that view that it would hurt both the u. K. And the eu if the u. K. Was to go. Katty we will have more of my interview later in the program. Including why she is pushing for more women in the workforce in europe. An estimated quarter Million People have been killed and driven from their homes. Ofhas led to the persecution minorities. This week one young woman will address it is lawmakers about her ordeal. Ourshe has been speaking to reporter. Marooned on a mountain, hasrs of the minority who fled the murderous advances of the i. S. This is the story of one girl, 15 at the time, who was not able to escape. We are not identifying her because she has family members still held captive. They came with their fighters eachhey beat us and they chose one of us. I was there with my sister and cousin. I was selected by a 25yearold iraqi man. What was he like, this man . He was like a monster with no humanity. He raped me there and then again at his familys house where i was the. After a month and a half, he went to fight in syria and was killed there. Escapehe then managed to , but she would soon be captured and given to another man, that the brother of an i. S. Commander. X i refused to go. He had already raped me but he told me he bought me from the family of the dead fighter for 800 and i had no choice. I was screaming and crying. A few months later, she realized she was pregnant. I tried so many times to get rid of the child inside me, by taking pills and carrying heavy weights and other things. Sadly, it didnt work. I felt i had the i. S. In my belly and the baby would turn out like them, a criminal and a monster. Seven months ago, her son was born in a mosul hospital. The i. S. Men said he wanted to marry me because ive given him his only son, but i refused. I loved the baby, but i wanted family before my he got used to me and i got used to him. But i still inc. Of him. He is still part of me, no matter what. A relative of the man who bought her help her escape when her son was three months old, on condition she left the baby behind. She now wants to go back to school, and one day she hopes to marry and have a family. First she wants her two sisters back. The traumas of 115 euro girl and what is still happening to young girl still held by the socalled Islamic State. Now the dramatic and unpredictable u. S. President ial election. If polls are correct, the republican side donald trump has a sizable lead. Dilma rousseff what is driving his supporters . I reporter went to find out. Detroit michigan, once the driving force of american manufacturing. The financial crisis hit here harder than most, taking with it jobs and prosperity. Were hoping we will get someone who can bring some more jobs back to detroit, back to the motor city. Its been a long hard fight reporter a factory worker who was laid off, he ends much of his time composing songs on his guitar. Most of his fellow Union Members support hillary clinton, but he backs donald trump, even though he doesnt agree with all of his controversial policies. Ive never been a person that has been politically correct. You cannot be a world leader and not be politically correct. Yes, because you you are not electing a machine. You are electing a human. They are going to say things that you dont agree with. When he said these things that seem downright racist, i think he has a lot of growing to do, as we all do. Reporter local organizers say donald trump has broad ranging appeal here, where he is way ahead in the polls. Just everyday joes are coming together who possibly didnt think there were issues before. People told me they have always voted democrat, but now they have lost hope with the Democratic Party and they feel that donald trump is a businessman who can make a difference. Reporter here in detroit, in michigan, and across america, manufacturing has declined. People have lost their jobs and homes and feel abandoned by the political class. The Republican Party establishment might be hoping that anyone but donald trump can succeed, but many voters say they want anyone but a politician. On the other side of town and the other side of the political divide, that sentiment is felt, too. I see the appeal of bernie sanders. We need something from outside the current system. I live in the city of detroit which has seen its share of troubles that is still hardworking, real people. We are looking for a hardworking and real person to lead our nation. Reporter patrons in this bar dont see donald trump is that person, but others across the state do. Hes promised to be the voice of the underdog. Many say there are fed up with politicians who dont listen. Bbc news, detroit. Katty one more piece of political news, the former mayor of new york city, michael bloomberg, has Just Announced that he will not be joining the president ial race as an independent candidate. He has been on the fence for a while. That henk it knowledge just cannot win. More than that, by running he could tilt the election to our republican like donald trump or ted cruz, whose views on immigration he is very much against. Hes written a very thoughtful piece about why hes not running. He said it would just go against his conscience to find out inadvertently he tipped the race toward donald trump or ted cruz. Its very hard for a thirdparty candidate to make kind of headway, just the way the Electoral College is laid out. States, hewon some could throw the election to the house of representatives which is controlled by republicans and that would mean republican president. Katty still to come on the program, my conversation with Christine Lagarde continues on womens roles in the workplace. Its hard to imagine a time when we did not have email. Paid toribute has been creditednson, the man with inventing the email system. He has dried up the ages he has died at the age of 74. Today more than 200 billion emails are sent or received every single day. Here is our technology correspondent. Reporter he is a man who has almost certainly changed your life, or perhaps made it more complicated. In 1971, Ray Tomlinson came up with the idea of sending messages before computers and using the symbol in the address. I do feel proud of this accomplishment. In some ways it was such a simple thing to do at the time, but it has had ramifications to many peoples lives. What i did not anticipate is how fast it would grow. Every day, 205 billion emails are sent and received. 2015 there were 2. 6 billion email users around the world. Despite all the alternative ways of communicating, it continued by 2015. O 2. 9 billion for many it has become somewhat of a burden. For many younger people, this is old hat. They prefer to communicate by things like instagram and snapchat. But good oldfashioned email still has its uses. I think it is absolutely essential for business communication. When they get into a job, they will need email. Ray tomlinson, fulltime Computer Programmer who changed the way the world communicates. And according to a friend, he was not even addicted to email. Katty tuesday march International Womens day and the imf has released a report urging europe to close gender gaps and tapped into the full potential of women in the work force. In the second part of my interview with Christine Lagarde, she addressed what it would take to actually make that happen. Given the pressures on europe at the moment, one of the bright spots you point to is employing more women in the european union. Do you really think women could be part of the solution . I think women could be part of the solution in many corners of the world, but particularly in europe. The latest findings develop the conclusion that more women in the workforce at the board level, at executive levels, is actually a boost to companies, whether they are small, medium, or large. There is a very strong correlation as well between the number of women at the top levels and the population of women in the workforce at a more general level. Katty so more women employed in more senior positions could mean more profits for European Companies . Yes, it does. Katty why dont Market Forces just ensure that there are more women in these positions . I believe they will demonstrated over the course of time and i hope that our analysis of the contribution of women to the financial profitability of companies will be a Building Block in that demonstration. Katty the economic taste has been clear for some time, including reports that have been out for over a decade now in companies where women make more money. Why have we stalled . That number is short of a quarter. We have about 20 plus percent women in those top positions. What we find in this study is that policy actually matters. From previous experience, i know that there is a moment in a womans life when she is considering having children, and when the question arises to who is going to spend time with the children, eventually they step out, they agree to slow down there career development. So policies matter at that point in time. If there are good and affordable childcare centrals centers, if there is good parental leave, not mothers leave, generally you find women were prepared to actually make a choice that is a real choice, not a choice that is encumbered by obstacles and burden and a Playing Field that is not level. Katty do you feel there is effort to get more women to the top . That has to be constantly rejuvenated, reinvigorated, by wakeup calls, alarm systems that say wait a minute, you could do better, you could have better bottomline results, you could have better growth at the end of the day. Katty Christine Lagarde, thank you very much. A message we cannot repeat enough. Today flags here in washington were brought to halfmast in memory of former first lady nancy reagan. She died yesterday at the age of 95 and tributes have been pouring in. Her style and her dedication to her husband are wellknown in political circles. I served with his former chief of staff. You were in the reagans every day. What did she mean to him behind closed doors . When she walked into a room, you could see him do better. When he walked into a room, you could see her doing better. They were not only a love affair not a hollywood love affair, but also a real partnership. Reagan usedine that to use, trust but verify, the problem was that he trusted everybody, and she became the verifier. Know is would want to whether the people working for her beloved ronnie were on his agenda or their own agenda. My first yesterday was, she is happy, because she is with her she is ronnie, and probably catching him up on 10 years worth of gossip in hollywood, washington, and new york. Katty president obama said in the white house today that Ronald Reagan was lucky enough to know how valuable nancy reagan was to him. He knew how lucky he was, because he had a heat protector, a shield. Insight,ho gave him someone who talk to him unvarnished. Thank you for just being you. Katty after president reagan dementiace, his increased and he deteriorated. How did she cope with those years . You took it on herself to be his caregiver. She was going to protect the image of Ronald Reagan until his dying day, and she did that. She threw herself into medical research on alzheimers, especially. She was interested in breast cancer. During the white house days, she is the one who opened the doors so that there was federal funding for aids research, because of their mutual friend rock hudson, and bringing Elizabeth Taylor to convince the president that he was wrong, she was right, and lets go. Those were the quiet Little Things that meant so much to america, so much to the president. Katty the former chief of staff to president reagan, thanks so much for coming in. Nancy reagan, who died yesterday. That brings the program to a close. Remember you can find much more of the days news on the website. You can find us on twitter. At worldof us here news america, thanks so much for watching. We will see you back here tomorrow. Make sense of International News at bbc. Com news. Funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newmans own foundation, giving all profits from newmans own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation, pursuing solutions for americas neglected needs, and hong kong tourism board. Want to know hong kongs most romantic spots . I will show you. I love heading to repulse bay for an evening stroll. Its a perfect, stunning backdrop for making romantic moments utterly unforgettable. I have lived in the city for years, but hong kong still makes me fall in love with it time and again. Bbc world news was presented by kcet los angeles. Im all about navigating. Navigation gets you where you want to go navigation its how you find your way back home how does a captain of a pirate ship find Treasure Island . Follows a chart thats navigation how do you find your way back home from school . Go past the blue house and through the park thats navigation use a map, a landmark, or the stars so you know exactly where you are navigation gets you where you want to go navigation its how you find your way back home