Hear, listen, feel, discover the best memories of your life. And now, bbc world news america. This is bbc world news america. Reporting from washington, im katty kay. As the fight rages in syria and iraq, i speak with former u. S. Defense secretary leon panetta who is looking far beyond these conflicts in the middle east. We are living in a world which i have not seen so many dangers confronting this world. One of those threats is ebola. Doctors are working round the clock to find a treatment. And move over black jack, there is a new game. Chess, yes, chess is making major moves with 1 million purse. Welcome to our viewers on Public Television here in america and also around the globe. The skies over could he banny were full of ex could he ban were full of ex kobani were full of more bombs to stop the Islamic State militants. Inside the town there are street battles. Well hear from former defense secretary leon panetta on what it will take to defeat i. S. First, our World Affairs corpte has this report. Correspondent has this report. More air strikes around the yrian border town of kobani. Those watching from the turkish side of the border fearful of the propects of it falling to the forces of the socalled Islamic State. Saudi warplanes in action today. U. S. Officials, theyre targeting i. S. Positions and staging posts around this town thats become a symbol of i. S. Ambition to claim control over a long stretch of the border and the aim of the u. S. And its allies to contain and push back the i. S. Fighters. This footage shows Kurdish Forces defending the town engaged in street fighting. Islamic state militants, and trying to keep them at bay from those inside the buildings. Over the last day or so, more turkish tanks and artillery have been arriving at the border but still no far no actual intervention in the ending. Turkey today said there was no new agreements with the United States on use the airbase in Southern Turkey for operations against the i. S. Forces, despite american reports of that effect on sunday. But the u. S. And turkey are committed to training moderate Syrian Opposition groups. Against this background, the parents of peter, the u. S. Aid worker, hostage of i. S. , have for the first time spoken to the american media. They demand. Simply demand. And their demands have always been one thing we cannot accommodate. Its beyond whats reasonable in terms of money, in terms of your power, in both cases, yes. Both in iraq and syria, what is repeatedly called a generational struggles, continues unabated. Coalition forces are now engaging Islamic State, but why was the organization allowed to get as far as it did before the world intervened . And can i. S. Now be defeated . Issues i raised earlier with the former u. S. Defense secretary and c. I. A. Director leon panetta. He has a new book worthy fights, and i started asking, the withdrawal of american troops in iraq were to blame for where we are today. Well, what happened in iraq is a vacuum was created and probably a lot of reasons for that, primary reasons, Prime Minister maliki, who i think failed to really try to bring that country together at the same time, combined with that i think is not having a presence in iraq. Could president obama have done more to keep 10,000 american soldiers in iraq . Well, you know, my history with maliki was that we really leaned on him and made it very clear and frankly we were providing significant military aid. We were providing f16 fighters. We were providing other forms of military aid. I think we could have had the leverage to kind of push him in the right direction. So are you saying, then, that president obamas failure to put pressure on maliki, to keep 10,000 American Forces in iraq has had a direct consequence today of allowing Islamic State to move into the country . Its difficult to say what history would have been you are suggesting that the American Forces might have stopped the situation we have today . What im suggesting is we would have at least have had a better chance. If somebody said to you a year ago, this is the situation we are going to be in iraq and syria with the Islamic State, would you have believed them . I would not have believed it would have been as bad as it is. Although we knew there were extremists in syria that the very few that kind of looked at isis as that larger threat it became in had terms of invading iraq. Youve run the c. I. A. , youve run the pentagon. Do you think this is an enemy that america can defeat . I do. I do. I have tremendous confidence in our ability to defeat isis. And ill tell you why. Because, you know, we declared war against al qaeda after 9 11, and this was very similar kind of enemy. Its fanatical, dangerous, terrorist as isis was and more. I think whats going to be needed here, though, is a very long and sustained effort. This is going to be much longer in terms of our ability to ultimately disrupt and destroy them. And its going to take time, and thats going to be the issue. Question that the American People will have to face and the world will have to face in terms of the coalition we put together is whether or not we stick with it and make sure that we follow through and take this to the final victory. You raise a lot of questions in the book about president obamas leadership. You talk about his lacking fire, that hes a law professor rather having the passion of a leader, have a frustrating reluctance to engage opponents. Are you disappointed in this president . I was honored to serve for this president. I have tremendous respect for the office of the president and the presidency. I want president obama to succeed and i want this country to succeed. I think there was a sense these last two years that as he was trying to redirect the tension towards this country and try to move away from the wars overseas that there was a message that, you know, perhaps we were not getting as much world leadership as we have in the past. The president himself said, if the United States doesnt lead in these crises, nobody else will. And so hes made the right decision now to go ahead and take on isis. The idea of unifying the world, developing this coalition, going after isis in an aggressive way is exactly the right policy to try to confront this very dangerous enemy. There is so much tension in the world focused on the middle east, focused on the ebola crisis. We are of course watching north korea and the face of kim jong un, we dont know where he is or the state of his health is. It was interesting in the book that you right that north korea is one of the most dangerous security threats that america faces, it gets so little attention but you say its the most dangerous threats. Were dealing with a very uncertain and unpredictable country. We have a hard time knowing where this leader is, how they think, how they operate. They have nuclear weapons. They have developed an icdm capability which means they could use a missile to deliver a nuclear weapon, not only in our country but throughout that pacific region. And because of that unserpt, because of that unpre uncertainty, because of that unpredictability, because we dont have a good sense of just exactly what makes them tic and what their what are they frying to do, it trying to do, it makes them very dangerous. I mean, we are living in a world in which ive never seen as many dangerous threats confronting this world, from isis to north korea, russia to china to cyberattacks to iran. We are confronting a very dangerous world. Leon panetta, thanks very much. And a sign of just how quickly things do move, we have an update. Since that interview was conducted this morning, state media in north korea is reporting the first public appearance of leader kim jong un in weeks. He is said to have visited a newly built Residential Development and establishment. Its the first time hes been seen out and about since september 3. Things have changed. Today, the head of the centers for Disease Control warns that america has to rethink how it controls ebola. His warning comes after a nurse in dallas was found to be infected. Shes being treating the liberian patient that died last week. Its not known how this transmission happened but officials warn there can be more of these instances. We need to consider the possibility that there could be additional cases, particularly among the Health Care Workers that cared for the patient when he was so ill. Well, as the United States grabbles with this new case grabbles in this new case, in west africa theyre trying to contain the spread and trying to develop an effective treatment. Ter 40 years there is no cure. Theres new urgency now helping those in danger. It starts inside a blood vessel with a single spindley virus. This animation shows how rapidly these tiny organisms can then take over cells and multiply. All this has been known for nearly 40 years, but only now is the world really gearing up to face the threat. This is a scene that will become more common, airport screenings. In cairo they scranned pilgrims. The bright colors show temperature. This wont spot every carrier of the virus. Samples are also taken. Health Officials Say ebola can be defeated, but theyre now using the language of war. The enemy here is a virus, ebola. Its not a person, its not a country, its not a place. Its not a hospital. Its a virus. Its a virus thats tough to fight but together im confident that we will stop it. Since 19 6 when eboll 1976 when ebola was identified, it was contained with strict hygiene. There was no drugs because developing them is extremely expensive and the Major Pharmaceutical Companies havent seen much in the market. Thats changing. Theres now a scramble of defeating ebola on two fronts. First, treatment for people who are infected. Of these, zmap is the best known but they dont know the effect these drugs will have on those who need them in west africa. Another one is plasma, survivors of ebola. Then in parallel, there is a hunt of vaccines. America and canada are trying different kinds of vaccines. The aim is to have 20,000 doses by early next year. Theres no certainty about how well these will work. Theres been a lot of International Attention to making sure that Clinical Trials of new vaccines and medicines are done. My feeling is if the resources continue, those studies could possibly be done and already provide some initial answers before christmas, before end of the year. Ok. There you go. Until drugs are ready, a focus has to be on Disease Control. These american volunteers are being equipped to work in west africa. It was basic techniques that the previous outbreaks, the hope is theyll do the same now. But ebola has reached more people in more countries than ever before. And all though the science to control it is catching up, every delay makes it harder. Trying to find a cure and to find it fast. British members of parliament have voted in favor of the recognition of palestine as a state. It is a symbolic move and would not change government policy but could have international implications. Israel says moves to recognize palestine are premature and undermines peace efforts between the two sides. In south africa, the sentencing hearing is under way for Oscar Pistorius who was found guilty of culpable homicide last month and the judge can now comboice anything from suspended entence to a 15year jail. Jail time. His future hangs in the balance. Oscar pistorius convincing the judge he should not spend a day in prison for killing his irlfriend reeva steenkamp. His attorney saying that pistorius has been punished enough. A broken man has lost everything. Hes lost his love relationship with ms. Steenkamp. Hes lost his moral reputation. Watching closea, revvas parents, who is unhappy that he was found not guilty of murdering their daughter. Today they heard a social worker why a prison sentence for manslaughter would not be appropriate either. It is socially acceptable. His conclusion, that pistorius should instead be put under a form of house arrest and do Community Work like cleaning. Three years. Only three . Three years. And you think that that is in the interest of society . The prosecutor was outraged by that suggestion. Seen t somebody should be killing an innocent woman . The prosecution said that pistorius is not trapped in some cycle of grief. The opposite. He may have a new girlfriend and thats considering his return to professional athletics. So what sentence is appropriate for a man shown here in the hours after he entered his bathroom and shot four times through the toilet door . Many South Africans say the court is being too lenient. Two out of three South Africans feel that he should have been found guilty of murder. So a prison sentence now quite possible . It is quite possible but as we saw with the judgment, the conviction, the judge is absolutely unpredictable. Pistorius is likely to learn his faith in the next few days. Youre watching bbc world news america still to come on tonights program, thousands of miles from home. These migrants are hoping for beater life in brazil than compared to other countries. Theyre getting quite a welcome. As Oil Prices Fall among the countrys hardest hit is russia which is already wheeling from western sanctions. Moscow is rapidly turpg its attention to the east turning its attention to the east. Russia is pivotting towards china, the battle over Eastern Ukraine has led to tough sanctions against moscow by the e. U. And u. S. It leaves russia looking for new markets for its oil and gas. China has already agreed in principle to a 30year, 400 billion gas deal. Moscow is hoping for much more from this visit. But phil says russia is negotiating from a position of weakness. The chinese are just licking their lips right now and looking at this thing and saying, hmm, russia is on its knees right now. Theyre not our allies. Theyre a source of cheap stuff. So lets see how desperate they are and how cheap the stuff can be. Chinas economy may dwarf russias but is energy hungry, something russia can offer. Trade between the two nations is worth 89 billion last year and could reach 100 billion in 2014. But neil, an emerging markets economist, says russias economy is in trouble. On the one hand you have the fallout from the crisis in ukraine, the financial sanctions, the Global Capital markets, you have at the same time oil prices in the past nth or so, russia most exports. The e. U. s loss might be chinas gain. Looking eastward will help revive its economic for turns, theyre hoping. Its not uncommon to hear governments say their country has a refugee or migrant problem. In france, hundreds are waiting hoping to cross the english channel. In australia, it often dominates headlines as it does here in the United States. This next story, though, is a little different. A migrant border camp where new arrivals arent the problem, theyre actually the solution. Theyre a long way from home and theyve all left families behind. From central america, haiti and increasingly from west africa, theyre mainly but not all economic migrants. This is a brazilian state near the amazon jungle. All of these mige rants endured long, exhausting journey by peru and ecuador. Among them, we came across matthew, daysed and desperate after escaping dazed and desperate after escaping sectarian violence. As many as 500 people a day arrive at this Holding Center near the border. The process, given a mattress to sleep on and theyre fed. Theres no doubt about it that immigrants arifing here in brazil get a arriving here in brazil get a much better prospect than other countries. For now brazil says it can cope. They come here looking for work, and theres always been work for them. They will accept the jobs brazilians dont want. Word has spread and for the migrant its like a kind of el dorado. There are some tensions between the different nationalities but conditions are better than the other my grant camps have seen. As migrant camps have seen. As the day progresses, people are anxiously hoping for one thing. Brazilian work permits, dozens of them. Less than two weeks after arriving, these haitian, dominican migrants now have extensive rights to live and work in brazil. Few words but the smiles say it all. Their names on the list confirming transport to the south seals the deal. Discrimination and the slowing economy will present challenges, but new migrants still arrive and this will continue as long as brazil makes them feel welcomed. Migrants finding for once a welcoming in brazil. When you think of las vegas, black jack or roulette may come to mind, but lets face it, you dont put gamble and chess in the same sentence very often until now, that is. The firstever tournament involving it is under way in vegas with a cool 1 million in prize money. Players from 40 different untries around the world are there. Sin city, gambling, clubbing, life with music, long nights. Five hours of intense intellectual sport and the stakes are higher than ever before. The ancient sport of chess is about to change. Its all about rebranding. To pull in an audience and the sponsors and advertisers that come with it. Chess will never be the same. 1 million and vegas go together and chess needs to get a new facelift. Its been a dated sport. This is the United States. We do things big. We do things grandiose. If you want to get any kind of public attention in the u. S. , you got to bring the excitement and 1 million in vegas spells excitement. Live here from planet hollywood, las vegas. Chess, tv show, live game commentary, only online for now but bringing it to a new audience. Its not the easiest thing. Im going to make it as simple as i possibly can so everybody can enjoy. Recently weve seen world number one, 23 years old, won the world championship. World number two is 22 years old. A Young Persons game, not an old persons game. Theyre doing things like normal young people do. This 16yearold from the bronx took on a besh reggie bushan grandmother and won belarusan grandmother and won. More than 500 players have come from 40 countries. The battle is out for a share of the prize money. The reason im here is to make history. 1 million in prize money. I came here to play chess and win. I want to take part in that. Throwing in 1 million of prize money is a makeover into the game. Theyve done it with poker. And with so many young players, this could be their best. Even some fear it might be a hard sell. Ok. I think i have absolutely nothing left to say. That brings todays show to a close. You can find more on our website and me and the bbc team. Im katty kay for bbc world news america. Thank you for watching. Ill see you back here tomorrow. 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Contributions to your pbs station from every day when youre walking down the street everybody that you meet has an original point of view laughing and i say hey hey what a wonderful kind of day if we could learn to work and play and get along with each other you got to listen to your heart, listen to the beat listen to the rhythm, the rhythm of the street open up your eyes, open up your ears get together and make things better by working together its a simple message, and it comes from the heart oh, believe in yourself believe in yourself for thats the place to start place to start and i say, hey hey hey what a wonderful kind of day if we could learn to work and play and get along with each other hey what a wonderful kind of day hey what a wonderful kind of day. Hey arthur over tv hey, d. W. hey whoa loud thud letters shattering announcer somewhere, in the ancient ruins of egypt lies a horror buried deep beneath the desert sands, an unnatural force, bent on destruction, not dead, not alive, and nothing can stop them. mooing screaming the new video game from the makers of extreme gamma cube dark bunny revenge of the moomies. Yes, its moomies as youve never seen them before. Theyre bigger, theyre badder, and theyre much, much madder. Its milking time. Cool cool ive got to have that. Hey. But how are you going to afford it . I could ask my parents for it, but theyll just say, if you really want it, youll have to buy it with your own money. both sigh if i bought everything i ever wanted, id have to have so many jobs, id never have time to play with the things i bought. Just like grownups