The island he's arrest came a day after the government said it would offer a pardon to a suspected middleman in the killing if he named the mastermind behind it 3 other men face trial over the reporter's death Carolina has been described as the one woman Wiki Leaks for her dedication to revealing corruption in multis an e.u. Politics and business. German Chancellor Merkel has hosted African leaders for the g 20 compact with Africa's summit in Berlin the initiative aimed to boost private investment in Africa but interest from the region appears to be waning only 7 heads of state from 12 compact countries attended the summit Merkel stressed that the German government has introduced a number of initiatives to support private investment in Africa last year unveiled a 1000000000 euro investment fund to support projects from German and African companies but critics of the Initiative said the effects on the ground a negligible and has only been a meek increase in direct foreign investment in the 12 compact countries. The Polish prime minister says Poland will continue with its controversial reform of the justice system Mathias more of the scheme made the announcement just hours after the European Court of Justice ruled that the country's supreme court must determine whether its new disciplinary chamber is sufficiently independent to handle complaints brought by judges against their early retirement the ruling was in response to a proposed reform that would see the retirement age of Supreme Court justices lowered from 70 to $65.00 but allow the Polish president to grant a 5 year extension to those deemed worthy. And finally to Austria. The government has struggled for years to decide what to do with the house where at all fit was born including considering tearing it down it's now being decided that the building will now House a police station to deter neo nazi Cerberus them police won't move in Russia way as the government is holding an easy wide architectural competition to redesign the building and out of Assad according to the interior ministry the winner of the contest is expected to be announced in the 1st time of next g.m. Haven't seen a wealthy European news round up. I'm Keith Walker in Germany yeah listening to inside Europe French president of manual microphones criticism of. Suffering brain death has caused huge outrage within the alliance the backlash looks to continue all the way to a December meeting with heads of state and government the attack has even prompted Germany to make a new proposal about how to upgrade the alliances strategic thinking Teri Schultz reports from Brussels even the us usually NATO is most vocal critic was aghast at the French president's interview in The Economist in which he blasted the alliance's brainpower and cast doubt on whether its Article 5 mutual defense clause is really ironclad the American ambassador to NATO key Bailey Hutchison told me in an interview that Washington disagrees with the manual McClellan's assessment of NATO we think NATO is the security on Vela that has worked so well for 17 years and we think President Clinton is wrong and you know I think if he's wanting to start a dialogue we'll start a dialogue I think that all of us believe NATO is the right way to go believe the. President calling this wrong that if he has something to and to the dialogue if he has something that he wants to add to participating in NATO missions to make it stronger then I think that would be a good thing and I think that just throwing pot shots from the outside is not necessarily the way to move ahead together German Chancellor Angela Merkel also disagreed with McCrone publicly and now German foreign minister Heikal must showed up at a NATO meeting carrying a proposal that the alliance set up a working group to enhance strategic thinking NATO secretary general yen so Simberg Welcome to the initiative. From. Mr Holcombe also received support from many allies and I think it has value we will look into it as we prepare for the upcoming leaders' meeting and then we will decide what to do young Tesh of the German Marshall Fund says the proposal itself isn't so inspiring but the fact that Germany is in his words frantic to shore up NATO after the French attack is an interesting development techo says that's particularly because foreign minister mosque comes from a party not usually enthusiastic about the military alliance it is a pretty classic German suggestion you know create a working group of some sort and and publish or report it is again a fairly typical thing to prefer process over substance but it is remarkable because it's coming from a social democrat and it was accompanied and this is perhaps more important than the suggestion itself by a very firm commitment of the German foreign minister from the Social Democratic Party that NATO was the way forward for German security that NATO was irreplaceable and that the transatlantic link was crucial this was more important perhaps than the suggestion itself because these kinds of things are you know all by themselves not particularly popular that somebody from the left says them is usually important in terms of domestic politics another interesting point from the NATO meeting the French foreign minister made roughly the same proposal to his counterpart that a small group of eminent persons be formed to reflect on the vision the alliance has of its values and aims and to have a report prepared for the 2021 summit but in what is being perceived as a reflection of the rage against MacCollins remarks Stilton very declined 3 times to comment on the French plan the NATO chief will go to Paris next week to talk to McAllen directly about his views with heads of state in government gathering the 1st week of December Stoltenberg can't afford the status quo that there is more attention on threats to the alliance from within it than. From beyond its borders Terry Schulte d w Brussels and I'm Keith Walker and ball you're listening to end side Europe Venice Italy is still reeling from a week of free exceptional tides that flooded the canals city to levels not seen in 50 years floodwaters there have caused massive damage to business and threaten the city's cultural heritage leaving many people asking what is being done to save the sinking city from Venice not only Carney has more the din from vacuums and water pumps resonate from almost every business that lines Venice is popular see Mark's Square as the lowest point in the city this iconic Square feels the brunt of the high tides the hardest I mean just the backlog in the water came up to here says Claudia van or the president of the St Mark's Square association as he points to a water line on a metal panel erected to measure flood levels is there a concern that leveled out and again absolutely yes. He was right on Sunday high tides brought in flood waters that peaked at one and a half meters submerging 70 percent of the city more alarming is that this incident followed 2 previous floodings only days earlier one whose waters reached 1.8 meters the highest levels in more than 50 years the 2nd worst flood. Only $966.00 was $194.00 centimeters judging a senior researcher at the Institute of Marine Science in Venice says these high water and vents are becoming more and more common and. It's getting worse because we have become. Just 80 centimeters above the sea. So you have let's say 50 centimeters of sea level which is. High water so. People cannot walk around anymore. Some marks. Are flooded. Then it is one of the world's most vulnerable places to environmental changes as the a.g. Attic sea courses through the city's canals shops restaurants hotels have all closed to deal with the damages yet what brings the tourists to Venice is its UNESCO recognised architecture and cultural heritage all of which are at risk of being completely destroyed. Wading through the flood waters in St Mark's historic Basilica church Mattie a piano a university professor of architectural restoration examines the corrosion or America. Is more a poor made in most cases of brick which is very porous so the water not only makes the lower part of the wall it climbs to about 4 metres and in this church even reaches the music's creases the concentration of salt on the walls and this is what causes the most damage to the city and its buildings the Italian prime minister just said because it has declared a state of emergency for the city in order to access 20000000 euros to help it recover from the floods are going to. Be restored. With regard to repairing the damage caused by the tide we will proceed in 2 phases in the 1st phase we will be able to compensate individuals and traders up to 5000 euros for individuals and 20000 euros for businesses these resources will be released immediately however Venice mayor Luigi go says damages run around 1000000000 euros as his city was again brought to its knees by the flood waters many are angry that the Mosaic a multi-billion dollar engineering project of mobile underwater gates that would isolate the Venetian lagoon from rising tides is not yet operational people because they're saying they're going to use for such a long time and almost the time that it works but it's still not ready and it still takes another 2 years maybe. Nobody knows the NASA also says the most they will only be a temporary solution as climate change increases the frequency of high tides will have a rise in moves to has to be close to average day so if you have to close the most every day through things because there is no water extension and more ships cannot come in anymore you have to think about something different and so you have to think already now for another solution the most of all not be the final solution. As Venice once again averts drowning the local government is demanding more effective ideas to stop the city from sinking prime minister Conti has promised a more thorough discussion on the issue next week. The 26th of November is the proposed date for the convening of an enlarged Committee which will be used to discuss the general management of problems concerning Venice and in particular its infrastructure starting from the problems related to cruise ships the problem of the Moses system and the problem of chord nation between the different authorities in a disturbing nod from Mother Nature last week's flooding also reached the Venice regional council building for the 1st time in its history moments after members rejected measures to contact climate change Natalie Carney for v.w. In Venice Italy coming up in just a moment Britain's Prince Andrew stops time from royal duties over his ties with Geoffrey Epstein I'm Keith Walker and you're listening to inside Europe. Queen Elizabeth's 2nd son Prince Andrew the Crandell Duke of York he announced on Wednesday that he would step back from public duties because of his ties to American sex offender Jeffrey abstain said the relationship had become quote major disruption to the royal family's charitable work and following the story closely for us in London is Patrick Christie's journalist and political commentator whoa partner going to start with us yes I mean this is one of the things that we could probably talk about for a full week but the very latest is that Prince I'm sure was essentially been sacked by his I Mother the Queen from Royal j.t. He was summoned to Buckingham Palace and told to step down from public life so he will be stripped now obviously $249000.00 pounds a year tax free salary and he will now no longer be taking part in any of the kind of royal affiliated charity work that they do so he's essentially being ostracised because well it would appear that he is now in a long list of candidates they blackest of black sheep in the family this is all Jews who has close association with Geoffrey Epstein and also because of this t.v. Interview he gave he just seems a little bit Oregon's under a little bit. Lacking in empathy Yes absolutely I mean this this was the arrogance of the man that there was no apology for his friendship with that scene in fact he doubled down and said he still doesn't regret being friends with this guy it's Guy let's have it right was was an international and prolific pay to file. Express no remorse whatsoever for friendship and just seem completely out of touch with absolutely everybody and the wider public it was a really shocking performance and bear in mind as well he thought it went so well that he gave the Newsnight crew it's all reporting and policy afterwards. Church on Sunday and you know they thought it had gone swimmingly how deluded can evade this is Newsnight is the name of the show he was on let's let's have a little clip of him Ok so the presenter asks him if he's got every any sense of guilt or regret about his friend. Sure but Epstein Do I regret. That he has quite obviously conducted himself in a manner unbecoming Yes. He was a sex offender Yeah I'm sorry I think polite. Yes pretty shocking stuff that isn't it I mean this is a man I made some quite ludicrous claims and alibis really as to why maybe its relationship with Geoffrey Epstein wasn't quite as close as the press is making out he claims he was just friends with his Them partner Galen Maxwell However this time it just really doesn't really hold too much water unfortunately the fact is that after Geoffrey Epstein was released from prison Prince Andrew spent 4 days staying with him and Prince Andrew then claims on one of those days actually he wasn't that he was at the British consulate but the British Consul at the time has come out and said they don't remember him being nasty saying with them so he is really starting to unravel for him and frankly I think it's really obvious he says and yeah because of this people question the whole future of the entire monarchy Yeah this is genuinely the future of the monarchy something that is quite often called into question at flashpoints there was the whole Charles and Diana period which just seemed like a very long time ago now but space historically is not long ago the future the morning it was called into question then but now I feel like it's really on the rocks you've got with the past when the world Charles and Camilla not 2 of the most popular royals their strong rumors about how well Kate and William are getting on we all know that that Harry imac you know disassociate themselves in the royal family ivory opportunity now they're not going to have Christmas with the queen at Sandringham obviously the queen herself and Prince Philip are are in that dosage as it's called so the future the royal family as we know it is potentially in doubt what this Prince Andrew thing opens up is much closer scrutiny to where all of that money comes from who the links are and the lifestyle that they lead and whether or not in the 21st century that's really appropriate when as you say Prince Andrew earns a quarter of a $1000000.00 rate tax rate absolutely a very welcome tax by is it all goes into him but. On top of that and this is where it's really started to pile pressure on him now he has several Look Jory has properties including in the ski resort a verb and several around the home counties one of which was sold for 3000000 pounds a book of its original asking price he has been essentially tracked to going to various places like John quite often Kazakstan and several areas in the Middle East as well and there are strong insinuations now anyway that maybe if we started taking a little bit deeper into those relationships we might and some even more accountable trees for the prince who is actually our mother was until recently regarded as the queen's favorite son salute and you mentioned you mentioned I want to for the sons Prince Charles and Camilla are well they've been in New Zealand and I'm nobody really cares it's like yeah but. This is it this is it you know 1st of all you had Meghan Harry overshadowing the work that Prince Charles was doing when they went on and on and on of sort of Africa and then released a statement saying they were basically going to sue all of British media and then now the same things happened or just a slightly different reasons of course with with Prince Andrew and that's the concern now that scandal is dominating the royal family as opposed to the positive work that they do and it is tarnishing that image to be honest with you I think it's going to take a very long time for them to come back from yeah and you know what nobody is talking about is Prince Charles Ok He's in New Zealand but a few years ago he had a very close friendship with a paedophile children's television presenter Jimmy Savile Yes absolutely and in fact actually the long list of people that Jimmy Savile out a very close relationship with is quite shocking He also used to spend Christmas Day with Margaret Thatcher at 10 Downing Street which is you know probably about as weird as it gets really but but this is this is the other element of it you know has the royal family got a lot of skeletons in his closet frankly have a lot of the aristocracy have a lot of wealthy people you know and this is this is something that's going to keep rearing its head I think for Charles again you know the royal family as a whole must be just sitting there now and actually just waiting to light. This explosive thing and if this shows is one thing it shows that the power of the monarchy and Great Britain is diminishing no longer can they cover things up in a way that they used to no longer can they sweep things under the rug the public now feel that they haven't entitle meant to now and they're not going to stop until they do now Ok Patrick thank you very much for following the story for us thank you to Christie's as a political commentator and journalist and also breakfast show host I love Sport Radio London. Broadcasting from Germany this is inside Europe Marina Abramovic calls herself the grandmother of performance art but she's long how to distant relationship with her mother country and should have Serbia in the 1970 s. And she's never staged a major exhibition in her hometown Belgrade until now the City's Museum of Contemporary Art is hosting a huge career spanning retrospective called the cleaner it's giving some of Serbia's young artists the chance to learn what's the method as they recreate some of the artist's most famous infamous performances I went to see them in action. The cleanup is a total assault on the sense that it's. Contemporary with this particular installation. From 97 to. This is a work which Marina created when she was living in Belgrade and so it's appropriate the 1st thing you hear or feel as you enter into the 1st exhibition here from all the Falls Yes this is a great opportunity to see the Hall of work there on Star 10 of it she is the curator of the clean air in Belgrade Marina. Performances. Even former fought so she wanted to recreate it then to preserve performances a living god so it's always interesting for her to train young people and give them your paternity to pass through Marina's school of performers what sort of qualities do you need to be every performance you think well of the target group for selecting group performances of dancers but of course a goodish and they're supposed to present themselves their physical and psychical abilities because Marina's performance is quite demanding so it's not something you can easier to do. Was the exhibition is certainly a challenge for visitors was the sound alone is overwhelming the coffin of screams slaps and percussion and comfort levels attested further by one of Marine or Abramovitch is more unsettling works imponderable yet places 2 performers facing one another in a doorway to reach the exhibition space beyond visitors have to squeeze between them the catch is that the performers are completely naked for dancer and performance art student and break out of your chin it's a powerful experience it's also shocking to see 2 naked bodies in a small space it puts people in this uncomfortable position even now do you feel comfortable doing that yes yes I really thought that I would feel much more exposed than I do now but I feel like my body in that situation is a real like performers body actually walking through and from that I believe is more uncomfortable than doing it the people who are walking through was I doing such a great job it's not easy. Oh my God this performance is called freeing the voice because it's. It's actually trying to screw herself for simple until she can do it and there. Was my name is even at any savvy reach and I'm a visual and performance artist from said he was we still have undergrad performance art scene and then there is a point after a few years of doing there do you ask yourself Why am I doing this there's a few feet of pulls coming to your performances to see you and most of them are your colleagues was a want to stay here. And tried to do something but when they go out of Serbia and perform I feel such respect and appreciation and there's a great feeling I don't feel it here you surely would you think such a vision you know help people in the scene feel like you know A.B.C.'s younger people they're really curious and they see these like really. Quality of them. It's understandable that Serbia's artists feel underappreciated culture hasn't seemed like a priority here the Museum of Contemporary Art was closed for more than a decade and so was the national museum they finally reopened 2 years ago so local artists cautious about celebrating this apparent new beginning the cleaner closes in January and Reaper form Alexander says the big question is how to make sure this isn't a one off if this stays at the level dad oh yeah we had. Museum of Contemporary Art The goal of this is not to be has not been achieved at least a thing for for artists who live here and for. The one who's thinking about solutions like how to how to kind of along this like how to after this when people had so much time to see performances I like how to maybe get her dad audience and you know push them towards other artists who work in this space was that could be a performance in itself it may have taken Marina Abramovich 44 years to return but her influence could still be crucial to the future of Serbia's artists God alone I tell great I was was. If. We would love to hear from you dress Europe d w. This is inside Europe I'm Keith Walker and bomb. This is inside Europe My name is Keith Walker in Bonn Germany coming up in the next half an hour Italy's economic north south divide the gap is widening between the wealthy north on the poor side and the north of Italy life is more expensive too but at least there they give you the chance to progress here there's nothing believe me I've tried but if there's nothing what am I supposed to do also on the show how speakers of Scots Gallic are working to protect and promote their declining language and the importance of Oslo's annual gift of a Christmas tree to London this is a very physical symbol to show that the u.k. And Norway have history and also that we have a future together I think this tradition will continue and it's perhaps even more important than ever to show the importance of peace and friendship these stories and more coming up on Inside here. Broadcasting from Germany this case inside Europe. A new government and Italy is providing new hope for the south of the country hope that something will finally be done about the ever widening gap between the rich north and the poor sods over the past 15 years 2000000 Southern Italians have packed their bags and left to find a job or a future elsewhere mass migration from the size dates back to the unification of Asli in 861 and it reached its peak in the fifty's and sixty's back then it was blue collar workers that left these days it's highly educated youngsters Angelo van Cheick has been finding out more in Sicily. I began to. Fetch the arrow of the South this train travels from. Gentle here in Sicily to Milan in the north of Italy nearly 1700 kilometers and 18 carriages. Several times a week it passes through this station. In the heart of Sicily. Also still a train station today but 25 years ago it was transformed into a museum dedicated to immigration by people in the quest. In the 19 fifties and sixties 50000 people left from this very station depopulating this area now history is repeating itself people used to leave with a. Stone there or cardboard suitcase these days young people leave with laptops under their arms and with a fancy Levasseur case but the result is the same the population and impoverishment here. Every year the emigration museum and. A trick several 1000 visitors most of them have emigrated themselves like Marco he is 43 comes from a small village in the mountains near Palermo and left Sicily 15 years ago for children. Who will say yes to this one the only one of my classmates still lives in my hometown all the others have left 20 years ago petrol the at the village where I come from had 9000 inhabitants at the latest count a few years ago there were only 2000 left and the average age is way above 70. 7 at least tragedy in a match. According to a recent reports 2000000 Southerners have left home over the past 15 years and only few. Every term survived and all they want but it sure not badly until recently Giacomo daddy go to work for the agency that will be nice as it has music changes for Italian students which enable them to study abroad he himself is a silly and believes in rum but it turned out badly as a result he could legally I invest southern Italy loses out twice firstly in terms of the money invested in these young people's education money that is then earned somewhere else money and which taxes are paid somewhere else Secondly in terms of the human capital these young people will not contribute to the development of the self it's a double loss a loss of investments and a loss of resources and. The most tragic example of the deep appeal ation of southern Italy is beyond beyond all remote hamlet. The silence in the streets is deafening and the sense of sadness in the last remaining grocery store is beautiful i'm sure how. To put it gently good but they're going to. Came up Ok here are bookie. But there are only a few of us living here so they are just a few customers everyone is leaving and children aren't born here anymore. The last child born in be left alone is now 5 years old and young. Already. Because she's not going to kindergarten the local nursery close the primary school only has 6 pupils and public transport was shut down years ago 3 years ago the village had 1000 inhabitants now there are only 450 left one of them is my ballet now. It's and that and our motherland ice 26 years old she started it's a national marketing in Milan and has just come back from 8 months in Australia she's spending the summer here with Conde wake to go back to rely on after the holidays saw me wearing the t. But I thought about acumen into. As in a communique. Sure I'm going to Mrs silly I'd love to work here but there aren't any jobs I'm convinced that if I want to work and make something of my life I have to leave I'm afraid feel a pretty old though will eventually disappear in summer it's not bad here but in the winter it's empty and desolate. Many locals are resigned to the situation but former Iraq's resurgency director Jack all that ego is positive about the possibilities to stop the exodus and until all could all do it all says Wilson said a man to still know may not be Michael the most important thing is to recognize the problem if you recognize it you can solve it in addition to that the self lacks infrastructure railways waterways and ports to connect the different cities with each other and with the north of the country no one will invest in an area with bad infrastructure the south of Italy is one of the most underdeveloped regions in the e.u. We need to develop this area and make it more attractive to outsiders because besides people leaving we don't attract other people either and death is a big problem. For modeling now those investments will probably arrive too late if they ever arrive at all she would love to stay in Sicily if only she could. Give it to the out of the hospital to a lot of the well I have to go out of I'm many people go to the north of Italy or Northern Europe Sydney where I lived in Australia was full of Sicilians people who realize that you can earn 3 times as much making pizzas there than working in marketing here of course life is more expensive in Sydney but it all balances out and the north of Italy life is Mark Spence of 2 but at least there they give you the chance to progress here there's nothing believe me I've tried but if there's nothing what am I supposed to do. Unemployment in the south is growing and this year the economy will shrink by 0.3 percent it is estimated that around 150000 young talented people will leave this region to look for a future elsewhere. Italy's new government has promised to be a bit more southern minded than the previous one but we have to wait and see whether the south of Italy will be given a chance to shake off poverty and the population I suppose d.w. You happy older sis if. You're listening to end side Europe My name is Keith Walker and if you've been to London around this time of year you will have noticed most probably a huge Christmas tree in Trafalgar Square and every year since 9 $147.00 the tree has been donated by the city of also way to London and gratitude for British supports during World War 2 at 2019 might have been quite an exceptional year for Britain but there will be no change to the import of this particular piece of Norwegian Wood regardless of what kind of brags that eventually prevails and last Tuesday last provider headed to the woods to witness this year's trees 1st step into the big world. It's become a truck but I'm you'll see this people gather near the Chosin to eat somewhere in the forests outside of also Forest your work is citizen buttons and coffee for peds open fires and a children's choir to entertain while there are plenty of trees surrounding the region capital far from everyone can make that cooks for the prestigious to follow the square position. My name is. And I'm the chief forester all slow We whole was travelling around the for us and look for trees even branches around the whole tree and you have to cut down the trees around it to get enough space how do you identify potential candidates this tree we have known about for 10 years on the tree. We can start managing 20 years before it's going to be a long laundry. To have peace conditions is life in 47 if it gratitude for all the help that's in the regions and also people and also got from the Brits during the 2nd World War Marianna Borgen the narrow and today she's the official test of the Christmas tree felling ceremony and now it's also a symbol of gratefulness long old friendship specially in times where people feel that it's a lot of things happening in the world I think it's so important to show that's really have a good dialogue with our. Labors a Great Britain I want to nourish that friendship I think this is a tradition will continue and it's perhaps even more important than ever to show the importance of peace and friendship. I'm. Disappointed being a cold grey and rainy day in the woods there was definitely. Around me. A lot about the need to gather around a symbol of friendship and to move forward the aptly named Richard. The British ambassador to Norway but I think it's really important symbolically to be able to show what close links between countries really mean there are also schoolchildren here today and this is a very visible symbol for them to show that the u.k. And Norway have history and also that we have a future together or so I think these these kinds of things are important it's important to continue them and not just to look back but to use them to look forward as well. But I feel same 1st by the. Rather sad begin to have to cut it down it's so beautiful and it's whole and strong it would look spectacular in Chicago square here too is the official recipient of the tree. Of Westminster council let me push people across the u.k. Comes who I was on during the season once the tree is lit to suit and they'd know it comes from Norway this was the sign or explosive say so how but then before they know it when they leave playing. That's it this year's tree is being separated from its trunk and a giant crane here will lift it all to a truck which will lead drive it to the coast from there it's a boat journey across the North Sea before the lights go on in Trafalgar Square on the 5th of December 60th the number 2 from Beast forests will make the same journey for the people of Britain perhaps tired of the topsy turvy political situation in that's country this at least is a tradition which stays the same. In the also less forests. Inside here appreciate the big stories from Europe every week new sound politics with a sprinkling of culture on the arts on the next guest runs Arlen's biggest book club the ricochet book club which has more than 285000 members Hello ricochet I locate How are you guys are going thanks for having me Grace Ok so so tell us what books are destined to be big hits this Christmas I have a few suggestions for you I'm going to start with one which is at a kind of for the awkward family member so it's possibly for your dad or it may be for your granddad or you have an awkward family member who you'd love to buy a book for but just not quite sure you just know that they kind of like nonfiction it's Bill Bryson's book The Body and Bill Bryson well known travel writer wrote a really huge science book about 15 years ago as well at the body does what it says on the tin it is a book about. The human body he starts with the brain and the skull works his way through our blood systems and all the way through every aspect of the body including disease in those things that affect us as well it's kind of a mass science book for everybody so it's not going to intimidate anybody who doesn't have a kind of science grounding it's something that's very much aimed at the mainstream but he has a lot of really hard science in it as well which is really fascinating as well as really amazing stories of things that have happened throughout the course of medical history where people have accidentally made discoveries that then went on to change the entire history of medicine and they stumble across stuff back spent a lot of these people the names of been forgotten as well and it's a kind of treasure trove of kind of mind boggling facts about human body and I definitely think that's going to be what you might consider to be going to die as a whole or is it just the body he talks about human goals and because it's one of those things that doesn't tend to get dealt with in books like this so he talks about its importance in terms of the rest of the human body and how we sometimes underestimate that as well you have a section devoted to that Bill Bryson the body Ok One of the books that we've got for us or one I just finished it's from slightly earlier in the year and I just think it may have been slightly neglected the winner of the Pulitzer Prize a couple of years ago for a book called Underground Railroad cults and Whitehead is his name he's american The book is called the nickel boys it is a fictional story set in the civil rights era and it's set in a school for wayward children in Florida what happens is Elwood is the main character in the book he has just arrived there after having done something very minor to a lot of these kids in that era it's about what it was like in those schools about segregation that existed between white and black kids about some of the terrible things that have occurred because the very beginning of the book you realize that the story is being told from the modern day and some very dark secrets have been uncovered about that school Elwood is living in New York and he realizes he's going to have to go back and confront elements of his past as well the honest way until halfway through this book I was slightly if he adventures and then there comes a point about 3 quarters of the way through the book where Colson Whitehead turns the whole narrative on one side and. Then you go Oh I understand what you're doing here and it becomes really compelling and it's one of the best things I've read this year Ok Colson Whitehead the nickel boys we're talking a record Christmas books on the books that are going to be big this Christmas so what else is on your list I always like to give you at least one thing that's Irish and given where I am and where I'm from so Emma Donna who has a new book out called a king you'll probably know and I don't know who has been the writer of room where the read the book or not chances are you saw the Oscar winning movie this is nothing like that it's about Noah he's a retard widower He's quite an elderly gentleman he lives in an affluent part of New York his sister passes away and leaves him a large sum of money and just says enjoy yourself with this go and have fun so is his wife passed away so his parents he has no siblings left he decides to go to Nice in the set front because that's where he was born and where he lived for the 1st couple of years of his life very quickly Michael turns up Michael is an 11 year old mobile phone addicted felon most Brooklynite Gratian nephew that Noah has never met and turns out that Michael's mother has just been sent to prison unless Noah agrees to take care of Michael for the forseeable future he's going to be put into the care system in the United States and Noah feels like he has to so the 2 of them end up going on this trip to the set of France it's very odd couple It's quite funny in places it's quite serious in places well no it is looking for information about his mother and which side she may or may not have been on in the 2nd World War I am a 30 recommend It's called a cane by Emma Donaghue And next on your Christmas list of books Meghan Phelps Roper just appends and whether or not you know the name of the Westboro Baptist Church the Westboro Baptist Church and became quite famous in a series of documentaries made by British documentarian Louis Theroux He's done I think 3 at this stage but they became famous around the world for picketing soldiers' funerals in the United States amongst many other things they are notorious she was one of the members of the family in the 1st documentary she was a teenager this tells her story of what it was like to grow up somewhere like that what it was light. To become a teenager there and then what happens when you start interacting with other people particularly on social media actually in the real world she it's no spoiler because the book is called On follow then at a point realize that she can't do this anymore and she needs to leave the family she does with her sister and then the other part of the story is what happens when you don't know anyone else in the outside world everybody you've lived with a known your family and friends all refused to speak to you and disown you and about the life you can make for yourself after that it's hugely hugely worth your time and followed by Meghan Phelps Roper sounds really good Ok let's to one more time for one more book I did yeah and I love the idea of giving just a little promotion is nominated and in the last couple of weeks for an Irish book award as a name is Niall Williams Niall is a very well known author in this part of the world isn't listed for the Booker Prize the book is called This is happiness it's a new one from him father is a tiny little village in the west of art and it rains for ever there and it is just to the point where 5 is about to get rural electrification for the very 1st time back in the day of Irish history now 17 year old noël turns turned up back in the village he made a very very bad hand of attempting to become a priest he has failed and he's back in the village Kristie as an older gentleman who turns up in the village he's one of the people bringing rural electrification but he has part of his own history in fact in the village as well and it's a story about help the 2 guys end up doing this it isn't macula he written it is beautiful it is a very very funny book and one of the final ones that I've come across this year particular if you love your writing to have exclusive imagery this is the one for you it's called This is happiness and his name is not Williams fantastic there's some great books in there records show I thank you very much my pleasure as always ricochet from the record book club speaking to me from Dublin coming up next on Inside you have a really nice report from Scotland about how speakers of Scots Gallic are working to protect and promote their declining language. Then the American Agalloch speakers now have a dedicated t.v. And radio service in. Traditional galaxy is also reaching world white audiences through the likes of t.v. Drama and films like Disney's brave. Report coming up in just a moment on Keith Walker and bomb you're listening to inside Europe. Far back as the 4th century the Gallic languages being spoken throughout Scotland but at the tail end of 2019 there are concerns that the language is dying the number of speakers as I dropped to around 5 percent of what it was 200 years ago Foster has this report if you were to go back to the Scotland of a 1000 years ago you'd see a country whose culture politics and geography was dominated by the Gallic language in today's Scotland the sights of bilingual signage on roads official buildings and police cars might lead you to believe that not much is changed when in fact many here in Scotland think the country's mother tongue is in a terminal decline customer Donald is a native Gallic speaker from North us in the West and my mum had to move to the ngs and learn Gallic. We were very young. She found it difficult he. Spoke to us all the time and his extended family and my cousins we perhaps less of the language in the high seas and then many arranged us like you. I came to realize more and more just i important. Which was an important part played my life at the last census just over one percent of the population said they could speak Gallic at around 60000 people it's a drop of almost 75 percent over the last century on top of that the last generation of people to speak only Gallic died out during the seventy's and eighty's and the Western Isles are still the majority of people still speak it but it's declining pretty fast when I was young there was no profession gallonage an education cumin and 1980 s. Whereby people could be educated bilingual a so they would be immersed in Calif or the 1st 2 years and then educated by Langley this is definitely helped the language however still to climbing and in particular still declining as a language in the home so despite a number of high profile attempts to protect and promote the use of Gallic in Scotland such as Gallic schooling it seems to be making little impact on the decline in people speaking the language Jim wanna know is director of education a Boston Agalloch the public body set up by the Scottish government for the promotion of Gallic that's meant evidence. Of a Scottish Gallic the development regional education particularly in the south of the country. Consent of course has been hugely successful it is certainly the case over the past 2 centuries 3 centuries if the one we just claimed in Scotland much of this is to do with sure suppression of the language ignorance which generally spread which is destructive to the past 20 years but not everyone shares that positivity about the status of Scottish Gallic and 2019 Donald William Stewart is a lecturer at some or all state the Gallic college on the Isle of Skye the situation is pretty desperate I think my view I 1st really realise time of the situation was by going around schools we. Used to used to be a theatre company and Reese would run schools and we visited all the places in the West Highland sort Gallic was traditionally spoken. What we saw was a culture which was in really a dreadful state in many cases a terminal state part of the problem as I think is that the Highlands is a very it's a very diverse area where in some minority language groups might get everybody living as it were in one family or one very tightly packed place the Highlands is widely scattered with people living in Glens islands all over the place so people aren't really taking a notice of what is happening in other communities because it just don't visit these other communities who aren't aware that this language shift is happening but as Galaxie state is as a living language faces arguably its darkest days it has coincided with something over a nascent Gallic culture. Shock to the American Agalloch speakers now have a dedicated t.v. And radio service and b.b.c. Alep or traditional galaxy is also reaching worldwide audiences through the likes of t.v. Drama Outlander and films like Disney's brave. Gallic some even featured prominently in the 21000 computer game the Bard's Tale featuring performances from the likes of Julie phallus and. The man. So why then in the face of this cultural resurgence of Gallic is the language still in such decline there has been on doted Li a huge increased visibility of the language in the media and also you haven't got it used in institutions. Particularly we've got the referee retinas of Gallic medium schools were children. Katyn Gallic at the same time however that might actually cause a problem because people see that garlic is being used in what we call higher order to means they see colic being used in the media people think well you know I don't really need to make an effort myself I don't really need to make an effort to teach garlic to my children. It's healthy of course it's healthy look around you but again there's a problem between the appearance and the reality given that then given the rate of decline in Galaxy because here in Scotland what future is there for Scotland's mother tongue we're at a crossroads I think in Kalak at the moment is it going to be a language which will still be spoken but by groups of if you like language and through c.s. In the big cities and towns or will it have some sort of status still in the traditional areas in which it is spoken I think we as I said we really are turning point and I don't think that one community to be honest can exist with the other whatever the coming decades hold for Gallic if things continue as they are it's future is bleak research by the University of Highlands and Islands due to be published next year suggests that the language is on the point of societal collapse take a trip to the Western Isles today and you'll still hear Gallic spoken indeed for many there it still feels more natural than English but as younger people move to the big cities away from that already shrinking community and without any kind of Scotland wide investment in resources passing the language and their heritage on to their own children is becoming increasingly difficult there is still time to turn a range but something needs to be done pretty fast there simply not enough money being picked towards that and certainly not enough support at a critical level for it survive and thrive at the moment of course the wealth of literature in Scott's Gallic means that will never truly be gone forever but it's. As a day to day living breathing language is not without doubt hanging in the bounds Dacosta . For today inside of the big stories from here up every way can use politics culture Christmassy stuff and more it's produced with help from Helen Seanie the sound technician this week has Christophe groove on Keith Walker thank you for listening you can also subscribe to inside Europe on your favorite podcast up inside Europe comes to you from Germany's international broadcaster d w and world affairs is on the way next a show about the promise of Africa that's coming right up at 4 o'clock early on this Saturday morning on k.q.e.d. I'm Stephen Dubner on the next Freakonomics Radio my co-author Steve Levitt is on a crusade I really think that we would do incredible service to society if we thought high school math can turn it into something that was actually useful useful as opposed to what take the point c. And d. On a minor r k b f such that Mark America's math curriculum doesn't add up that's next time on Freakonomics Radio. Check out Freakonomics radio this afternoon beginning at 3 and again tomorrow morning Sunday morning beginning at 4 here on k.q.e.d. I'm Michael stay dry mild weather in the forecast right through the weekend high temps during the day the sixty's and low seventy's looks like we may get some widespread rain here coming up Tuesday and Tuesday night unsettled weather with scattered showers expected to continue through Wednesday and into Thanksgiving Day . The San Francisco and k.q. We are north island Sacramento and live on line to k.q.e.d. Or. Welcome to world affairs the weekly broadcaster the World Affairs Council this program is produced an association with k.q.e.d. Public Radio and the Aspen Institute I'm Jane Wales your host Africa is home to some of the fast. Growing economies in the world and by 2050 it will have a population greater than that of China and up to a quarter of the world's workforce because of America's growing strategic and economic importance governments and businesses from all around the world are scrambling to strengthen ties and make investments in this week's episode will consider what countries within and outside of Africa have to gain or lose from this investment and more critically how Africans might benefit from foreign investment Joining us is Alex vine He's head of the Africa Program and research director for risks ethics and resilience at Chatham House and Amaka and kill head of the Africa practice at the Eurasia Group moderating the program as my co-host Ray Suarez Stay tuned for the 2nd half of our program when we'll hear from Jonathan Legard He's founder of drone port and an ass he will talk about how the combination of imagination and technology might help solve some of the most pressing problems in Africa this broadcast is made possible each week by the generous support of Chevron t p g and the Draper Richards Kaplan foundation and my co-host Ray Suarez guests welcome in 1904 in Berlin European powers met around the big table and they carved up Africa like a turkey even giving small marginal nothing particularly powerful or influential states a stake in controlling Africa it was a remarkable example of the audacity of being a 19th century European state but I thought a lot about the Berlin Conference as I prepared to do this program because I wondered with. What's going on in the 21st century a similar things are happening just without flags without currencies without sovereign actors without armies without colonial governments are there were still people ready to carve up Africa like a turkey Alex I think is much more nuanced than that so I don't think we're talking about 900 sentry pattern here at all and I think what you see the difference is that you have African states that are strong. The technical term is they have the agency and they manage this competition to their benefit and so you have all sorts of different countries using the interests of old powers but also ones that are reemerging and new powers that want to be involved in Africa to negotiate for themselves Eva for their elite interests or full for developmental purposes so it's a complicated we're not talking about one single. Journey we're talking.