Transcripts For KPIX 60 Minutes 20140714

Dealers. And as the fuhrer was accumulating power, he was accumulating thousands of art works, many plundered from jews and museums. When gurlitt died, his reclusive son cornelius inherited them. Did you have any idea he has so many paintings in that apartment . I tell you what nobody had any idea about this. Masters like matisse, chagall, and otto dix worth more than a billion dollars today. So, who do these masterpieces belong to now . Thats our story tonight. Im steve kroft. Im leslie stahl. Im morley safer. Im bob simon. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Even get through the day. So i was honest with my doctor. I told him id been feeling stuck for a long time. He said that for some people, an antidepressant alone only helps so much and suggested we add Abilify Aripiprazole . He said that by taking both, some people had symptom improvement as early as 1 to 2 weeks. I wish id talked to my doctor sooner. [ female announcer ] abilify is not for everyone. Call your doctor if your depression worsens or you have unusual changes in behavior, or thoughts of suicide. Antidepressants can increase these in children, teens and young adults. Elderly dementia patients taking abilify have an increased risk of death or stroke. Call your doctor if you have high fever, stiff muscles and confusion to address a possible lifethreatening condition. Or if you have uncontrollable muscle movements, as these could become permanent. High blood sugar has been reported with abilify and medicines like it and in extreme cases can lead to coma or death. Other risks include increased cholesterol, weight gain, decreases in white blood cells, which can be serious, dizziness on standing, seizures, trouble swallowing and impaired judgment or motor skills. [ terri ] since adding abilify, i feel better. Abilify and my antidepressant make a pretty good team. [ female announcer ] ask your doctor about a free trial of abilify and go to addabilify. Com. 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The entire air force chain of command of a missile base responsible for onethird of our landbased missiles was removed last march because of a scandal involving drugs and cheating on tests. As lesley stahl first asked after that scandal broke, whats going on . Why so much turmoil in the missile corps . Whos minding the nukes . And where are these weapons of mass destruction . Stahl flying over the plains of wyoming in an old huey helicopter, we came upon a small fencedin lot. It didnt look like much. Carl jones so thats it right there. Stahl air force colonel carl jones told us that, underneath the concrete near that white pole, theres a minuteman iii missile. Its one of the deadliest and most powerful weapons on the planet. So, is that particular missile armed right now with a Nuclear Warhead . Jones it is. Stahl the warhead on each of these landbased missiles is 20 times more powerful than the bomb dropped on hiroshima and could kill millions if dropped on a major city. The air force still keeps nearly all 450 of them on constant alert, ready to go. We thought the missiles would be hidden away on some vast tract of federal land. My goodness, is this a farm right here . Jones it is. Stahl we were surprised the missiles were close to rural communities. We saw bales of hay and herds of grazing cattle. Jones its a safe weapon. I mean, its not going to. Its not going to do anything here on the ground. Stahl if by accident or a deliberate act, one of those missiles was launched, is there a way to disarm it or bring it back . Jones no, we can only launch with direction from the president of the United States. Now, once that missile has gone, theres no way to recall it or disarm the warhead thats on the missile. Once theyre gone, theyre gone. Stahl the missiles are spread out over a wide area surrounding three air force bases in five different states. A web of underground hardened and pressurized cables connect the missiles to buildings like this, where the missiles are monitored remotely miles away in capsules 70 feet underground. The control rooms hang on shock absorbers within a protective shell of concrete and steel. The system was designed in another era, the 1960s, to survive a nuclear blast. We went down by elevator and were escorted to a door that weighs eight tons. Chaz demerath maam and sir, i would like to welcome you to. Stahl we were allowed to go inside, provided we use an Old Air Force camera and let Security Officials vet this footage. The socalled missileers who watch over and control the missiles work in teams of two on 24hour shifts known as alerts. They have everything down here they need to survive. We expected to find potbellied veterans at the controls. Instead, we found chaz demerath, whos 25, just three years out of the air force academy, and his deputy, dana meyers, 23. This was only her fifth time on duty. When they started this 24hour shift, they took custody of ten Nuclear Weapons. So i guess i have to ask you the inevitable question where is the button . Demerath where is the big button . Maam, there is no button. Stahl there is no button . Demerath there is no button. Stahl there are three switches and a key, which is kept in this strongbox with two locks on it. Demerath has one combination, meyers has the other. Its one of many layers of safeguards built into the system. Demerath even though we trust each other, we dont trust each other. Stahl aha. We thought the work would be tedious, just waiting for something thatll probably never happen to happen. But from nearly the moment we asked the question. Is this just boring beyond belief . Demerath it is never boring because we have so many actions we do every day. alarm beeping stahl alarms started beeping and the phones kept ringing. Demerath maam, i mean to ask all of you to remove all yourselves from the capsule at this point. Stahl so, is there anything wrong . Demerath nothing wrong at this point. Stahl we were politely asked to leave at least eight times, so they could decode messages or deal with other classified information. Okay, im back. The officers may be young. Demerath if you can imagine that as being your computer. Stahl . But the equipment is ancient. This, for example, is one of the computers that would receive a launch order from the president. It uses floppy disks, the really old, big ones. Before you got down here, you probably had never seen one of these. Dana meyers i had never seen one of these until i got down in missiles. Stahl the reason the air force allowed us to visit the missile fields surrounding Warren Air Force base is because it wanted to counter all the bad press its been getting lately at the two other bases that also guard our landbased missiles. Last year, 17 missileers at Minot Air Force base in north dakota were removed from duty after performing poorly on an inspection. At Malmstrom Air force base in montana, three missileers are under investigation for drug possession, and 91 have been implicated in a scandal involving cheating on routine tests. Jack weinstein i am flying back. Stahl Major General Jack Weinstein took control of all three nuclear bases in december, with a mandate to find out what ails the missile corps and fix it. Let me ask you a question whether theres, i guess youd call it an identity crisis with the mission as a whole. You have these Nuclear Weapons that no one believes well ever use, so do you find that thats an issue the question of whats the mission . Weinstein no, because we use these weapons every single day protecting our nation. Deterrence has a value. It has a value for our nation; it has a value for our allies. Stahl general weinstein commands a force of 9,600, including Maintenance Technicians who keep the missiles in working order, Security Forces that guard the weapons and provide a heavily armed escort any time the warheads are being moved, and about 500 missileers who man 45 control centers around the clock. The vast majority, the general says, have not cheated on tests. Weinstein were talking about 1 of the 9,600 people that work for me that did violate our core values. Stahl but when you say 1 , its not 1 of the missileers, right . Youre talking about everybody . Weinstein right. Stahl its a much larger percent of the missileers . Weinstein right. Its about 20 of the missileers. Stahl well, thats huge. Weinstein it is huge, and thats why weve taken accountability for those people. General weinstein also removed the directors of operation. Stahl on general weinsteins recommendation, the air force brass announced that the montana base commander would resign and that nine other officers under him would be removed. Weinstein told us investigators found no evidence of cheating at the two other missile bases. But thats not what our reporting found. You know, its interesting because we spoke to a lot of former missileers, and they just say cheating goes on everywhere and its been going on for quite a long time. Weinstein what we did was we look at the evidence. Whenever we saw a cell phone, whether it was a text message or an email, we investigated that. Stahl one of the people who told us about this cheating being endemic was an instructor at this base who left last year. Weinstein well, i will tell you that, as a commander, if i have any indication that people arent following our core values, i immediately attack the problem. And we have not seen this problem at the other two bases. Hands on keys and switches. Stahl the former missileers told us that the missile corps has long been treated like the stepchild of the air force pilots get all the glory. I agree. Stahl missileers have fewer chances for advancement. Were going to review the monthly lesson plan, and then were going to take a test. Stahl its said that the reason for the cheating is a culture of perfection where missileers have felt they had to get 100 on the tests they take three times a month or face no chance of promotion. We spoke to a group of current missileers at Warren Air Force base, including 26yearold Daniel Sharpe from tennessee. Why did people feel they had to score 100 . Daniel sharpe when i first came here, leadership that was in place told me that the minimum passing score for my test was a 90 , but if i was making 90s, i was a d student and i would be treated that way. Stahl but you actually were here under that 100 pressure yourself. Sharpe i was. Stahl and you felt the pressure and that caused stress, im sure of it. Sharpe absolutely. But it also caused a great deal of studying and a great deal of proficiency. laughter weinstein no one cheated because they had to, they didnt know the material. They cheated in order to get 100 . Stahl is that gone . Weinstein thats gone. Stahl so what replaces that . Weinstein well, right now, its pass fail. As long as they get, you know, above the 90 , which is the standard. Stahl wait, wait, wait pass. Its still pass . You fail at 90 . Weinstein yeah, its still at 90 right now. Stahl wow. How is that improving things . Weinstein when you take away the pressure of getting 100 on a test, you have people focused on what they need to know. I think it changes things. Stahl its one of a number of things the generals doing to boost morale, which, by most accounts, has been low for a long time, even at the top. Last year, weinsteins predecessor, Major General michael carey, was relieved of command for drunken and inappropriate behavior during an official trip to moscow. According to an inspector generals report, carey complained that his troops had the worst morale of any airmen in the air force. How many of you chose to be a missileer as your first choice for your military career . Two of you. Truth be told, the vast majority dont choose this job. This group was impressive they majored in physics, engineering, and english, and many are working on their advanced degrees. Weve obviously heard a lot about the morale problems. So i wonder what the morale problems come from. Clair reynolds well, it fluctuates. And there are times where it just becomes a grind, because youre doing so much in a short period of time a lot of times. And you just have to adapt and work with the schedule youre given. Stahl so it can be more than 24 hours . Jennifer leute of course, weather does impact how long we might be downstairs. If we have poor weather, especially during the winter we do get that a lot in these northern bases you might be down there for 48 hours at a time, or possibly 72. Stahl anybody been down for 72 . No . 48 . Yes. Yes. Yeah. Stahl 48 a lot of you. They told us they feel things are improving, and they also assured us there are many safeguards built into the systems of the Launch Control centers, or l. C. C. S, to prevent an unauthorized launch. Launch key inserted. Inserted. Stahl are any of you partners . Sharpe yes, maam. Lieutenant matuu and i. Stahl youre partners. Okay, just for the sake of this discussion, lets say both of you go bonkers. And you get the key out and you do. You switch it on. Will it go off . Sharpe no, maam. Melissa matuu no. Stahl it wont go off . Why not . Matuu because there are enable codes that we need in order to get the missile ready for launching. Only the president of the United States could authorize a launch of Nuclear Weapons. Sharpe and one capsule by themselves cant do it alone. Right. Stahl you would have to receive the codes to put them in . You. You dont have them when you go into the l. C. C . Sharpe no, maam. Stahl okay, well, thats reassuring. An important part of their job is monitoring the condition of the missiles. If they get a signal that somethings wrong, they ask for a Maintenance Crew to fix it. Oh, wow. The Maintenance Crews train on this missile that is virtually identical to the real thing, minus the rocket fuel and warhead. The systems are so complex, the technicians work off detailed checklists. Theyre constantly shouting twotwo. Twotwo, twotwo. Stahl . Because the rules require there always be two people keeping an eye on one another when they work on a nuclear missile. Twotwo, twotwo. Stahl the idea is to ensure safety and prevent sabotage. Twotwo, twotwo. Stahl sometimes, these minutemen iiis have to be removed rom their silos for repairs, or for random test launches without the warhead, of course to make sure the missiles still work. These missiles were designed and built during the cold war, when there was always the fear of a Nuclear Attack from the soviet union. But the secondincommand of all u. S. Nuclear forces said recently that hes more concerned about an accident or human error than a russian attack. Pelley when we come back, well tell you about some mishaps in the past that nearly led to Accidental Nuclear detonations on u. S. Soil. Cbs money watch update sponsored by lincoln financial, calling all chief life officers. Glor good evening. Angela merkel says the spy controversy will not affect u. S. German free trade negotiations. Swiss chocolate maker lindt is reportedly buying russell stover. And the trump plaza in Atlantic City is expected to close down this fall, the third casino to shut down there in nine months. Im jeff glor, cbs news. Hard it can be. How. To breathe with copd . It can feel like this. Copd includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Spiriva is a oncedaily inhaled. Copd maintenance treatment. That helps open my airways for a full 24 hours. You know, spiriva helps me breathe easier. Spiriva handihaler tiotropium bromide inhalation powder does not replace rescue inhalers for sudden symptoms. Tell your doctor if you have kidney problems, glaucoma, trouble urinating, or an enlarged prostate. These may worsen with spiriva. Discuss all medicines you take, even eye drops. Stop taking spiriva and seek immediate medical help if your breathing suddenly worsens, your throat or tongue swells,. You can get hives, vision changes or eye pain, or problems passing urine. Other side effects include dry mouth and constipation. Nothing can reverse copd. Spiriva helps me breathe better. Sfx blowing sound. Does breathing with copd. Weigh you down . Dont wait ask your doctor about spiriva handihaler. Hi, honey. Hows the camping trip . Well, kids had fun, but i think i slept on a rock. What are you doing . Having coffee. Ah, sounds good i thought youd say that. Ah. The best part of wakin up. Youre the best wake up to the mountain grown aroma of folgers. Is folgers in your cup pelley for more than 50 years, landbased Nuclear Missiles and longrange bombers have played a key role in americas strategy to deter other nations from using their Nuclear Weapons against us. But the age of the equipment is a problem, and human error is always a concern. Small mistakes, like a dropped socket, can mean the difference between routine maintenance and a major accident. We were not aware until we started researching this story how many close calls there have been involving Nuclear Weapons fires, plane crashes, fuel explosions, even a bomb that was accidentally dropped on u. S. Soil. The seriousness of many of these incidents was not disclosed at the time. But as lesley stahl reported in april, witness accounts and declassified government documents have given us a much better understanding today of how close we came to a nuclear disaster. Eric schlosser we came close on numerous occasions during the cold war to having our own weapons detonate accidentally on american soil. Stahl Eric Schlosser spent six years investigating Nuclear Weapons mishaps during the cold war. His book, command and control, describes a number of hair raising incidents. Clear stahl . Like a ocket fuel explosion in 1980 in damascus, arkansas, that forced the evacuation of People Living near a titan ii missile complex. Schlosser someone dropped a socket in the silo, and the socket fell about 70 feet, pierced the missile, caused a fuel leak. And then, there was a huge explosion. Stahl if that exploded, how come you say there was no detonation . Schlosser they put safety mechanisms in the warheads to make sure they only detonate over the target where theyre supposed to. And thats a testament to the engineering skill of the warhead designers and to good luck. Stahl schlosser says thats not the only time we were lucky. A few days after John Kennedys inauguration in 1961, an air force b52 like this one had mechanical problems and accidentally dropped a nuclear bomb over goldsboro, north carolina. Schlosser when it hit the ground, the firing signal was sent. But one safety switch prevented a fullscale detonation of a powerful Hydrogen Bomb in north carolina. Stahl okay, im kind of shocked, because i didnt hear that story ever, did i, until you revealed it . Schlosser well. Stahl was that made public . Schlosser there was a real effort throughout the cold war to deny that there was any possibility that a Nuclear Weapon could detonate by accident. Stahl todays minuteman iii missiles use rocket fuel thats more stable and less likely to explode. And theyve upgraded some key components, too, like the guidance systems that direct the missiles toward their target. Schlosser the Nuclear Weapons themselves, the warhead, the bombs, are much safer than they were 30 years ago. Theres no question about that. But the infrastructure, the equipment, what carries those weapons. Stahl the minuteman itself goes back. Schlosser . To the Nixon Administration. Stahl the Nixon Administration . Schlosser look at it this way if you got a beautiful sports car from the 1960s, it would drive really fast and it would be fun to drive. But a modern car is going to have so many more safety mechanisms that are so much more sophisticated. And the architecture, the command and control architecture is complicated and aging. Stahl how would you evaluate the risk of an accident happening, a human error kind of thing . Weinstein the probability is as close to zero as you can get. Stahl Major General Jack Weinsteins first job as a young airman was manning one of those Launch Control centers. Today, hes in charge of all 450 landbased Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles in the u. S. You have said that you sleep well at night. Weinstein thats a direct quote. Stahl some people would say you shouldnt be sleeping well at night. You should be constantly worried, because you have a very complex system here, and there are a lot of things that could go wrong. Weinstein the people that designed this Weapon System in the 1960s, even though weve made upgrades, are actually brilliant. And theres a lot of safety mechanisms built into the system. Stahl but during our visit to the underground control center with colonel carl jones, we got a glimpse of what the missile corps is up against. Take this enormous outer door designed to protect the corridor leading to the capsule. They cant close it because of a broken part, so its propped open with a crowbar and marked with a danger tag. We were told the door has been disabled like this for years. Jones many things in the capsule, in the equipment building, arent manufactured anymore, so we have to figure out a way to manufacture that piece, and see if the new piece will work. Stahl at a missile silo we visited, time and frigid weather had clearly taken their toll. The missile was being pulled from the silo for repairs because water had seeped in. Its probably the worst case of loose nukes in u. S. Military history. Stahl some Nuclear Weapons snafus have happened fairly recently. In 2007, six nucleartipped cruise missiles were loaded onto a b52 by mistake, flown across the country, and left unguarded on the tarmac. No one noticed for 36 hours. That led thendefense secretary robert gates to ask the air force secretary and chief of staff to resign. In 2010, because of a technical glitch, a missile squadron at the base we visited in wyoming stopped receiving electronic messages from the missiles it was charged with monitoring. Weinstein what happened was we lost status monitoring of 50 missiles. What we. Stahl 50 missiles . Weinstein 50, it was a squadron. What we. Stahl for an hour . Weinstein a little under an hour but. An hour. Stahl what word would you use to describe that . Is it serious . Was it dangerous . Weinstein i dont view it as dangerous at all, because of the safety of the Weapon System. I would call it serious when you lose status monitoring for that period of time. phone ringing stahl being able to communicate with the missiles and with others on the base is essential to a missileers job. So we were surprised to learn they were having trouble hearing what was being said on their phones. Meyers can you repeat that . Stahl what about the phones . Leute theyre awful. Reynolds yeah, theyre. Theyre not so great. laughter stahl what isnt great about them . The. Is it. What. Matuu just the connection. Stahl the hearing, or is it that you cant connect when you make a call or. . Leute its both. I mean, you cant hear the other person on the other end of the line. Sometimes, you cant dial out, which makes it very difficult if youre trying to do your job. Stahl just to be clear the president will not be calling them on the phone with his launch orders. They have other, more secure systems for that. But still. Weinstein it is an analog system, and when you have an analog system, there are problems. Were looking at upgrading that in the next few years. Stahl years. Weinstein next few years. Stahl not months . Weinstein no, years. Stahl and theyre using really, really, really old computers. I saw a floppy disc, and not a floppy disc that size. It was gigantic. Weinstein ill tell you, those older systems provide us some. I will say huge safety when it comes to some cyber issues that we currently have in the world. Stahl now, explain that. Weinstein a few years ago, we did a complete analysis of our entire network. Cyber engineers found out that the system is extremely safe and extremely secure on the way its developed. Stahl meaning that youre not up on the internet, that kind of thing . Weinstein were not up on the internet. Stahl so, did the cyber people recommend you keep it the way it is . Weinstein for right now, yes. Stahl a terrorist attack is also a major concern. This tactical security team. Move stahl . Trains constantly to take back a missile silo from the bad guys if they ever get in. Once the team enters the compound. Go go go stahl . And secures the site, they go down into the silo, fastroping and drawing their guns quicker than most of us can tie a shoelace. Lets go lets go lets go stahl the landbased Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, the icbms, that we saw are just one part of the Nuclear Triad that includes missiles on submarines and bombers. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that operating and upgrading all three legs of the triad is going to cost at least 355 billion over the next ten years. Do we need all three legs of the triad . Schlosser i think that the one leg of the triad that may be the least useful are our missiles. Stahl the landbased. Schlosser the landbased missiles are targets. The russians know exactly where they are. It puts the states where they are based at risk, whereas with submarines, theyre hidden. One of the things about a bomber is, if the bomber takes off with Nuclear Weapons and you change your mind, you can have the bomber come back to the base. And you cant do that with a landbased missile. Stahl the landbased leg of the triad do we need to have that . Weinstein i think its extremely important to have an onalert, 24 7 Nuclear Capability to protect our nation. When. I think we need to look at the problem set sometimes in the eyes of other nations. When other nations are upgrading their icbm force, theyre modernizing their icbm force, i think its extremely important that we provide the American Public with that daytoday deterrent value that the icbm provides. Stahl and thats the mission. Weinstein and thats the mission. Hands on keys and switches. Stahl we were watching the missileers practicing their procedures in a simulator. Mark would you like to do a key turn . Stahl . When one of the instructors offered us a chance to do a practice launch. It was simple enough to turn the switches. And in three, two, one turn. Stahl how many missiles did i actually launch, one or ten . You launched 50. Stahl i launched 50 . 50. Sharpe i would say everybody here would remember their first alert. You ride the elevator down, you go through those first two massive blast doors, and youre looking at the same console youve been training on for so long. But this one is tethered directly to ten Nuclear Weapons with status monitoring for an additional 40. And that weighs on you, absolutely weighs on you. Stahl we left the base more aware of the pressures these young officers are under, and hoping their superiors will get around to fixing those phones and broken doors. Pelley the air force tells us it plans to spend nearly a billion dollars over the next six years to upgrade those Launch Control centers and missile silos, and make other improvements to its nuclear force. The spending will require congressional approval. And now a cbs sports update presented by pacific life. At the john deere classic, 27yearold brian harmon finished atop the leaderboard for his first pga tour victory. Zach johnson finished second. Fifa World Cup Final between germany and argentina. 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The massive collection barely a fraction of the hundreds of thousands of artworks still missing was discovered in a munich apartment owned by Cornelius Gurlitt, the reclusive 81yearold son of one of hitlers favorite art dealers. Most of it was art plundered from museums and from jewish collections. For germans, it was an unwelcome reminder of a bitter history. To the heirs of the victims, its perhaps a last chance to recover a small vestige of family history. As we reported last april, the discovery also triggered a legal battle about who really owns that art. Did you have any idea that he had so many paintings in that apartment . Ekkeheart gurlitt i tell you what nobody had any idea about this. laughs really. How can you live with 1,400 paintings in. In a flat. A 90 square meter flat. I thought, maybe has a 100 or 150, but 1,000 . We are. Everybody was surprised, you know. Safer Ekkeheart Gurlitt is Cornelius Gurlitts cousin, a rather flamboyant photographer now living in barcelona. Gurlitt his friends were his paintings, right. And for the last 60 years, he was living with his paintings, which was his. His idea of life, you know. Safer of the 1,400. Gurlitt 1,406. laughter safer youve got it right down to the last one. Gurlitt i mean, its different if you have 1,400 picassos or you have 1,406. Safer picasso was just the beginning. Cornelius gurlitts secret hoard of art included modern masters like matisse, chagall, franz marc, and otto dix. Gurlitts small world fell apart in 2010 almost by accident. Traveling back from switzerland to germany, a customs inspection brought him under suspicion and triggered a tax investigation that would be his undoing. Willi korte they had caught him on a train with 9,000 euros in cash in his pocket, which made them suspicious. Then, they tried to look him up in their files and they couldnt find him. The man didnt seem to exist. He wasnt registered, he didnt pay taxes, he didnt receive any benefits. So the man just wasnt there. Safer willi korte is a lawyer who specializes in tracking down stolen art. Korte i can imagine the conclusions they drew when they saw this old man surrounded by hundreds and hundreds of works of art. Theres something very fishy going on. And maybe hes a secret art dealer. Maybe hes involved in some smuggling activities. There must be enormous amounts of money at stake. Safer it was on february 28, 2012, that agents from the German Customs police raided a fifth floor apartment in this nondescript building in munich. Its fair to say they were blown away by what they found 1,400 works of art, some of them worth millions. They also found 80yearold Cornelius Gurlitt, a virtual hermit, whos said the only friends he had in this world were his art art thought to be worth over a billion dollars. Art piled on shelves. Much of it, art the nazis declared to be degenerate. It was art taken from the walls of museums, and from jewish owned galleries and collectors. All of it acquired by Hildebrand Gurlitt, corneliuss father. He was a leading art dealer chosen by hitler to sell the art to customers abroad for hard currency. Much of it featured in a 1937 degenerate art show in which hitler wanted to show germans what he regarded as the decadence and depravity of modern avant garde art. Art historian vanessa voigt, a specialist in art of that era, was called in by police during the raid. Vanessa voigt i saw there Cornelius Gurlitt. He is an. A man who is ill. He was afraid and he. He didnt speak. Safer cornelius sat stunned as agents went through his apartment. Did he say anything to you or to the agents from the government . Voigt no. He. He was really shocked of this situation, i think. In this apartment, there were no people for. For many, many years. I think there were perhaps an art dealer, but. But no one else. Safer did he seem to be sane . Voigt yeah, he was. Safer his cousin says, after cornelius father died, he never allowed anyone into the apartment or his crumbling house in salzburg, austria, where he kept a collection of 238 works of art of immense value, like this painting by monet. Gurlitt he gave him the whole collection of. Of these paintings as inheritance, right . For. So, to. To survive. So every time cornelius would run out of money, he sold one of these paintings. Safer almost overlooked among the cache was a small drawing of a piano player by the german romanticist carl spitzweg. It is a drawing Martha Hinrichsen has spent the better part of her life trying to track down. The nazis had confiscated it from her grandfather, henri hinrichsen, along with his entire art collection. Before the gurlitt collection was discovered, had you pretty much given up hope . Martha hinrichsen i was absolutely stunned. I wasnt expecting anything like that. Safer during the raid, agents found gurlitts fathers records from 1940, which revealed details of a sale of four works once owned by her grandfather. The sale was really theft by other means. Hinrichsen never received the money. In 1942, he was gassed at auschwitz. Hinrichsen legally, it was a sale. Morally and ethically is another question. Safer but with the seller having no choice. Hinrichsen exactly. Safer another painting gurlitt had was two riders on the beach by max liebermann, now valued at more than a million dollars. David toren, now 88 and blind, left germany on a kinder transport days before the war began. He last saw the painting at his uncles home in breslau just before his father was arrested by the nazis. Both parents were murdered at auschwitz. David toren there came two guys from the gestapo we have instructions to take you to gestapo headquarters. That day, i remember every little detail. I was sitting in the anteroom at the Winter Garden and looked at the picture, and that was the last time i saw that picture. Safer toren had been searching for any trace of his familys art collection, but all he found was a 1939 nazi inventory that mentions the liebermann painting. Toren the letter says that the action to confiscate art owned by jews has been very successful, but theres still some rich jews left. And the first example, he mentions my uncle. And the letter ends with, i want the jew, david friedman, not to dispose of any of the art objects until we come back. Safer after the war, the allies art Recovery Unit the Monuments Men found and returned millions of artworks. They also found Hildebrand Gurlitt hiding out in this bavarian castle owned by a local nazi party leader. Inside were hundreds of treasures hildebrand and his young son cornelius had hidden. Many more were apparently stashed in hiding places all over germany. The Monuments Men took some of his paintings, but they let him keep most of his collection, did they not . Korte thats an unresolved mystery, i think, up to this day. He was able to produce one story after another about how he had acquired these before the war, and for reasons that i have a hard time understanding, he got away with it. Safer among the artworks in that castle was david torens uncles painting. Hildebrand gurlitt told the Monuments Men it was a gift from his parents before the war, and that painting, like most of the others, was returned to him. Did he feel any. Did he feel any guilt working for the nazis . Gurlitt im sorry, but he had to survive. So what would you do . I mean, this is. This is just a thing. What. What would you do . Safer but was he as innocent as he claimed . Voigt most of these artworks were stolen, i think confiscated from jewish families or stolen, yeah. Safer Hannes Hartung and tido park, two lawyers who have represented Cornelius Gurlitt, say the sins of the father should not be visited on the son. Hannes hartung Hildebrand Gurlitt wasnt completely innocent. Thats. Thats for sure. And now, there are cases we will deal in a fair manner because, you know, under german law, morality has nothing to say. This. No, im sorry to tell you, but the german law, its a law which. Which has not been made for the horrible outcome of the third reich and all that happened. So now, what we are talking about now is about morality and how to deal with moral responsibility. Safer german law puts a 30 year statute of limitations on stolen property, so the works, by law, remain the property of Cornelius Gurlitt. As for the art itself, authorities wont explain why they kept the discovery a secret for nearly two years. How strong is the governments criminal case against him . Tido park they really dont have a strong case. They pretend to have a case because they have, of course, to justify the seizure of the whole collection. Safer right now, the collection is in the hands of a task force, which is examining each work for evidence of looting. Ingrid bergreenmerkel heads up the task force. Uwe hartmann is the chief researcher. He says, even as germany was collapsing in 1945, the nazis were dutifully recording the art thefts. laughs why did they keep these records of the evidence of their own crimes . Ingrid berggreenmerkel you mustnt throw public documents away. Thats what they learned in. Thats what they did. Uwe hartmann thats the german gruuundlichkeit to. O do his duty. Berggreenmerkel yeah. They werent allowed to. Hartmann until the last day. Safer the task force is initially examining 590 works as potentially looted from jews, starting with this matisse which was looted from jewish art dealer Paul Rosenberg in 1941. Beyond the. The minutiae of legality, theres a larger question and thats the moral question. Berggreenmerkel 80 years after hitler took over, 75 years after the synagogues burned in germany yes, we know. Thats the moral obligation. And we take it seriously, very seriously. On the other side, there are the laws. Safer so youre not making judgments. Berggreenmerkel no, we are not a court. We cant. We mustnt. Safer but you could still recommend. Berggreenmerkel mr. Gurlitt told me when i talked to him, he said, whats whats been taken away. What had been robbed that was his words has to be given back. Safer Cornelius Gurlitt says the collection is rightfully his and that his father did nothing wrong. But he says he is willing to negotiate. What a lot of people might wonder is, theres nothing to negotiate here. These paintings either belonged to german museums and should go back to those german museums, or to jews who owned collections and were forced to sell them. Park mr. Gurlitt is absolutely willing to find fair solutions. But what we need, of course, is clear evidence. Because we have some letters addressed to mr. Gurlitt saying, oh, look, my grandma had a specific painting 70 years ago in her living room. No evidence, nothing. Safer as for Martha Hinrichsen, she has filed a claim with the task force, but has little confidence shell ever see her grandfathers drawing. Hinrichsen quite honestly, i dont believe in my lifetime, because i think this is going to be a long, long battle. Safer Cornelius Gurlitt died in may. Shortly before his death, he agreed to return any paintings found to be stolen to victims families. The rest he left to a swiss museum. Why did hitler fear modern art . Morley safer explains. Go to 60minutesovertime. Com. My name is jenny, and i quit smoking with chantix. Before chantix, i tried to quit. Probably about five times. It was different than the other times i tried to quit. 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