On her watch me and Mark committed the gravest of international crimes genocide if a fall from grace is been hard to take in so too is her choice to defend in person an army she doesn't control but travelling to the Hague to stand up for the country has been a popular move domestically in a predominantly produced country where a hinge of Muslims a widely despised senior Democratic Party aides say 2 articles of impeachment against President Trump will be unveiled on Tuesday these are expected to focus on the beauty of power and obstruction of Congress. Police in New Zealand are investigating the deaths of tourists in a volcanic eruption on why Thailand's offices say there are no signs of life and they've given up hope of finding any of the 8 missing people alive Simon reports the deputy police commissioner John Timoney said the investigation would look into the circumstances of the deaths and injuries at White Island and that it was too early to launch a criminal investigation many questions have been raised about why tourists were allowed near such a volatile area given the previous warnings about volcanic activity there Mr Kim said 8 bodies were still thought to be on the island covered in ash but that conditions have been too dangerous and unstable for rescuers to go there to recover them the World Trade Organization is facing a crisis in its capacity to settle international disputes service charges are due to return on Tuesday and the United States has blocked all replacements the u.s. Policy has been escalated considerably beyond President Trump is under Walker settling trade disputes is one of the w.t.f. Main functions with a dispute panel makes an initial ruling it's not binding if there's an appeal for the forseeable future the Appeal Court won't be able to operate so if a country does appeal the dispute is simply on resolved the us has refused to allow new appeal judges to be a point. Did that reflects a longstanding concern that the dispute system has in effect created new trade law however president trumps administration is the 1st to be willing to make it so difficult for the dispute system to function well news from the b.b.c. . Environment and finance ministers are starting to arrive at the United Nations Climate Summit in Madrid and they're concerned that the country is chiefly responsible for carbon emissions and refusing to act on the most important issue of the summit cutting greenhouse gas emissions only the European Union looks poised to set out more ambitious carbon cutting targets France is preparing for another day of disruption and protests in the dispute over President in memo McCombs pension reforms for a 6 day there are strikes on the railways in Paris only to metro lines are working normally and most have bourbon routes down the United States Treasury has imposed sanctions on a former Army commander and a businessman with close links to the Cambodian prime minister Hun Sen. Former Joint Chief of Staff has been targeted for his allegedly corrupt ties to China through property development is also accused of using Cambodian soldiers to force people off their property. George Laura the American engineer who developed the barcode has died at the age of 94 the marking made up of breakdowns in a 12 digit number can be found on almost all products in western shops tell us Havilland reports it was while working as an electrical engineer with i.b.m. That George Laura fully developed the barcode later he would recall how in the early 1970 s. Grocery shops faced mounting costs and a labor intensive need to put price tags on everything the barcode along with a scanner that Laura also developed meant fewer pricing errors and easier accounting the 1st product scanned in Ohio in June 1984 was a packet of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit chewing gum it's now on display at the Smithsonian Institute what is Lee George Laura said he continued to marvel at watching Clark's as he put it dipping the stuff across the scanners Charles Havilland and that's the b.b.c. News. Thanks for the news Hello welcome to News Day with Lawrence and Conny We'll start in The Hague in just a moment we'll also head to New Zealand and to India in just 48 hours also and now the voting begins here in the United Kingdom today we'll look at what young voters make of the campaign and how significant their vote for the if you want to get in touch you got for us the b.b.c. World Service on Facebook and Twitter or you can send us a text or whatsapp message just before 778-6955. Ive me on my has been taken to court on charges of genocide against the minority Muslim population and thanks to cheat will attend the International Court of Justice to lead her country's defense yes the Nobel Peace laureate is defending charges of genocide the i.c.j. In The Hague is in effect the United Nations World Court not for individuals it's kind of country versus country and the case is being brought in Italy by the Gambia on behalf it says of all countries concerned about genocide in a surprising move on sank Suchi herself is going to be in the Hague she doesn't have to but it's apparently going down well at home being seen as defending the homeland also in court will be our next guest international lawyer Philippe Sands who has written extensively as a historian about the origins of the concept of genocide and who is also the legal counsel among them for the Gambia the cases brought under the $948.00 Genocide the 1st post 2nd World War human rights treaty which commits its parties to present and to punish and genocide and it gives to the court that convention in Article 9 the palace for the International Court of Justice result disputes and what's acted in this case is that the Gambia. In the view that is engaged in genocide against certain members of its population their role in that route. That it has the right under the convention that is to bring proceedings to the Hague and to ensure that men mark its obligations under the convention ultimately no sanction against them though there is no police force that compulsion them and if the aim is to try to help their hidden job what help will be brought by a distant legal case well I mean you've got to go to the period before the 2nd World War there was no such international convention if individuals or groups were being targeted by their own countries there was absolutely no place to go what governments decided after 145 years is that it was time to change that and so it's absolutely right there isn't an international police force but what there is the principle traditional Going to the United Nations which is the international court and what it has the power to do is over time in this case give the judgment what is and is not happening but in the meantime the phase that's going to occur of the next 3 days is called a provisional measures phase where Dandiya has made an application that in the period before final judgment is good that many as you can do nothing further to harm its Rohingya population but that's kind of a statement of opinion isn't it or a sort of a desire again either is there nothing enforceable in this I'm John just trying to get to the practicalities of how you're hoping to help let's all well it's firstly significant because the decision if the court orders provisional measures those will be legally binding so as a matter of international law men will be compelled to comply with them but it could have other consequences as you know there are other proceedings International Criminal Court and also in some domestic courts in Argentina for example if the International Court of Justice rules that this is going on in the measures have to be taken that these genocide lights have to stop that will have to trickle down consequences the hope has to be and the expectation is that if men mom. Yet such an order it will comply with the right it inadvertently This is also giving and Sang Suu Kyi and her team a fear in which many analysts think they will boost her election prospects next year for standing up firmly for her country having done nothing wrong a position which is reason we've extensively heard on this program is actually very popular in Myanmar is that not an issue with if you like the feel of the occasion you end up actually helping the people who are accused Well you know one of the things when you're acting as counsellor. You focus on the legal issues and issues you've raised a broader political considerations which are like outside my knowledge my experience and my direct interest what significance of today is the International Court of Justice for the need to search Martin Well there are cases alleging genocide the previous 2 cases were in relation to Bosnia and Croatia in the Bosnia cuz of course the court ruled that Serbia fails to present genocide from occurring amongst other places actual permits and that has had significant consequences in trickledown consequences it is a legal thing and a lot of people will be watching it and it's part of the slow steps towards the rule of law in international relations and that's international lawyer who's going to be there in the court in The Hague the International Court of Justice facing and sang Suchi and the representatives of the Myanmar government. I've got out a couple of days to go till the general election in the United Kingdom we'll be bringing you special coverage off the results here on News down Friday morning yes you got it oh yes looking forward to all the reasons that you did well last night the B.B.C.'s Question Time programme held a special debate for people aged $18.00 to $30.00 Lucy morale is the associate director at the polling company Britain for. Igs So what do we know about young people and how are they likely to vote so when we look at those aged under 30 labor is far and above the most popular party for this age group but what's really interesting actually is that the polling data is suggesting that quote from Labor has cooled slightly amongst younger voters compared to the 2017 election so in 201760 percent of those under 30 voted Labor Well the Parle polls are currently sharing this around 51 percent intends to do the same this that So what's changed their mind. And say qualitatively in focus groups what we're hearing at present things is that they just doesn't seem to be the same levels of support and excitement a buzz around Jeremy Corbyn as the leader of the posse in this election as we were hearing amongst younger people in 2017 that really just seems that that's really interesting because the Daily Telegraph a newspaper here in the United Kingdom leads with this headline it says the germy Corbin could win without gaining a seat the reality the conservative says is that Jimmy Coburn is much closer to becoming prime minister than many voters realise without then the majority support of the young voters via So it's interesting in terms of the polling more generally I'm is that as we've seen throughout the campaign so far the conservatives have maintained illegal labor and at the moment that lead is it's around 10 percentage points and so it is looking likely that the conservatives will win out one outright majority on Thursday but with caution it is still to play for and a move in just a few percentage points could result in a hung parliament so the effect is really important in that sense and it could be really significant on Thursday that the key is really going to be 10 out marks that so it's Ok so it's all the young vote is I think going to be voting mainly on the issue of Brecht's it all of the issues. More important to them that's really interesting actually look younger of a to say Rex It is as important as young of 80 says it is other audiences but one thing that makes young of 8 is quite different is how much they care as high as the environment say 42 percent of those under 30 use the environment is one of the top issues that they see is facing the country today and that's 15 percentage points higher than for the country as a whole say for many young writers actually this upcoming election may be just as much a climate election as it is the press election as it's being billed quite popularly by everyone now right very briefly talking about priorities young students departing for their holidays around this time it isn't said what about what about that being an issue yet turnout is the hardest thing to critics relations the effects and it's going to have a major impact so we know that younger people are generally less likely to vote and it's promising though that voter registrations among young people are up compared to the last election that it really doesn't necessarily mean that people are going to vote on the day that's associate director of The Polling Company Britton thanks Lucy Morrell quarter past the 3 heads sporting business the headlines Myanmar is being taken to the International Court of Justice to try to stop its persecution of the range of minority Democrats are to publish their articles of impeachment against President Trump later on Tuesday and New Zealand Police investigating the deaths of tourists in a volcanic eruption we've got the sport now Matthew Kenyon really for Arsenal fans really for Freddie Ljungberg there standing coach a $31.00 victory over West Ham United ended their run of 9 games without a win last night but he pressure on Hammers boss Manuel Pelligrini in the English Premier League arsenal at tonight's West Ham just a point above the relegation zone Russian President Vladimir Putin denounced what he called a collective punishment for the banning of Russia by the World Anti-Doping Agency on Monday it does seem certain there will be an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and we've talked quite a lot about. Portland Saudi Arabia in recent days haven't we because of the focus on that country brought by the world heavyweight title fight between Antony Joshua and Andy Rooney's Jr last weekend lots of criticism around Saudi Arabia's human rights record and claims of so-called sports washing in other words using sport to improve a nation's reputation or obscure criticism elsewhere so it's noteworthy that to go for Rory McILROY has said there is quote a morality to his decision not to take part in a European Gulf Tour event due in Saudi next month translating Matthew Kenyon many thanks indeed business now and I often hear that there are said to be 5 stages of grief a party there's even more stages of power outages in South Africa and that issue is back load shedding systematically switching off various regions in South Africa so everyone has to do everything by candlelight will buy in is here until a small yet Lawrence has such a nice euphemistic word isn't load shedding it basically just means being plunged into darkness usually regular Yes all because of the beleaguered state power firm a bit of a regular of this slot with its monstrous debt it's moved in by its slightly chaotic standards to an unprecedented level of disruption this week what they're terming States 6 use a load shedding $6000.00 megawatts of power being taken off the electricity grid and it's causing major business disruption as well as an inconvenience he said Freudian resound Africans energy analyst Chris Yelland in Johannesburg told me just a moment ago what it means is that. Which is off $6000.00 megawatts of load and it Rick takes this so there is not one customer that is switched continuously but that we all feel pain on or occasional basis. As the stages increase from stage one which is $1000.00 megawatts getting up to a stage which is a 1000 megawatt so people and businesses and spec trees and consumers experience longer periods of low chatting and more frequently but is really economically devastating for the productive economy yard bat because we hear already we've seen press. Leases coming into us here in the b.b.c. From various of the big mining firms for example China having to pause or stop operations but I imagine that the other end of the economic scale if you run say smooth shop you've got anything in a free agent got a tail that works electronically want to take car payments it must be impossible to run your business it is many businesses including a publishing business that I operate when Tell sales you literally cannot operate unless you have your own. Power and of course this is what people are doing it's really a productive investment in the sense that it doesn't enable you to create more production you just get able year to continue your production costs so this has implications for jobs for insulation for the general economy a nuke the weary South Africans like yourself Chris are quite used to these load shedding as this even mystically called black rolling blackouts over the years but it feels like this one is more serious as you say it's reached uncharted territory does it mean that the response from the government now needs to be unprecedented We are waiting for government to take action fast. County g.m. Magine your fellow said Africans dark humor pun intended doing the rounds on on Twitter this morning one of my favorites God said Let there be light and Eskom turned around and said no only we get to deal that out when we change. There's another one 0 what's the difference between South Africa and the Titanic when the Titanic went down the lights were on. And the band was still playing and I suppose that string so I guess they could deal strings no amps no exactly I remember rolling power cuts in Britain when I was a lad there was a big mine a strike an r.n. B. Used have to get the local paper and I wanted to watch and of Green Gables on the b.b.c. And I had to check out where there was electricity so whether I could watch it at home or ride my bicycle across town to where my grandparents put it on the telly and 14 this is 10 years of this and it's no. Because of a strike and it sees no sign of some updating it on stage 6 it's gone up too many thanks indeed we'll buy in with the business so that's business and sport this is News Day It's 20 past the hour and I want to go to New Zealand next where the police say they believe there are no more survivors from an eruption on one of the country's most active volcanoes what Kerry also known as White Island 5 tourists have been confirmed dead but at least 8 are still missing offices say that they will investigate how the deaths happened the b.b.c. Danny Vincent joins us now from the town nearby want to police saying Danny. That's right earlier today the police made a statement after a press conference they said that they were planning originally to see conducts a criminal investigation to try to get some clarity over what actually happened here yesterday if Since then they've backtracked they said that no longer looking into creating a criminal investigation but ordinary investigation they want to have some of the details. And to have a better understanding of what exactly went wrong now the community have been pretty shocked by this tragedy. Originally this was being described as a rescue mission by the authorities this morning the prime minister described this simply as a recovery operation that means that the authorities are not confident that there are still survivors left on the island and there was some good news some people were rescued What's the condition off those survivors can you tell us. That's right there were members of the various tools that were rescued. Yesterday after these large clouds of ash spewed up into the air they were rescued now taken back to New Zealand mainland and since then many have been taken to hospitals across the country but the authorities of also warned us that many of the the patients have been suffering from severe burns. Ns and it will take them considerable amounts of Sciences make a full recovery do we know Downey who the missing are any any indication as to who they might be where they're from. Well what we do know is that there are around $20000.00 tourists that come to watch Ireland every year it's one of the fact it's the most active folks in New Zealand to support a tourist destination and it attracts tourists from all around the world we've been told that they're all Americans and Germans and Australians and New Zealand has and of course they're also you'd see British people the. Present on the island at the time or off to the actual. You know is that this is something that affected the local community here but it's also going to have implications much wider because there will be family members and friends all around the world looking for more news to find out what happened and I'm the lucky ones absolutely what's the mood like in the town way you know. The people I've been speaking to are quite surprised of course this is a small town but many people actually rely on the tourist industry now I think that people are aware that they're living very close to x. In Volcano many people who have visited the business of the volcano and it became somewhat normal saying whites smoke being pumped out at normal levels at your insurer seasons but nobody expected to see a tragedy like this on this scale I think that the prime minister is all skiing Chichi says that there are many questions that need to be on Sid's because some people are questioning why a group was allowed to even visit this island. When it was you know potentially dangerous thank you very much that's the B.B.C.'s Danny Vincent there speaking to us from New Zealand. About a controversial bill that's passed the lower house in India it's aimed at granting citizenship to religious minorities from neighboring countries who are fleeing that's controversial because it means in effect that India would provide refuge to Hindus Sikhs Buddhists Jain and Christians fleeing Muslim majority countries in the region like Afghanistan Bangladesh and Pakistan but you won't qualify if you're Muslim and fleeing the Indian government led by the Hindu nationalists be j.p. Says the bill will give sanctuary to people fleeing religious persecution from its neighbors but many of its opponents suspect there's more to hide it I've been speaking about this with Rudi to worry who's the news editor for the print new. Paper in Delhi I began by asking if the bill would go through the Upper House as well well from what it looks like right now yes it does have a good chance of in the Upper House to be chippy in fact which is a ruling party the party agenda but it does not have the numbers in the out just like the Just as you say it the law house which has a very handsome mandate in the upper house it doesn't quite have the numbers but as far as the situation seems right now without. Enough of other parties outside its own for fulfilling to support the bill and so from that point of view it does look like it will go through in the Upper House also remember it's not a constitutional amendment it's a simple been so it only requires a simple majority right citizenship Amendment Bill cold what he's being the motivation for bringing it forward because obviously we know there's a lot of suspicion of the motivations of why the government is doing this but why have they brought this up as an issue is addressing an issue that's a big electoral issue is it a big promise or what this is being an underlying promise of the b.g.p. For many many years it's been a part of that but a party's manifesto in several elections for the last couple of decades in fact if not more on its doing is fulfilling what it has promised see the beauty of these promises and tightly based on a majority unhindered agenda that's how it came into in the 1990 s. And that's how it has made itself an event in the country's politics and this fits right into the den because it's all misses citizenship to the few G.'s one ought. To be deeply believes in the idea of one hole in the isle but it also considers he was in neighboring countries a spot that's old and this is entitled part of that So essentially he was from Pakistan and got a son in Bangladesh. Also considers them to be and wants to get there of course from the b j p defend it they sort of make what appears on the surface a very reasonable point actually why is anyone complaining about this to say this isn't totalitarianism we're not a fascist state we're actually reaching out and offering help. People who are fleeing persecution So how does the argument then turn to this somehow targeting the existing Muslim minority population the existing population in India look if it was entirely about just helping all goes well you didn't need bring countries and why don't you have the same tools for talking yes you know what's happening to them in one much so but just because you don't fit into your scheme of politics this does not apply to yes it's going to lead this is that this is an argument that he is not cutting it with anybody at all sort of bearing in mind the political background people can make their own conclusions about the motivation can I ask about the society issue that you raised when you spoke to this program earlier about the position of didn't use who were coming into as some another part of India who aren't being welcomed so it seems old that you know the element here of of sort of confusion in West sympathies lie just tell us about what's going on in Assam look so Assam has had an ex Nick conflict since the 1970 s. Meticulously after the sun walk which led to the liberation of since then a lot of immigrants from Bangladesh illegally came into a sandwich became a political and social issue it's a very delicate issue because there was a lot of this in men too it's outsiders but this resentment as I pointed out earlier in the morning was against outsiders not just against Muslims so that that issue wasn't a diety economic issue it has now become a community issue it's what is Egypt beast politics it's got so why does become a problem in Assam is because they don't want anybody was not done with them to get citizenship they don't get of their He knows an option which is why there is so much resistance to the citizenship that's really to worry news editor for the print newspaper explaining the controversy behind that rather complicated bill being pushed through parliament by the b j p a m I'm going through the Lower House expected as he was it was explaining to pass in the Upper House I think well and you're back on Friday there will be back on Friday Yeah that's right with Matthew who says he's offering light relief during the election I think most of us will be very interested in the sports news always say what I can conjure up for Friday morning in the meantime we've got Wednesday and Thursday to go to. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the u.s. Is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio contact a.p.m. American Public Media with support from one drop providing a new way to manage diabetes that can help lower your blood sugars in just one month at Wal-Mart Apple stores and get one drop dot com. If you have a donor advised fund to manage your charitable giving now is a great time to use up some of those funds with a year end gift to k.p.c. See get into the spirit of giving by making a gift from your donor advised fund whether you can afford to give $20.00 or $1000.00 your gift will power the k.p.c. C.n.n. P.r. Programs and breaking news they keep you and your community informed learn more at Katie si si dot org slash d n a s f. There are $5000.00 euphemisms for the wood period the subject is still cloaked in shame in silence leaving many young girls stricken with FIA when they 1st period arrives and to that the high cost of hygiene products which forces school girls who can't afford them to stay at on the conversation you hear from an activist in Tanzania who's created affordable be usable sanitary pads and an Indian entrepreneur who's comic book makes conversations around menstruation easy b.b.c. News read Jerry Smit the International Court of Justice in The Hague quo shortly begin hearing a case accusing me of genocide the country's de facto leader on sound Suchi is in the Netherlands She is expected to argue that the court has no jurisdiction. Several people have been shot at a hospital in the eastern Czech city of Ostrava police say 6 people were killed and 2 seriously injured the suspect described as a man in a red jacket is on the run. Police in New Zealand are investigating the deaths of tourists following a volcanic eruption on White Island 5 people are confirmed dead local media reports say one woman who is thought to be missing has been found alive in a nearby hospital though she's suffering from serious burns. Chiles military is searching for a cargo plane that went missing on a flight to a base in Antarctica 38 people were on board the aircraft is presumed to have crashed in the ocean. Negotiations at the u.n. Climate summit in Madrid step up again today as ministers start to arrive at the talks several nations have blocked attempts to introduce deeper cuts to greenhouse gas emissions a female employee of the Swiss Embassy and for learn care is facing a 3rd day of questioning by police who are investigating her claim to have been abducted and interrogated for several hours Switzerland backs her account. The Us Treasury has imposed sanctions on a Cambodian former army commander and a businessman but links to Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen Western countries have stepped up pressure on her and certain of his persecution of the opposition Democratic Party officials say articles of impeachment against President Trump will be published today it's thought he will be accused of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress b.b.c. News. This is the conversation the program with an all female perspective I'm Kim Jack and it's and each week I have a candid discussion with 2 women from different countries who have a shared profession passion experience today we are talking about underflow crimson wave Shark Week code red that time of the month when it comes to various We prefer euphemisms to talk around them and not about them and that and E.'s isn't just about language consider any advert for tampons or menstrual pads and help period blood is often obliquely illustrated with a mysterious blue liquid despite menstruation affecting 50 percent of the world's population the topic is still shrouded in silence and shame which has real consequences from young women being left unprepared and surprised by their 1st periods to others being an able to go to school because they can't afford to buy sanitary products my guests today are on a bold crusade to change how we talk about them and how we deal with them d.t. Gupta is the co-founder of ministry Pedia and organization that aims to teach young girls about menstrual health and hygiene using a website social media and a comic book I d t Welcome thank you so much I am so glad to be here and I love how you introduce periods. And you see what is the co-founder of women's choice industries the organization which is based in Tanzania produces affordable and reviews of all sanity tells for those who can't afford them you see Welcome thank you so much Carol I'm glad to be here to talk about this wonderful topic when the film now prior to getting your 1st period at d.t. Had anyone told you what and menstrual cycle was or what to expect and not really I wasn't getting a hint that it is something with studios that is going to happen to me because my. Cousins the stars would be you know often meaning these excuses that I cannot go to the temple because I'm not feeling rarely are I have in my here and when it was had internet would come on the television the challenge was quickly changed and then we would ask what is this about we would all be a story that you would come to know about it as you grew up so I was having a hint that this is something which is you done for me and this is going to happen to me someday Woodward it is about I don't know and even if I did not know about what beaded sad but I knew that you don't have to talk about it I do this much I knew that this is something to be not spoken about the case is a veil of mystery around it all you see what did you know personally concerning periods I knew the biology part of it that I was taught in class since I got to my periods when I was informed 3 from 3 is what age I was 16 years in from 3 in a boarding school in western Kenya and my teacher had introduced something about girls having the periods but my family I never knew that members of my family were having periods My mother never talked about it my sisters my cousins nobody ever talked about periods what I had about Peter's was the issue in class so nothing totally about what to expect how to go about it or anything of that quite as you just knew the theoretical aspect of things exactly Ok so then Lucy when it did happen what you remember about that 1st day well this is a memory that it's always as clear as it happened yesterday because it is an incident that I can never forget it was in class when I was asked to answer a question being the confident little girl that I was and I was confident that this is a sound that I can answer I stood up to go into the break sound that was written on the board and as I stood suddenly started giggling in class murmuring and the girl sat immediately behind me asked me to sit down because I was soiled and that's when I looked at my scarred. And I found that it was already sold with blood so I was embarrassed I was frightened I was shocked and I found myself running out of the class from where did you run to what did you do you remember I was in a boarding school so as I ran out of classroom I was headed to the dormitories you know my mind had to work these things really quickly like what am I going to do I think I'm starting my periods but I'm going to the Dimitris it should be locked I do not have sight I tell us all the same what am I going to do so along the way I had a quick idea take this pair of white socks that was hanging on the line it was a fellow students pair of white socks and that's what I took and ran to the toilets and used it as a pad Well hold on there we'll talk more about the practicalities had they come way of not knowing what to do but it's easy to Lucy has an indelible memory of that 1st day what was it like for you when you got your 1st period so the 1st time I got by Peter's I remember that day again very you know very similar to Lisa I would never forget that that 1st day of menstruation mine was not as adventure it is as a Lucy his. How old were you at the time to really as the doctor talked about menstruation you know our textbooks in India that came in 2 years after I started menstruating Ok And what did you use in terms of products I had to use rags and wash them and reuse it again but not because that we couldn't afford it because I have easily afford it and my parents make sure that I get the best of the fence and it is but because of the taboo the question is not who will go buy the senator in acting because the store you know and some 20 years back at the store which would sell senator a napkin on the counter the guy would be dismayed person and I lived in a very small town so everybody knows everyone and because ministrations that I would nobody goes by and sanitary napkin even if they are available Wow So you see in your case you had improvised the new socks that 1st day but what was the long term solution what then did you turn to so I to. My bed shit and then I toyed into pieces which I used as a cloth bag but having no idea about clothes or any kind of sanitary towel I used it and when it was field I had to throw it out so in the evening by the time we were leaving the class in the evening I was ready soiled the whole of my behind and the whole chair was like I could raise one leg and see blood on the chair practically saw I left all my classmates to leave the class and that's when I took my sweater and tied it behind me and I went to the dormitory and when I went to the dormitory I say no I'm not going to class again I went to this school dispensary told the NASA that I'm sick I'm having severe abdominal pain and I didn't tell her that I'm having my periods did she know she suspects she must have seen several similar cases no she didn't suspect a thing in fact I went there fade very severe abdominal pain she only asked me if I am maybe having their a or a fever and I was treated actually it was given medicine and then I spent all those 5 days in the dispensary until my periods ended that's when I was able to go back to class and I was struck by what you said that the sanitary pads were of a level but no one wanted to go and buy them and so you using rags at the time yeah so I think what I meant by rags would be used in a cart and plot usually or look like a lot I don't really think that using garden plot is have any problem but the problem was how we treated them because if there is a plot which is sold in menstrual blood and when you do is washed and men menstruation is senior So in the plot itself is seen in blood and then you deal with it you know read that it is an impure thing which means that you know you have to hide it and then dry it so if you're hiding menstrual cloth and drying it many a times it is not dried in a direct sunlight if you do not use true story. Inside the house because we considered it highly MMPI Our So we would stored it in a dark damp place in the bottom somewhere or somewhere where be stored our shoes so because of that infection I used to get because of the unhygienic ways we treated the menstrual clot so that is something which was quite problematic for me and women in general in my family and it is how long were you using these clots for till the time when I was 15 I was using it after 15 I had to move to a different city to study in a God's house was that there was no place where I could wash the cloth bad or a you know dry them I mean secretly So this was the 1st time I saw a girl using us an intern Afghan and she told me Do you know that you can use one of these and I used to vent to the school having a bad on my beaded and I cannot bear you how amazingly dried I felt I almost forgot that I'm on my beat it and from then I started using bad though why you could go on by Sen an act in this was in Ranchi is because in runs you nobody knew me and the store medical store from where we boarded it gave us our you know kind of a benefit of anonymous Well one of the things we come up against when it comes to talking about here is the many myths and misconceptions that are all over the world I'm from Zimbabwe and I know there's one myth that you can't be near livestock because the livestock would somehow go barren and I'm wondering you see in Tanzania what are the some of the things that women are not supposed to do when they are menstruating well here in Tanzania a lot of dogs dogs dogs whenever I gets her period and one of the things that you're not supposed to do is to go into effect a table farm because they believe that the Vega tables will wilt they will dry up another thing is that Gus not allowed to cross the roads during that Peter's because they believe that you are Peter's will get Tavia like. The road you period will get heavier will get heavier or I haven't heard of our lives so most of the girls you find that during the periods especially in the towers in the urban areas somehow it is radios but mostly in the rural areas even going to school becomes difficult God may have a means of taking care of herself but that belief of that if you cross that roared then your periods will get heavier is another problem over it see you what are the myths in India in India I think there are so many myths that are there so fundamentally if you consider something impure or are going on how to beat it is imbued So then she cannot go to the temple she cannot worship anything that she touches becomes in b.r. Or you know she can art that anything holy so in the bizarre minutes we have in India she is always asked to stay away from boys and that kind of gives a rise to a lot of Midlake one of the bizarre meant that I heard from Goddess of class 9 here in goods right was that goes toward that the boys would reap them if they know about menstruation So it's not about a lack of education per se not lack of education and not lack of how well you do you are from the family of my work has been very much with the more than people and governments that I come up with would be from the class only Ok let's move on because I want to talk about another obstacle which is the sheer expense of sanitary products you see how much does a packet of Santry pads cost on average in Tanzania. On average we have more sanitary towers going for $1.00 to $2.00 but we have scientific towers going for up to 5 dollars 5 years dollars Ok Ok these 2 what do you girls who can't afford to buy these what do they use instead in the community that I've worked with and I've talked to them most a large percentage of the girls use odd pieces of cloth rugs and we also have like in my community in town here where we stay we farmers of sites all we farm you know the plant and their own fibers that end product of the plant so some gas used fibers we have other communities that use dry sand like during her period would have to see it on sand or sleep on sand and later collected to bury and we also have communities that use backs of trees that is a specific tree that has a softer back which they take and pound after it is pounded you leave each dry so you prepare each and during your periods you can use it we have the pastoralists communities that use animal down mostly cow dung but they also use downs from other wild animals like the buffalo down and the elephants down but does that not work because it's been done for thousands of years is a not an effective solution not it doesn't work because it limits the woman and the girl during a period like when you are using the scientists have to be grounded they're not designed I was thinking more about the bark you know the back it is course after your power needs then it becomes somehow fluffy and thicker but then it is really course that you cannot move around you cannot go about your duties it is not comfortable if it can easily drop out it can leak so this is something that has lead me to a lot of girls and women during the periods that they have to be grounded to cite a specific place as make maybe in the kitchen in their bedrooms in their home state and not go beyond that just for the fear of staining yourself and embarrassing yourself in the community and if you heard some really compelling things from Lucy there how significant is pay. Poverty in India you know is not very different so there are defended dollars that are available on how much percentage of women use sanitary napkins some of that he does see that you know only 20 percent of girls and women use senator napkin and then video recently there was a date I would game from ministry of human health and they said that about 50 percent of the girls and women do not use an intern app what they were that he dies but the number then becomes very large even if it is 50 percent it comes to millions of girls and women not having access to hygiene agrees off many years you see could you just talk a little bit more about how this thing affects girls' education generally that assures that young girls in primary and in law countries levels they perform really well and sometimes we are proud to say that it's better than the boys but as they go high at the level of their education then their performance goes down I don't believe that women get more stupid or fully as they grow older but why is the girl's education dropping as she goes up the ladder of education for those who are lucky to go up the ladder of education because some of them drop out altogether and we have looked into this issue and realize that girls are hindered by their periods a looking at the school register for the schools that we have worked with and the one school is in this is a school where I was lucky to get one of the peace cops volunteer who was working there and he reached out to me and we started talking and conversing about the issue of Peters in performance of girls in his school and he admitted that Gus in the form one informed 2 normally perform better than the boys but once they go into Form 3 then they get absent from schools their performance generally drops and by the time they reach their 4th form then no guy in his school has ever recorded a pass like they all know a girl who. Records of us has ever recorded a past in that school think it if he wanted to say something yeah I cannot agree more with Lucy that the girls perform in starts reducing as they reach Class 89 and 10 and I think she's saying Form 3 in front 40 is similar to what we see in India so let's see if a girls get out beat it aged 12 and as they move higher in the studies their self-confidence becomes down their self-esteem becomes r. And I can say this because 1st of all I can affirm this because of my own experience but we also have data to support this not only girls performance comes down also what extracurricular activities blower's on but on an extreme level what is happening is that one 4th of the girls in India 23 percent of the girls miscues doing menstruation like how Lucy said and many of the girls drop out of their schools doing puberty because puberty means that a girl has reached section make Gerrity so I gave you these examples where girls were afraid that the boys would rape them then their menstruating think about how afraid the girls are to come to school millions of was actually in India drop out of school when they are on their periods what happens because of this when you do not complete your education and you drop out of it before bachelors and you are more prone to as a goal to child marriage if she is more prone to child marriage she is more prone to North having her say when she would have her 4th child that you know imposes an adult reproductive health issues with her so this is essentially a damaging domino effect that comes with this yeah it's completely Yeah it just why does the gender equality all together mean because then the girl would be falling victim to systematic gender based violence because then she is not. So one if the girl studies that affected her entire life is being affected and it is happening because of this natural biological process because of it by the baby all exist because of the. Absolutely Lucy if you want to wrap up quickly on this Yes I wanted to say more on that that you know as a closely need society in Tanzania when a girl they begin their periods in school and when she has to get permission from the teacher probably most often they say that they feel unwell in that last to go home and they will always be escorted home by another girl who maybe the following day would be like I cannot go to school and leave my friend you know suffering I will go home and stay with her try to talk to her keep her company and seems one good turn deserves another Also when her friend will be missing school during her period she will also go around and keep her company so you find that this issue does not only affect a single girl at that particular time it affects our whole you know line of girls it's like an effect that ripples out to other girls as well in the community on the conversation we're discussing periods 50 percent of the world's population have them every month for around half of their lives but we still remain tight lipped and when it comes to talking about them my guess is not to special interest in us in Tanzania and d.t. Gupta in India d.t. What made you personally question the period myths you'd been told I think it started because this was the 1st time I decided to talk about menstruation to a male person and that is to my co-founder at menstrual and also my husband the same we were starting at the National shoot of design realize that if we being so well educated we're not informed about menstruation and we come from a very fairly educated family there would be millions of girls out there who would be ill informed we saw it more like an communication design problem because we've got ingenious we studied complex science concepts and technical concepts but this biological concept of menstruation is somehow not communicated to people and and that is why there is this taboo and that is this misconception. Acts cool it is not talked about so this was a complete you know project when we started the level of our Van Ness why white people don't talk about it what is the human behavior that we are going to address and we decided to address will tell us about Mr Pedia What does it look like how does it work so Mr Pedia is a comic book it is meant for a goddess of 9 years and above right now it is available in all Indian languages and we are locally printing the books in 5 different countries apart from India it has full characters to the story and the narrative we talk about growing up body positivity we talk about the place from a few minutes to it and the place from a t.v. Unit in it are 2 different places you try and vaginas are 2 different places then we talk about nutrition nutrition is very important because anemia is very common as girls reach puberty then we talk about the fuselage of menstruation then died biologically of menstruation and that is kind of helps us to change the perception and additive about the topic then we also talk about how a girl can do to mind her next. Because that is science inside our bodies and then also how to manage her p.d.s. So we talk about sanitary napkin we talk about a lot and how to use them with hygiene so that is there and because of all these things then girls are able to debunk the myths that they have and how valuable it is Mr Pedia walking with over 6000 schools the book set up a pot of their goody Columb along with this we also have trainers guide to Tina's guide is doing an amazing job because in India every $23000000.00 girls are reaching puberty and to reach them and to teach them about menstruation and the right age it is important too to just change the whole visit that this boss to a girl when it comes to p.b.s. And for that be a learning is very important now what has happened is that seen young. Beating younger girls about menstruation and that is something which makes me very happy and hopeful about the future actually what we are doing is that we have a reason a generation of models so India's gods will who are informed about menstruation and the right age would ignore semen station as. When they become mothers they are not going to fall for the same myths and on going to bars this traditional knowledge of the world we see a cycle would be broken so that is what about doing the dates are becoming a trendy dopy in India to talk about a lot of things that are happening lawyers are coming and fighting cases in high court to allow women to enter temple and holy places and women are demeaning those cases and judgments are being biased in favor of women so all these things are happening and we had a very exciting time right now where we are kind of changing the landscape of how India senseis menstruation you see you decided to tackle the issue of period poverty head on by developing and sanitary productive that's cheap and usable What's it made from I wasn't going to tell us I made from locally available 2nd hand of materials that we can secure from the market after our research that we did we finally settled on 3 materials we settled on the on a fleece and we also have a mead flat or telling material and lastly we put a waterproof material at the bottom to prevent the leakage and we snap it to hold it onto there and away I saw that it does not drop it is breathable it does not smell it does not cause irritation on this skin and then it is strong and durable site that you can reuse it for a long time so that it saves the cost so you see what is the name of your product our products are called Salama parts Salama is a sort heli word for safe it is safe and you see how does your products compare to the disposable ones on the market this is the cheapest solitary time. That is available in the market what interns Anea and in East Africa as we have looked into their market because it's only cost you 2.2 dollars and these 2.2 dollars you can use it for up to 3 years so that's $2.00 u.s. Dollars per packet Yes there is a lot of talk now about being period positive and I wonder d.t. In New own life and business how that applies for example do you have in your workplace policies that allow women to be honest about being on their periods and having to take time off if they have complicated or difficult periods Yes So we have a beaded leave policy one day off menstruation is a leave and we make sure that happens you see or you period positive in your workplace and what does that look like in a lot of places yes you know this is the place where you can talk about peers and be comfortable about it but in my workplace women normally are free to take their leave for periods so far we only have one lady who normally has problems during happiness and it is not she does not come into work during her period she can just call in but any other past for all those that we are working in at this particular time we do not have a problem but I am taking this this consideration of having a period policy and we are going to put it down to be known for all that that's periods are seen as being very much a grow women's issue but they are more cool to engage young boys and men to involve them in the conversation do you think that's a good idea and how do we do that yes and I'm so glad you asked me this question so Michael found out he has just 2 brothers so his mother kept this phenomena such a secret that he did not know what menstruation are and I remember the exact time and the exact expression of his when he knew Dad Peter's outside your discomfort physically do many women don't do me it was hard on me or discomfort and he does me why did not my mother told me this I could have held her back so do you know this is that you. No it's not a woman problem I think it's a human problem is aside a problem but more than that it affects men because men are surrounded with women they love all the time with their mothers with their daughters with their wives it's important and that is why this next book that we're working on which is a book on boys be ready we have a separate Japp they're on washer boys know about menstruation Lucy and d.t. Thank you both very much for coming on to the conversation thanks so much because of what we've been talking about periods without which there would be no humans on the planet My guests have been Lucy would be were the co-founder of woman's choice industries which produces affordable and reducible Senate retells in Tanzania and a d.t. Group to the co-founder of Main Street Pedia an organization that aims to teach young girls about menstrual health and hygiene in India we're back again next week with more great guests till next week I'm Kim check and it's a. This is listener supported 89.3 k.p.c. C. Pasadena a community service of Pasadena City College 90.38 Coachella Palm Springs 89.5 k. J a I high and 89 point one here you are reading the community service of the University of Redlands discovery on line there k p c c dot org. Next time on take to California state assemblyman Chad Mays of Yucca Valley has been a lifelong Republican but the last time we spoke he seemed to be wavering today there are 2 political parties in the country there are Democrats and there are Republicans I wish that there was a 3rd way but today there isn't Chad Mays did finally find the 3rd way back to explain how he came where to stick to we. Point 3 clear b.z. . After the news its people fix in the well with me. Getting the right support. Can be hard they can make a huge difference to how you cope with the trauma and it can really improve the chances of convicting the attacker says half Africa has set up one stop centers where people can go to report to write and get the help they need and Office 2 kinds of services to make sure that their reps was physically healthy and then a forensic examination to gather the necessary evidence they also have specialized section offenses courts everything's designed with the victim in mind the person who was sitting with me treated me like her own daughter she comforted me every time I cried and asked me if I needed anything we look at the difference the system is making some people fixing the well after the b.b.c. News. B.b.c. News Hello I'm Gerri Smit the International Court of Justice in The Hague is today hearing a case that accuses me i'm are of genocide of its range a minority the country's de facto leader the Nobel Peace Prize winner on sound Suchi is in the Netherlands to lead the defense the case has been brought by the Gambia is justice minister Boubacar Tamar do said our sons who choose role was traveling she used to be a source of inspiration on the war and it is disheartening to see how take a position which is now in defense of such such a horrible crime the crime of all crimes son Suchi is not expected to speak until Wednesday when she'll argue that the court has no jurisdiction and the mayor was targeting wreckage of militants more than 700000 Muslim or Hindu or fled me m r in 2017 following a military operation that the un concluded included systematic rape murder and torture. There's been a shooting at a hospital in the eastern Czech city of Ostrava 6 people have been killed in the attack which took place early on Tuesday morning the suspect is on the run reports say he opened fire in an outpatient department. Police in New Zealand are investigating the deaths of tourists following a volcanic eruption on why it's Hyland 5 people are confirmed dead and officers say they have given up hope of finding any of the 8 missing people alive Sharma reports the deputy police commissioner John Timoney said the investigation would look into the circumstances of the deaths and injuries at White Island and that it was too early to launch a criminal investigation many questions have been raised about why tourists were allowed near such a volatile area given the previous warnings about volcanic activity there Mr Kim said 8 bodies were still thought to be on the island covered in ash but that conditions have been too dangerous and unstable for rescuers to go there to recover them Chile's Air Force and Navy are searching for a military cargo plane that went missing on a flight 200 tons ago with 38 people on board.