Transcripts for KPCC 89.3 FM/KJAI 89.5 FM [89.3 KPCC] KPCC 89.3 FM/KJAI 89.5 FM [89.3 KPCC] 20191108 080000

Lead to the release of thousands of prisoners including the former president Luis are not suited to Silver Katie Watson reports Luna is the man who divides Brazil and said this decision will of course split the nation knew his lawyers say they'll seek immediate release of the former president who's been in prison since last April after being sentenced more than 12 years over corruption as yet there's no timeframe as to when Lula could be set free but as many as 5000 other convicts could also benefit from this decision the prominent New York based author and journalist artist to Syria has question to move by the Indian government to strip him of his overseas citizen of India carte Mr to say yes it was hard not to feel that he was being targeted for a critical profile Livy Indian prime minister that he had once written earlier v. Indian authorities alleged Mr to Syria had failed to disclose that his father was a Pakistani national This is the world news from the b.b.c. . An earthquake overnight has killed at least 5 people in northwest Iran media reports say at least 120 people were injured and several dozen houses were flattened when the shallow 5.9 magnitude quake and aftershocks struck Azerbaijan province a confidential u.n. Report is said to accuse Jordan Turkey and the United Arab Emirates of regularly violating the arms embargo on Libya it reportedly says forces from Chad and Sudan were also involved but with less impact the reports by u.n. Experts seen by the French news agency a.f.p. Says that both sides of the Libyan conflict receive weapons technical support and foreign fighters the billionaire businessman Michael Bloomberg is strongly considering entering they're entering the race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination he's expected to file paperwork this week ahead of a deadline for the Democratic presidential primary in Alabama our correspondents John Sopel reports from Washington so far this is only a single term entering the water but it's a significant one the presence of the former New York Mary multi-billionaire would satellite the race for the Democratic Party nomination last night a spokesman for Michael Bloomberg explained the thinking we now need to finish the job but ensure that Trump is defeated he said but he went on Mike is increasingly concerned that the current field of candidates is not well positioned to do that the politician closest to Mr Bloomberg centrist outlook is the former Vice President Joe Biden but his campaign appears to be fading genetic research on the it happened survey intern Rome has revealed the extent of the Imperial capitals changing cosmopolitan make up d.n.a. From more than 100 human remains has revealed for at the height of Rome's influence 2000 years ago migrants from the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East predominated That's the latest b.b.c. News. Like that news Hello welcome to News Day with Ben James and county and a couple of stories we'll talk about this half hour Spanish people heading to the polls on Sunday for the 2nd time this year also tiny robots tiny and the diameter of a human Pam will explain in a little while here on the stump and stamp out racism and try harder to make football an equal playing field for men and women that's the message from the Women's World Footballer of the yet Megan Rapinoe an interview with her coming up. But 1st a student from a Hong Kong University who fell during protests at the weekend has died in hospital Chad say log file from the 3rd to the 2nd floor of a car park as police cleared the area on Sunday night but the exact circumstances aren't yet clear and meanwhile 2 prominent activists in the pro-democracy movement are appearing in court Joshua one and Agnes chaussée ced charges of unlawfully organizing a public meeting outside police headquarters on the 21st of June just spoke to this program. Called for the activists who were already locked up in prison. Before their sentence offered they were already in the situation of Remonde inside the cell and if more and more activists secreting. It will just tricker more and more people anger and this contact the b.b.c. Stephen McDonell in Hong Kong gave us more details on the situation death of this student was blown everything else out of the water I mean this 22 year old university activist of the some reason fell from a car park suffered serious brain injuries and went into a coma and days after the doctors tried to save him has now died as already creating ripples in the cities on standing now. The hot of the mind shopping area in the central 5th of a little calm there in the Central where buses and trams have stopped because activists are blocking this my ride the train is impromptu protests and memorial gatherings after this student died and as I said we don't know why he fell but he was in another on the 3rd floor of a car park is the right place for approaching far into gas that he's somehow rather fall in and what's created a lot of banks here as the paramedics say to the 19 minutes to reach the students a lot of out of the weekend as activists gather at that car park where this student fell and there will be an investigation in she the circumstances around that will be trust in the investigation from people involved in the protest movement while this is the problem only and it depends who conducts the investigation it's just put outside to stop them being vandalized and there's been 5 months into this no sign of this on stopping as I say when leading up to the local elections in 2 weeks and there's talk of them being called off and if they pass by and I think Mike things was the b.b.c. Stephen McDonell reporting from the streets of Hong Kong. Hundreds of people have gathered on a remote Mormon farming community in northern Mexico for the 1st funerals for the 9 Mexican American women and children killed in an ambush by gunmen alley this year Mexican soldiers guarded the entrance to Lemoore a village as dozens of vehicles from u.s. License plates arrived I spoke to a 100 hope he's a security analyst in Mexico City and I started by asking if the authorities were any closer to solving this mass matter not really the version has been put forward by the authorities that this was a stake that a gang known as lean yellow would choose basically a military wing of the Juarez cartel somehow thought that this convoy one man and children were a member so rival gang known as your solace out of. Debt version has been contradicted by the facts on the ground it seems that at least one of the women that were these cars are got out of you go and give you the. To fight herself really it make the point that they were not viable government so why that is still a question of the countries is supporting itself no one really know them or if the family of the victims are claiming that this was a that direct attack on them that might be the case but it's still not quite clear why were they targeted I mean this family have already suffered a tragedy they can go to all the brothers were killed by drug gangs and about 1213 years ago a son of this same family was getting up anyone looking into this case would be curious about the fact that debt that it's already being called a case of mistaken identity because number one they were targeted before and number 2 when you look at the security forces now outside their home it means that this family seems to be in the line of the being deliberately targeted what would be your analysis yes indeed this family had received federal protection over that gate they were clearly a target for his crime so I don't know why he jumped to a conclusion that this was a mistake in that case but the thing is this specific area where the murders took place had not been particularly violent in the past you actually look at statistics this municipality where the massacre occurred had recorded exactly 3 homicides a repast 30 years before month so if this a turf war what are they fighting for it might be a drug route towards war but again it type not being the subject of a war between rival gangs in the past and that was a 100 hope a security analyst in Mexico City this is news day on the b.b.c. World Service with Ben Jane. Yes And Conny sharp our top story as you've been hearing Hong Kong democracy activists have called for marches vigils after a student died of injuries sustained during recent protests let's get the sports headlines here's James Gregg minute turn in full for Manchester United a book that place in the knockout stage of the Europa League last night after a 3 no victory over Serbian side partisan Belgrade the Scottish champions Celtic also progressed they beat the Italian side 02 goals to on the web problems with supporters after the game they were clashing outside the ground Cameroon starts the will power Athletic Championships be marred by visa problems competitors were forced to rush from the Apple just to make their events you can hear all about the championships on sports today here on the World Service later on all blacks Sonny Bill Williams will be paid around $6500000.00 u.s. Dollars from switching from you Ruby needs a rugby league by joining the English Super League side that's around say Wolf back on a 2 year deal and Meghan Rypien no cats in the u.s. Women's soccer team to victory at this summer's World Cup She picked up awards for best player and top goalscorer along the way she was then given feet his best trophy for the best women's player standing alongside her male counterpart Lino Massey the B.B.C.'s Eleanor Opa sat down with Meghan Rippy now in San Francisco to chat to the athlete and activist about racism in football equal pay and sexuality in sport but 1st how about all those accolades that's quite surreal to be honest it's a little strange I think going through you know most of my career and then kind of at the end of it becoming this player you know performing the way they did in the World Cup It's a little ole stranger a primetime. This is well documented that your involved in this book a Dispy with us from now you're quoted as saying that you now know you know what I wonder what point do you feel you came to realize you know I must. I mean honestly we still probably undervalue herself I would say whatever you you think you're worth you're definitely worth more than that don't settle for anything less go for equal go for more don't accept any of these sort of antiquated and frankly b.s. Answers there's been such a lack of investment for such a long period of time so any direct comparison to the many sports of the men's leagues is just like holy unfair so until we have 'd equal investment and over investment really because we've been so under surfer so long we're not going to have any sort of meaningful conversation about compensation and revenues and t.v. Viewership. Maybe. Some of the stories that have inspired be most you know. And. Their incredible performances on the field but the way that they've taken on the disgusting racism that they have to face this year but probably for their whole lives. For us in the saying it's not just down to me to speak out about that when everyone you know if ever there is like an instance of racism if every single player on the field is not outraged then to me they're part of the problem and they're not doing enough it's very topical for us at the moment in the recently paid. 2020 is that they were stopped twice because you know race is a beast Now area have been told that they have to pay 2 games behind closed doors one of which is suspended and fined 65000 pounds I wonder do you think the sanctions are tough enough and then for me I'm just like make it super extreme. So it's so damaging to the team it's so damaging to the federation it's so damaging financially and for the fans who want to go watch the game so then it's affecting everyone $65000.00 is an absolute joke now in the u.k. They're on. A male professional. I wonder what would your message be to any players who feel that they're not able to be a good about their sexuality 1st and foremost we're seeing you and for you and you know eventually hopefully it will be you know the environment we differ will be different where you feel like you can come out what you think is going to take you to create a kind of a shift in the game. So it's so hard I think that we you know as. Obvious as a society but I think the leagues and the organizations and the team need to do a much better job of setting that environment and the president prior to the player coming out because clearly they don't feel comfortable coming out there or not feeling safe or secure in the u.s. Soccer star Meghan Rypien I was speaking to the B.B.C.'s Elena Roper Now let's turn our attention to Disney because the fur the firm released the its latest results overnight and the company's had another year of box office dominance it's a remake of The Lion King which topped 1000000000 in sales in the past 3 months Suzy had to counter the numbers yet not lots of numbers the revenue up 34 percent and schools had to move the $19000000000.00 profit a down though the company's been pouring cash into its own streaming services called Disney plus and it is next week in the u.s. And 3 months off and here in Europe designed to rival the likes of Netflix remember it also runs a huge theme parks business think Disneyland in Paris in Tokyo we've been hearing from Hong Kong this morning and interesting Lee The company said that Disneyland Hong Kong could take a $275000000.00 hit if the protests that continue now let's bring in Tim Mulligan He's a director at Media Research He started by telling me why it was so important for just need to get into the street market we are now face who choice media powerhouses are transitioning into becoming 10. Powerhouses the big media players have to move into the space to maintain the viability of their businesses in the digital era now Disney hasn't been a meeting from the ongoing protests in Hong Kong has it so no the fame park business is impacted by this and let's remember that the parks experiences and Products segment of Disney is the largest single revenue generator for this media powerhouse and the implications for a potential loss for the Hong Kong theme park is less one of what it does to the bottom line it's more one about what it does for the opportunity costs for does need to be able to consolidate its global position as a media powerhouse and Disney's had a pretty interesting relationship with China hasn't it it has. Business 1st foray into direct to consumer it was a service called Disney life so Disney Live was a app available on smartphones it was actually forced to remove access in the Chinese market by a Chinese regulators Disney is increasingly dependent upon Chinese revenues but also how's an increasing challenge of being able to go direct to consumer in that huge market to Mulligan their c Thank you you listening to news day on the b.b.c. Let's talk about a story ahead of us this weekend voters in Spain will head to the polls on Sunday you might think I've heard that recently well is the country's 2nd general election since April the 4th in 4 years acting prime minister Petra some chance he's socialist gain the most seats in the previous ballots and thence the votes in September after failing to secure enough parliamentary support. To form a government now after months of fractious negotiations in place equal turmoil spawn is hoping to break the political gridlock I've been speaking to me Go and show my daughter I know he's responded journalist and author Well the main issue of course is Catalonia. Attempt by the consul a nationalist to the cleric dependence and how that pans out. And also the economy as it is becoming more and more important because of the signs of a possible economic turndown But but I think the main issue really is the difficulty of forming a government itself in politics and this inability of the parties to form a coalition is what he's done in a timely debate now so the socialists last time when the nice seats but didn't get a majority or unable to team up with another policy to form a government is it just the case that none of these policies want to work with any of the others in the mine is exactly the case partly because there's no tradition of coalitions least not at the national level in Spain and then also it actually boils down to the personalities of believe us. We have to have been blessed with figures that leaders who really don't want to share power and this has been clearly the problem more than ideological reasons for centuries could have have formed a government with a far left possible they're much to the left or to the right they could have also formed a coalition with the centrist party to Sparta but neither the socialist and all those 2 possible coalition partners were interested because these are new names some of these politicians vanish politics compared to a few years a guy with a Vox polities Well we've not mentioned yet how has that presence change the shape of things in Spanish election. Well the hopeful was that it would change for better because we had a 2 party system and people thought that time has run its course that. We needed more parties that win either precisely this option to have different political questions that Spanish police was to sue much dominated by these 2 big parties but the rest talks of the small side party system we have now is a very good we had this paralysis stuff for 4 years as you said rightly for elections in 4 years this is unprecedented in Spain and the reality is that people are becoming more and more wary of these new multi-party system on the other hand those actually need to be. Fond of it because they continue to vote for these parties all the parties and. The government is small fragments of them never be new elections look like it's going to change thanks to journalist me again I'm sure Murat will cover those results as they come into us here on News Day on Monday now when we think of nuclear waste images of disasters as they spring to mind like the meltdown of for example all noble in the reactor there but dealing with radioactive waste is also the biggest challenge facing any new power pounds so is there a safe way to remove and tear up this toxic waste Well scientists in Prague have developed tiny robots to clean up nuclear waste with promising results we can find out more I spoke to. Professor of Chemistry and the director of the Center for functional nano robots in Prague so what's the difference with these robots then the difference is that those are literally robots are much smaller than the. So if you lined them hundreds of them they just cross diameter so it's actual titles that can go in the ground and will do until mostly so it's like. James Bone. Well that's that's the difference that's that's incredible So how would they work then so they cover themselves from the environment so they're like bacteria so they just eat whatever they set around them and they move and they are specially designed to trap you are human so they move to the ground they move back because like them and therefore if you don't have to pump and they sink from the ground so down just completely different than normal imaginable these are some small you know parts and wheels and so they're completely different Ok just describe just insight into how just just how small are they so what would you compare it to so I would compare it to red blood cells so in so basically So size or smaller so you sell it but still in your body it's about 100 off your head diameter so it's very tiny you cannot see them by very tiny said then how who and who will operate them and just explain to us the technology behind this so basically the technology is out in the muscles they are actually programmed chemically like bacteria to go and move and basically we can then collect them by applying magnetic field so they can sense the magnetic field and they come back to the source of magnetic field so that's that's that's basically where things them kind of alternate out to the most programmed devices which are so tiny as a bacteria so it's basically like a fish or bacteria yet so how do you feel tested and where have you tested them has it done a key not. Yet not tested them on the on in the laboratory on. Of course both of which are from nuclear waste from actually from my think because in my country mining industry issues related to you are you mind mining so there's also baseball to that so we've tested some of this type of mortars and they've work it's 96 percent efficiency which is huge you know so that's not the case sounds great sounds from saying that there's a lot. Amounts of radioactive waste that humans don't want to go to there's always a fear isn't there that robots are taking over but this is one job I suppose that a human's would feel grateful that they'd they don't have to go because they all suits that the human beings where that don't protect them said these a specifically designed to clear up only uranium it's out specifically designed to clean up only you not because these are going to clean up basically any 6 other projects which we can even use it for mining for example so that's another completely different areas that we can design them chemically you know one type will devices for this type of devices for another toss So this is by design but it's designed by us that's in there professor of chemistry and the director of the scent of full functional nunna robots in Prague this is being used a while back on Monday stay with the b.b.c. We'll seventh's for all your latest news updates its buy from me and goodbye from May we'll switch you can see. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the us is made possible by American Public Media with support from the allies or Craig Bergen the small batch bourbon allies are Craig Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey Bardstown Kentucky 47 percent alcohol by volume think wisely drink wisely and Progressive Insurance with a name your price tool offering a range of coverage and price options to choose from now that's progressive more at progressive dot com or 1800 progress. Hello k.p.c. Listeners this is Bruce Lemmon from unheard l.a. a Live storytelling show that travels around our fair region so I start seeing a therapist and a magician and a guru and a wise woman and a tarot card reader and a hypnotist and a rake in a sham in a month like this season we're getting is North Hollywood Little Tokyo Claremont and Torrance and on Nov 16th we'll be in North Ridge for the last show of the season and heard l.a. Real people after 5 are steeply at k.p.c. Dot org slash unheard l.a. . On the scene in just a few minutes that's quite hard isn't it to. Trying to eat the place I am playing. I'm Emily Thomas and on the food chain this week I'm asking whether we can eat away out of our packaging pollution problem square that edible rap is a gimmick or a kind of a solution to a major environmental issue join me after the nice. B.b.c. News with David Alston democracy activists in Hong Kong are calling for marches and vigils to mourn a student who died of injuries sustained during recent protests the death of charges look came after a week of growing political violence in the Territory eastern Australia is being swept by wildfires many of them raging out of control more than a 1000 firefighters have been deployed to tackle a scenario of unprecedented danger lawyers for the former Brazilian President Lula da Silva say he must be freed immediately after the Supreme Court voted to end the mandatory imprisonment of convicted criminals after they lose their 1st appeal who is in jail for corruption thousands of other convicts also stand to benefit an earthquake in northwest Iran has killed at least 5 people overnight reports say at least 120 people were injured and dozens of homes flattened in the quake in East as a by John province the billionaire businessman Michael Bloomberg is strongly considering seeking the Democratic Party presidential nomination Mr Bloomberg spokesman said the foreman New York mayor felt that the current field of candidates was not well positioned to beat Donald Trump next year a confidential un report is said to accuse Jordan Turkey of the United Arab Emirates of regularly violating the arms embargo on Libya it reportedly says forces from Chad in Sudan were also involved but with less impact the New York based author and journalist uttered to Syria's question to move by the Indian government to strip him of his card showing he's an overseas citizen of India Mr to c.s. That he felt he was being targeted because he wants her to critical profile of the Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and the rating agency Moody's has downgraded its outlook for India from stable to negative. B.b.c. News. Welcome to the food from the b.b.c. Well. I'm Emily Thomas and I'm about to take a bite out of something I usually avoid. It's going to have a taste. I mean that's quite hard work isn't it to. Trying to the plate I am. Not a tanned is a Polish company called by a trap which makes biodegradable plates balls and cutlery from which Brown it's applied but actually the. Future. Using it as a marketing tool you say it's fun to be at the plate I don't think I'd have much fun trying to be the whole plight if you. Mention that you are on the party you have food on your plate you're talking with people sometimes people just smashing the part of the plate and just using that as a. I'm just going to check with my producer I can have what she's making of this calendar experience Michael what do I think. If you do you know. I case that it may not exactly. But it doesn't need washing up because it's faded comprises fast. Much quicker than a paper which could take years to break down. In the side I'm asking whether the Vuelta can eat its way out of its packaging pollution problem I'm going to find out how edible products are being used to say and wrap our fate and how this might change the way we eat and shop. One 3rd of the food in the world is lost or wastage according to the United Nations whilst packaging prevents some of that waste increasing. Life and protection fade from being damaged or spoiled during transport much of it is made out of materials that can take decades or even centuries to biodegrade filling up landfill and caulking operations just 14 percent of all plastic waste is collected for recycling after years. So imagine you could simply eat your raft coffeecup or compost the lot again and or have a solution to a serious environmental problem. We started really getting involved in more more packaging because we wanted to keep food fresh for longer so it seemed like a really good solution at the time and also one of the things that brands of obviously latched onto is making food look sexier than it really is plumping it up with lots of extra packaging but they are now realizing that consumers have a voice and they are changing that sort of thinking this is Morgan guy a British food futurologist he looks at trends across the industry and works with major brands on new products the idea of using food or food byproduct as packaging is nothing new but now honor and figleaves for example have long been used to stay in bags and wrap fade but Morgan says interest from big brands is ramping up as loads of options out there and one of the things that's really exciting is that we are now able to use waste materials for a 2nd use so coffee grounds are being used to make to go mugs which are completely reusable it can be put in the dishwasher we're seeing orange peel being used to make silks we're seeing the waste material from Pineapple to be able to make shoes and leather we are able to use now mushrooms to make not just packaging materials but also materials that we can build from so there's a massive field. A possibility for the use of food and food by products and packaging at these just gimmicks do you think. There has been a lot of gimmicks in the edible sort of I think it starts with the edible Jell-O. Jelly shot glasses and it was fun you know you could have a shot and then eat this little shot glass and it was flavored and it looked colorful and nice but there are more opportunities in that there's a great brand in Mexico that's been going quite a few years now and it's fast food makes burgers looks a bit like a in a regular burger joint but when you get this wrapped burger the packaging is edible and it looks great it's brand stamped with some food dye and so this isn't a good mic this is the real thing and it works perfectly brands are really trying there they know that this is a big area that's important I mean let's be really frank brands want to make money and the main reason they are driven is because that's the consumer Persia and they know that now this is a big conversation but I still think it's early days because Morgan tells me making packaging from feed materials is not without its challenges like how quickly you really want to wrap to biodegrade not say fast that it's substantially reduces a product shelf life perhaps that could create even more feed waste which sort of defeats the point and you wouldn't want this to happen if you go on holiday and you have some milk in the fridge and the packet is biodegrade in with the milk in it and you come back and you've got a massive pool of stinky milk in your fridge because the package has already disappeared not ideal the responsibility really then is on the consumer to be on top of the food times and how that works or that we develop technology I'm afraid you're a storage unit that knows that and somehow gets rid of it for us and then there's the marketing to you which isn't just about putting the like I want to fade it might be about the texture of the packaging. That might encourage people to buy something off of it how big it looks or the shape of that there are so many things that you need to think about when it comes to how to sell a product or its packaging and if you then trying to make that packaging out of feeding gradients it's quite a big challenge I imagine Luckily the 2 things that do come together beautifully is that often when we are making things that look biodegradable or edible and earthy looking that's really really on trend and we can use vegetable dyes vegetable inks to brand packaging that's not a problem and it's also graphene being used to brand on to fruit itself so there's lots of possibilities there I think one of the things that consumers are going to have to do is to accept the reality of what food really looks like when it's not be preserved by the packaging and that could be something like the color of apples in a tart they actually start to Brown naturally but what we often see it's been kept alive by that type of packaging which enables it to look green and fresh is that it's just being cut which is actually not real and Morgantown when it comes to packaging that not only made out of feeding gradients but actually designed to be eaten there are other challenges today the thing that people always ask is if the packaging is edible What do we do about the fact that people have touched it and I think that's why it's perfect for fast food because it's coming from the person that serving it will be wearing gloves to the person who's eating it doesn't mind that they personally touched it anyway but it doesn't work with shelf products doesn't very difficult shelf products unless they are then of course put in another package so it's the edible packets of something or other that's then in a box do you think that the consumer does want to ate the wrapping I mean it interferes with a dash right each in your bag or do you really want to ate something else that tastes quite bland like some of these products probably a day. It's adding calories isn't it it's changing the flavor of a dish that's the big concern is that if you are having a drink and then you're being asked to eat the bottle of the drink just sounds exhausted it's just there's a lot of eating going on and you might be thirsty but not hungry so what do you do with the edge of a membrane and you sell it away but where do you throw it away because if you are thinking about compost ability other special bins that are we going to per round places that have like a worming little worm farm so they can eat now what happens if it doesn't go there do we start to create the bubonic plague you know where we suddenly are all roads are full of d composting food matter the plate was made out of wheat bran a byproduct of milling which is sometimes thrown away and Malgorzata 10 is keen to point out that they asked and the fact it decomposes quickly and went back up land fell a what matters the plate being edge of all she says is simply a marketing till Each plate has 193 calories in it and that's why we are not encouraging people to eat the blade if you eat one plates it's a 100 grams of pure starch you know it will have effect on your badge and they don't think it will be really wise words to dream products that be a plate that you you did want to rate and that you could do Cypress in the compost with that might be the dream product if you could make a plate that was genuinely really tasty really easy to ate really good for your health you know for sure that the nation the markets and the customers who are interested in that kind of product that's what we are aiming for it's to use our products as I thought not used to plastics and of course we can make you know another separate glaring wave that taste of scene I'm on which will be much more nicer than this right now bad it's not in the mainstream and we are going to build our company in the mainstream not in the niche segment it does sound like any tool to tip to plastic something the consumer might embrace purely for environmental reasons but. So they come in a couple of bucks just adds up now and then I take the plates out there wrapped in plastic. So. There's a lot of packaging that's needed Yeah we decided to put it in that kind of packaging at the beginning just to avoid damaging the product on the shelves but from the next year we are seriously thinking about less environmental harm for packaging and probably it will be only by the global falling around of the plates is another challenge facing cost because an ice box like this which has $10.00 plates and as I think cost about $5.00 That's considerably more than buying paper plates right now it's more expensive than paper plates but we are still a squad small company so our cost is not so affective as a huge company so with using the capacity of the production we're expecting then within 2 years the cost of the product will be similar to paper at least. Is a very confident that by a trammel cried the company was formed 7 years ago and after receiving almost $8000000.00 of investment from her and her colleagues venture capitalists and the European Union and now sells in more than 40 countries and expects to turn its 1st profit this year but my to better solution to disposable table Webby to encourage people to stop using it to talk and I only buy reusable products. Only this year the evil she did ban single use plastic plates and cutlery by 2021 but still I believe that it would be huge market for disposables because I think the change is not for one generation probably it will be for for fuel and I think that the same time people changing their habits in terms of consuming food so we are not saw eager to go into the restaurant we prefer to call. The lever door and to order the 4th of our house so it means that they're quick on time and there's the market for that product it's growing like 14 percent each year saw still changing people's habits it's not so easy and I don't believe that's it will happen pretty soon and in the meantime in case you've been wondering what happens when you use a bowl made of wheat bran to each will say you have like 20 minutes otherwise it starts to leak with different types of sauces it's not a huge problem of course after 30 minutes one hour it starts to be soggy and the pads of the weed bran go into the food. You're listening to the free chain from the b.b.c. World Service with me Emily Thomas in the south side I'm asking whether the best material to use for packaging all food might be fate itself. I want to find out how seriously the industry is taking this idea and his making money out of a. Boss and food waste issue has been estimated to be a $2.00 trillion dollars problem even if we make a small problem we have a really huge business of course you know this position that we've carved out for cells and using food to preserve food we believe is a very strong one and the only thing that people should accept on their food is food. James riches is the see if a California company called a pedo he came up with the idea for the business while studying for a Ph d. In materials science I was studying solar paint that would allow you to collect solar energy and so my Ph d. Was spent watching that paint dry in order to understand what types of changes were happening inside the paint when you want to paint dry that is plenty of time feel mind to Wanda and one day James started pondering how other materials change when they dry out the reason that fruits and vegetables go bad it is because water evaporates out of them and oxygen goes in and I thought aha perhaps we could put a little barrier around the outside of food which would reduce the parish ability which may ultimately make a dent in the hunger problem and from that James went on to develop that little barrier to food and form the company if you set a strawberry on the counter and he set a lemon on the counter the strawberry would melt into a puddle and a couple of days but the lemon would be Ok for months and so it was the investigation of what was unique about the peel of the lemon we were shocked to find out that very surface composition of the strawberry in the lemon were identical. Which was a really kind of a head scratching moment so we zoomed in and we found out that the surface of a lemon the molecules are more closely arranged relative to one another and that's what allows it to better withstand the atmospheric conditions which normally cause it to dry out and to oxidize if we could find a way to use the same materials that the plant had already been using then we would be using food to preserve food so what is your product actually made from we make our product from lip it limits are the materials that provide the structural integrity inside plants inside cells and so our job is to isolate these levels from that material and then to turn them back into these water based formulas that we can then apply to the surface or fresh produce which free to vegetables you able to use on anything. We've developed these formulas now for over 50 different kinds of fruit and vegetable because the mechanism that causes fruit to age is the same whether you're a raspberry or an avocado Could this be used on feeds the talent for a toothache to Bill's meat for example and ag of course you know every form of life on the planet employs some form of protective barrier whether it's human skin or reptilian scales or the skin on an apple and so this strategy is able to work things as diverse as you know flowers and fruit to meet in cheeses and then how much of a difference does it make if you have an apple and you put your product on it how much longer will it stay fresh our products average about a doubling of the useful marketable shelf life of a piece of produce However in our facilities we have the ability to triple the shelf life of produce and we see evidence that will be able to what ripple the shelf life and doesn't taste of anything no you cannot see it you cannot taste it you cannot feel it it's truly perceptible How different is this from substances that are already out that pre-prepared freight for example you know that's been dipped in certain substances to make them last longer oh stop them going brown the reason fruit and vege go bad is because water is evaporating out so the fruits trying out and oxygen is getting in and so the 1st is oxidized and so whereas these other technologies are designed again to treat the symptoms appeal designed to solve the causes of those problems using materials that are found in every bite of fruit and vegetable that you eat every day it's the same strategy that that nature has arrived at after 3800000000 years worth of iteration there is a function of. Traditional packaging which your product doesn't meet which is to stop fruits and vegetables from bruising we coming to still need packaging to transport off freight and vegetables and then doesn't that defeat the point you're absolutely right but today packaging is trying to solve 2 problems simultaneously it's trying to prevent crushing and it's trying to solve the shelf life problem when you try to solve both of those problems with one solution you end up compromising on both and so the future that we see is one in which the packaging is really designed to prevent structural damage to the fruit to be highly recyclable to be very efficient in handling and appeal is used to maintain quality and reduce waste I mean there's a lot of thought human sout there for eating like that there's lots of reasons that we might want to encourage that as a model rather than trying to find ways to transport food the whole way across the world a bit more efficiently. The the way that I look at this is that we should be utilizing the strengths that the natural world provides us and unfortunately mangoes are not going to be available Oakley in many places of the world but there are many places of the world where mangoes are available in huge excess supply and so where the opportunity really is is to connect that surplus production where small growers have access to this natural resource which is fresh produce into markets which which don't have those types of varieties available to them locally James tells me that appeal has just done a deal with one of the largest u.s. Supermarkets to package its Africa dice the company is growing but it's taken some time and $110000000.00 of investments which came from venture capitalists hedge funds and a charitable foundation. Side are they making any money yet we are all here you know it only it only took 7 years. You know 1st we had invent the technology and then we had to make it affordable and then we had to figure out you know who to sell it to and then we had to figure out how to scale the operations and who else is making money from this is this saving the retailers money is that why they're doing it they charging more for that for eating vegetables because I can stay fresh for longer is it making the products cost a bit mall has to walk. Yeah that's a really stunning bet is that all these benefits come at no additional cost to the consumer of today there is money just evaporating off of store shelves as your fruit ages and declines and so with a pure we've been able to share with our partners that very can buy our product and save money which means that very cost to the consumer stays the same or goes down because we're able to save so much waste in the system Morgan guy the futurologist respect us agrees that there's huge potential for edible packaging to take off in the fruit and vegetables act or where there's a lot of what she says is excess and unnecessary packaging but the other sector to watch she tells me is fast food it's the least amount of time that a consumer needs packaging so of course you're buying your fast food and within minutes that packaging is already redundant so it's perfect it doesn't matter if that starts to biodegrade in the next few days usually it's already being consumed within the next few hours and the amount of people that ordering have takeaways and have fast food is massive if we can find a solution for that kind of red e-mail fast food takeaway delivery option that would make a massive difference in how much packaging we're using and how long do you predict as a future ologist before all of this is widespread it's what people expect within the next 2 years I think we are really heading to a time when those solutions will become in place what consumers might see in the short term of course is that food prices will go up because up until now we've been using the cheapest solution and this because of the volume is will not be the cheapest solution yet that's one of the things that everybody is going to perhaps wrestle with a little bit no matter how. How much we care about the environment and how or how much we say we care about the environment how much are we willing to spend is this something that you see as the retailers responsibility that and the food producers responsibility or the consumers responsibility has should be driving less everybody needs to take responsibility consumers really do have to wake up to the fact that all of this packaging and they don't like has been providing them with thing is that they have become accustomed to and that they have decided is normal and brands if they change that too quickly they know they're going to lose market share consumers are not going to buy it because they're not going to like it they're not ready and so it's really a conversation there needs to be a complete mentality shift within large corporations because it's been business as usual for decades and decades and everybody from the shareholder to the brand to the consumer all need to take a little bit of responsibility and that have to be a huge cultural shift away from convenience absolutely massive That's that's really the big piece and I guess that's why all the way along this we think that governments and brands are responsible but it's very very difficult to get consumers to do what you want them to do when they're not they're not ready they're not culturally ready people want convenience people want cheap food we've got used to it you said that we might see all of this on our shelves quite say in the next few years how do you think packaging may data fading gradients could change how we shop and how we eat we have got very accustomed in the last 20 to 30 years of doing a big shop buying a lot of food storing it for a long time and that is a very new thing that's not really how we've been eating for millennia what we've been doing is we've been hunter gathering we've been picking it and eating it fresh and we've been accustomed now to buying. Food and storing it for weeks or months and the packaging of course has been the reason we can do that so we're going to start eating much more seasonally we're going to be doing smaller shops where going to be eating food quicker and wasting less buying smaller amounts because we were just won't keep I think as we go further into the future we are not particularly going to be looking or so interested in the food that's been transported so far with extra packaging we're going to be very concerned with creating these growing hubs these collectives where food comes from a very close area way it's much more seasonal and there's a lot less packaging because somebody in our food habits cooking from scratch so that we're just using raw materials and those we can go and get from a raw material Depository or what Mike like a weighing shop which we seeing already popping up in major cities where you take your own containers possibly made from recycled materials that could be all of the plastics that we've used melted into these containers that we keep for life we never ever buy another container we never buy another packet think of that still to this week please let us know what you think about the shy you can e-mail the feed chain at b.b.c. Doxy I talk she can get in touch with me at Emily Thomas b.b.c. On Twitter for me and the rest of the team or a cookie to the Simon chill at thanks for listening and join us again next week. Thank you. This is listener supported 89.3 p.c.c. Pasadena community service of Pasadena City College 90.3 k. Via Lake Coachella Palm Springs 89.5 k. J a I Ohai and 89.10 are Redlands community service of the University of Redlands discover us online at k.p.c. C dot org. It takes a great deal of resources to produce thoughtful trustworthy local news coverage here p.c.c. As well as dependable national reporting from n.p.r. It's where you come in listeners make up more than half of funding which keeps us free from commercial and political influence go from being a listener to being a member and help power the news you use give Now it k.p.c. C dot org Thanks. Coming up after the news it's hard to talk with me sure like s. They do flow is only the 2nd woman economist of being awarded the Nobel Prize she and her colleagues.

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