On the tunnel Harbor Bridge and main thoroughfare out of the city a leak of internal Chinese Communist Party documents has revealed for the 1st time how a mass detention campaign of Chinese Muslims was carried out N.P.R.'s Emily thing reports the lake is the most significant cash of party documents released since 2001 the 403 pages of documents were obtained and published by The New York Times they detail how President Xi Jinping himself ordered a crackdown on Islam across the western region after a series of rudimentary attacks by Leader militants killed dozens among the documents leaked risk by she later used by regional officials to justify a sweeping detention campaign of up to 1.5 leader Muslims in other Muslim ethnic groups though the exact number remains a state secret other documents instruct officials how to mollify distraught leaders students who discovered their parents had been disappeared they were told their relatives had been quote infected by the virus of Islamic radicalism. N.p.r. News Beijing protests continued today in Iraq demonstrators occupied part of the main bridge in central Baghdad yesterday where security forces had pushed them back a week ago more than 300 people have been killed during protests that began last month this is n.p.r. News. The acrimonious relationship between calling Cavanagh and the n.f.l. Continued this weekend as a male Moffatt from member station reports the controversial quarterback skipped a workout organized by the n.f.l. And held one of his own in front of scouts and cameras at a high school football field Kaepernick sued the league or earlier this year claiming all $32.00 teams were colluding to keep him off the field he hasn't played a game since early twenty's 17 the same season he began protesting police violence against African-Americans by kneeling during the national anthem the n.f.l. Offered to host a workout for camper Nick Saturday at the Atlanta Falcons practice facility but capper Nick and his agents barked at the conditions proposed by the league including a restriction on media coverage Abeyta stay with everything today was making sure we had transparency of what went on we were getting that elsewhere so we came out here is important here the n.f.l. Says it's disappointed by Kaepernick decision but that it wouldn't affect his ability to sign with any team for n.p.r. News I'm of Moffitt in Atlanta leaders of the House and Senate have agreed in principle on a compromise bill to crack down on robo calls it's expected to require phone companies to block calls at no cost to customers and verify phone numbers are real it also gives government agencies more ability to go after scammers It's the latest effort in a crackdown building on steps by state attorneys general and the Federal Communications Commission as well as phone companies I'm Winsor Johnston n.p.r. News from Washington support for n.p.r. Comes from n.p.r. Stations other contributors include roadside attractions presenting the warrior queen of John c. Based on the true story of India's Rani of John c. Who led an army against the British Empire and became a feminist symbol of resistance now playing in theaters. This is Weekend Edition from n.p.r. News and little Garcia Navarro good morning there's been more violence this weekend in Bolivia. Weeks of protests forced its president Elmore Alice to step down a week ago he's in exile in Mexico now there are mass protests calling for him to return Police in central Bolivia opened fire on a crowd of protesting coca farmers who are a key part of morality his political base at least 8 people were killed dozens more injured and N.P.R.'s Philip Reeves is in the capital of bass and he joins me now welcome I So let's hear about the scene there and that deadly protest in particular what happened well the scene is tense and it's angry and it's fearful mandalas still has a sizable number of fiercely loyal supporters especially amongst the indigenous population and that shooting of the film is in Cochabamba which is in central Bolivia Coast real outrage it's causing real outrage but I itself has called it a massacre it's igniting more protests in support of his return the military have used jets to crowds of protesters and they've also started firing tear gas into peaceful crowds in the bits of all of this you've got concerns now here in up as about shortages of fuel food and medicine and partly because there's so many barricades around the city that supplies can't be delivered and shops of course most of them are shouted. As forced out after evidence of fraud surfaced in last month's election there's currently an interim government is that government capable of handling this are they in control is the military control is going well it's really struggling to establish its legitimacy the interim president is Yemeni and yes she's a conservative she was a senator she had. He's got a dialogue going with some in the Socialist Party of Evo Morales but she has a big credibility problem I mean she faces allegations that she bent the rules in the manner in which she self-proclaimed us of president and she's also supposed to be in the role of a caretaker a kind of neutral government that is guiding Bolivia towards elections but she severed relations with Nicolas windows government in Venezuela she's kicked out hundreds of Cuban doctors so they are going beyond the line if you challenge the there are supposed to be new elections right in 3 months is that going to be possible do you think with all this going on it's going to be very hard for them and it really is dependent on whether they can establish a secure foothold they certainly haven't done that yet Firstly the new interim president has to come down the violence that's going to be very difficult she's going to appoint a new electoral authority both houses of Congress remember are controlled by what out of his Socialist Party and meanwhile But Alice is still out there engaging in this and he's putting out tweets that on one hand support dialogue and on the other hand rally support against what he describes as a coup against him so it's very hard to see a clear path out of this and further just briefly what are people telling you. Well you know people are very worried I mean very polarized violence and fear of making things worse. Piece of the capacity to cope. People on the street shouting slogans. So we have a very dangerous situation here that's N.P.R.'s Philip Reeves in the Field thank you so much You're welcome. On Capitol Hill this week the impeachment inquiry was brought into public view Democrats and top u.s. Diplomats painted a picture of a president who used taxpayer dollars as leverage for his own political gain but there was another theme they kept coming back to that the trust and security of Ukraine which is relied on the u.s. For support was also threatened his former ambassador to Ukraine Marie of out of it on Friday our leadership depends on the power of our example and the consistency of our purpose both have now opened to question and. With the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America the advocate for stronger u.s. Ukraine Relations and he joins me now from New York welcome to the program thank you I was really struck by the tenor of urgency in the testimony of the diplomats this past week as ambassador Bill Taylor put it in his opening statement and I'm quoting here Ukraine is right at this moment while we sit in this room and for the last 5 years under armed attack from Russia while we're seeing this impeachment hearing here in the United States what's happening in Ukraine and Ukraine there is live fire going against Ukrainian positions on a daily basis going back to 2015 when the 1st peace process was put into place. That ceasefire has not kept longer than a week at best. How would you describe the state of u.s. Ukraine relations at the moment. Brand new phase the previous administration thrown for a loop. As the rest of the world was with the election of Donald Trump and did everything possible to strengthen that relationship to the extent that the United States started handing over lethal weapons to Ukraine for the 1st time as well as Ukraine was able to purchase several Coast Guard cutters to increase its navy now however we are in a brand new situation with a brand new president a novice president that being the one in Ukraine not the novice president in the United States were hoping that they too can get into a room and maybe start working closer together but at this point everything centers around this impeachment investigation and we've seen reporting that really because of this impeachment investigation we really don't have a lot of high u.s. Level contact with Ukraine that's true in both directions So currently there is no appointed and accepted embassador from the United States to Ukraine neither do we have a special representative of the opposition as far as we are being told by the White House will not be field again and from the other side Ukraine dismissed most of these investors throughout the world after the election of President Selenski and they too have not appointed an ambassador that's been confirmed to the United States so what does that mean for Ukraine in December there will be the 1st peace talks with Germany France Russia and Ukraine So right now there is nobody really from the United States who is saying please let us into this peace process so we can advocate on behalf of Ukraine currently the governments of France and Germany have very strongly indicated that they would like to take the side of Russia and this peace negotiation is a worry that Ukraine is sort of become talks in a way the United States and there might just be a complete disengagement and there's always that worry you crane has had throughout the entire 20th century where at times there was enormous support for freeing Ukraine all to disappear with a change in attitude by the United States however what is still very clear is there is a norm. Bipartisan support and currently in the Congress you should also look at the fact that since 2015 numerous National Guard but have visited Ukraine and trained Ukrainian Guardsmen on an ongoing basis and that exchange is going to benefit Ukraine in the long run that's Andy the b.n.c. Of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America thank you very much have a good day the open hearings in the House impeachment inquiry have introduced the country to a new face Republican congresswoman Elise stiff onic who represents a district in northern New York she was once seen as a moderate who kept President Trump at arm's length now stiff onic has emerged as one of his fiercest most high profile defenders North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann tells us more in a list of on the 1st one her seat in 2014 she was just 30 years old at the time the youngest woman ever elected to Congress she promised bipartisanship and focus on policy and I don't work with anyone regardless of their party affiliation to get it done Republicans Democrats independents and he's upon it was appointed to the House Intelligence Committee she already had a deep resume she's a Harvard grad worked in the Bush White House and was a close ally of former House speaker Paul Ryan after President Trump selections to fund it criticized many of his signature policies opposing the border wall blasting his trade tariffs and most recently condemning Trump's decision to withdraw u.s. Troops from Syria I think it was misguided I think it was the wrong approach and I think it's our national security at risk at times to phonic use startling language to describe the president calling his actions inappropriate offensive and quote contrary to our American ideals but when the Ukraine scandal broke stuff on it pivoted sending fundraising letters to potential donors promising to stand up for President Trump and telling reporters the probe is a political smear this is a very very serious matter and I have not seen evidence of high crimes in this. Demeanors I'm proud to support President and I oppose impeachment during public hearings this weeks to phonic did just that condemning the process at every opportunity clashing with the Democrat who chairs the Intelligence Committee out of shifts and asked Are you not on the bench thank you for being able to use is a gentlewoman was suspended What is the instruction for this time it is our time in facts to phonic was violated procedural rules established for the hearing but combative moments like that quickly elevated her profile tweets about her performance were shared repeatedly by President Trump and her own Twitter following exploded she's drawing praise from conservative media write for The Wall Street Journal and National Review and also made a coveted appearance on Fox News where she again blasted Democrats who she's now taken to describing as socialist and radical the American public was watching renegade waiting for a silver bullet and they didn't have that through weeks of open and closed door hearings to find it has appeared and swayed by detailed testimony from senior career diplomats who allege President Trump politicized u.s. Foreign policy in order to leverage an investigation by Ukraine against Joe by one of his Democratic rivals her stance has drawn criticism including from former allies Washington Post conservative columnist Jennifer Rubin blasted Steffanie going to column this week for quote declaring there's no harm in extorting Ukraine to do trumps political dirty work Nicolle Wallace the m s n b c host who also served in the Bush White House tweeted that stuff on it is one of the occasionally reasonable Republicans who's become a trump shill that kind of high profile pushback may be one more signs defining has moved to the center of the fight over President Trump and impeachment stuff on it was also named this week by Time magazine with 100 Next List of the most influential young leaders in America and then n.p.r. News Westport New York. You're listening to n.p.r. News. Live. I'm Windsor Johnston with these headlines Louisiana governor John Bell Edwards has won reelection he held on to his seat after a tough challenge from Republican Ed. This is the 3rd and final gubernatorial election of 2019 and the 2nd loss for President Trump who campaigned for all 3 candidates pro-democracy demonstrations continue in Hong Kong hundreds of protesters with breaks in makeshift barricades are holding off riot police on the road surrounding a college campus in the central part of the city demonstrations are now in their 6 month officials in Venice a damage from catastrophic flooding it could top $1000000000.00 The city is suffering its 3rd major flooding in less than a week I mentor Johnston n.p.r. News in Washington. With support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from little passports their new science junior subscription for kids aims to inspire curiosity designed to bring projects to life while utilizing new science concepts more a little passports dot com from Newman offering a personalized weight loss program that uses psychology and small goals to change habits with the goal of losing weight and keeping it off for good learn more at noon an o.m. Dot com and from Americans for the Arts. This is Weekend Edition from n.p.r. News I'm Luke Garcia Navarro senior White House advisor Steven Miller is an immigration hardliner that much is clear he's engineered everything from the Trump administration's family separation policy to the travel ban on people from some Muslim majority countries but now Democrats are calling for his resignation after the Southern Poverty Law Center obtained leaked e-mails in which they say Miller encouraged far right website Breitbart to promote white supremacist ideas in one message after a statement released by Pope Francis in 2015 that was sympathetic to refugees Miller references a book of fiction writing quote Someone should point out the parallels to camp of the Saints this novel is a dystopian apocalyptic French novel about a flotilla of migrants from India who overtake a Southern town in France Chelsea Steber is a scholar of French literature at the Catholic University of America and she teaches camp of the saints like key themes are actually white supremacy and the end of white civilization as the West knows it infestation invasion hordes of nameless faceless migrants who come to indeed invade the West and bring about its end that sort of language that we see mirrored in some of the comments today yeah absolutely I mean my interest in this novel was precisely because really with the inaugural address I noticed a language that I was intimately familiar with because I study it because I've worked on far right French nationalism and its literature and language for a long time and I was sort of blown away the alarm bells started going off and I was recognizing a language that was not normal political discourse that I was used to hearing but a discourse that I absolutely knew and you teach this text your students what are their reactions I'm interested in their reactions are sort of to be overwhelmed I mean I write about how the book itself is I mean from a pedagogic point of view very effective because it performs the. Effect of investigation with its language and with its figures of style repetition metaphor and so students feel quite invaded by the language and it is an emotional and visceral reaction and that's his power I suppose Absolutely I mean again to study it is so important to understand how it could quite literally infest a mind a person to believe things and with my students the thing that I do that I think is so important that I would guess encourage anyone who wants to read this book to do is to ground ourselves 1st in humanity and humanism and we agree that we believe in the equality of humanity the dignity of humanity and when you start from that point of view and you read this book and you realise that a central conceit in the novel is that you cannot respect the humanity of all beings that you must create a hierarchy and that the white West is the most human and thus must reject this subhuman group it becomes easier to see how incredibly disturbing and wrong it is Kathleen Blue is also familiar with the book and others like it novels that morph from fiction to reality for white power activists they fill imaginative holes that people can use in organizing and they provide kind of a map of ideology and operations that spur future activity Bellew teaches history at the University of Chicago and wrote a book about the roots of white power movements in the u.s. Called Bring the war home camp of the saints she says mirrors the central belief of white nationalist thinking which is that most political issues of the day are at bottom about the reproduction of the white race and the birth of white children this is why you see people focusing on the birth rate right we see the birth rate appearing and manifestos of violent actors but to people in this movement white reproduction is not just about sort of a peaceful demographic transformation but it's about this feeling of being overrun by immigrants about being threatened with. Forced integration and about the idea that the white race is under attack and I think that sense of emergency that is depicted in works like camp of the saints and the Turner Diaries explains how white nationalism becomes such a captivating and kind of world consuming way of thinking about politics so this book has been referenced by Steve Bannon former advisor to President Trump Republican Iowa Representative Steve King. What does that mean to you you know when we're thinking about the historically ingrained problem of racial inequality and anti immigrant xenophobia in American society there are a number of laws and policies and systems in our country that perpetuate harm to people of color crossing the border and racial inequality and I think reasonable people can agree that we have a society that is structured intentionally or otherwise by those systems then we have something operating at a personal level that's just racial animus some people have prejudice against people of other racial or ethnic backgrounds but this is something else this is a organized ideology it has a coherent worldview that is not only deeply racist and xenophobic an anti immigrant but also at times un-American and dedicated towards war on the state I think this represents a real difference in. In intent then a policy that simply enacted with an after effect of harm this is about deliberate construction of a white nationalist public policy coming from the halls of power into our laws and into our nation so Steven Miller all this Lee is one of the main architects of President Trump's hard line immigration policies. These e-mails show that he referenced the book what do you think that says. I think this is clear evidence that this is a person who is immersed in and is trafficking in white nationalist ideology the camp of the saints is one example of this the other things that appeared in the e-mail chain include articles posted on websites that propagate white nationalist and anti immigrant contacts and some of which have been identified as hate groups. I think that to me the important thing here is that this really shows that we can't consider the Trump immigration policy as. Sort of belonging to the unintentional harm category of white supremacist society to me it shows that this is a deliberate and intentional attempt to propagate that kind of a system Kathleen Bellew is an assistant professor of history at the University of Chicago thank you very much thank you. The Keystone oil pipeline is up and running again after a recent big spill in North Dakota the pipeline which stretches from Alberta Canada all the way to Houston reportedly almost 400000 gallons of tar sands oil into a wetland area the spill was keystones 2nd major one in 2 years and that's raise concerns about a 2nd pipeline called the Keystone x.l. Which isn't bill yet but his proposed path goes through Montana South Dakota and Nebraska Jeannie Crumley is a retired teacher who lives along that path in Nebraska we caught up with her yesterday afternoon she was in the middle of a meeting of affected landowners with their lawyers I asked her 1st what they're discussing it's a discussion of the whole process history where we currently stand and what we're looking toward in the future and would Keystone x.l. Involve the actual taking of some of your land or you just near it and affected in some other way are you know absolutely an affected landowner there would be 2 quarters of ground that they have their eyes on. And describe where you live in Nebraska I live in rural northeastern Brasco 2 factors I think are important number one were on what they would call the edge of the sandhills strangely Sandy very marginal very fragile soil we are on the Ogallala aquifer so any spill could impact the Gawker for which is one of the nation's most important water sources and it is a family farm it's a family farm where in the 3rd generation the 4th generation is currently taking over the operation the 5th generation is in college 2 grandsons studying and with the intent of moving back to the farm so we have a 100 years of investment in interest in this land so did reps from Trans Canada the corporation that owns the pipeline come to talk to you about this project and if they did what they say they phoned us in the very beginning to say they were taking our land insurance what they were offering us we came into the whole fight I guess neutral really not knowing and we have turned to our legal team to be our spokes person because Trans Canada is a multimillion dollar operation we don't have the expertise to read the is spent 10 understand and so we're relying on a really excellent legal team to represent us and how many landowners are there being represented they have almost 100 landowners 70 some are active in current lawsuits but we have held this at bay for 10 years and adding to this the recent spill in North Dakota. Must have affected your view of the project oh no it just confirmed our view of the project because you know I have sensually have a masters degree and pipeline now we've been doing this for 10 years and we've watched bills along the way for 10 years so it's no surprise to us so the question isn't if that will spill the question is where and when it does or we protect it when you go back to the idea of eminent domain it's a foreign corporation. Running a pipe through American soil to deliver a product to export to China not a bit of which will be used and is the United States certainly none in the brassica there is no public use there's no public gain from it and so it's grades misuse of eminent domain law so you're saying that eminent domain law either shouldn't or doesn't apply here I'm saying that the state has used him in a domain law but I think all citizens should look at what eminent domain law is and when did it transform from public use or public to actually corporate profits and so I think that's something that all citizens should be concerned about and should be working at the legislative level to really have it redefined Teenie Crumley who lives along the proposed Keystone x.l. Pipeline and Nebraska thank you very much thank you. Paso Texas thinks the best way to listen to music isn't through your actually in your car when you're just surrounded by it and you have all these speakers just blasting the song to get you ready for where you're headed a few years ago she was headed to a music festival when she found her signature song the power by sweet spirit to pass time we were just literally going through an entire list of bands and artists who would be performing and one of the bands on there was sweet spirit and so I of course I touch it into my phone and that very 1st song that came up was power and I played it and it was just aid. In practice. If I had to give it one word it would be energizing It's like your heart automatically matches the 2 pumping gets you ready. But it wasn't just the music that captivated the lyrics told the story of a young woman defying expectations and that was something she knew about as a young girl and a small South Texas town growing up I was underestimated a lot and when I proved to you know to be successful or something or when I proved to actually be good at something there was always a group of people who are always so surprised like I didn't have it in me but to me on the other end I was always like Wolf of course I did it it was going to get done there was no doubt about it. Is a. A middle school speech teacher now on day she's nervous about teaching she blasts the power in her car on the way to work she says it's a shot of pure confidence and a reminder of what's at stake for some of her students the problem that I see is that not a lot of girls do recognize their power don't really understand the way how they can use it and so that's something that I strive for in a daily on a constant basis is just getting students just to know that they have it in them and that they are capable and as long as they have it the possibilities are endless for them so she's got a hold of Paso Texas sharing her signature song the power by sweet spirit. You're listening to Weekend Edition from n.p.r. News the Crown has a new cast Award winning actress Livia Coleman and Helena Bonham Carter join the 3rd season premiering today on Netflix n.p.r. T.v. Critic Eric Dugan says the show manages a seamless transition while also continuing to ask important questions about the role of monarchy in a democracy the Crown's 3rd season begins with the Livia Coleman as a dour disappointed Queen Elizabeth is 964 and she's staring at 2 portraits of her profile for postage stamp one a new image in the other from her youth as an aide tries to lift her spirits rose post office is launching a new profile. Which they feel to be an elegant reflection of a mattress is transition from a young woman to. But a mother of 4 such will suffer. The same features images of Coleman and the woman who played Elizabeth in the 2 previous seasons of the Crown Clare for way it's a not so subtle not to a changing of the guard on screen Gone is the luminous full way in the impish Matt Smith who played young Elizabeth and Prince Philip n. Comes Coleman to bias Menzies as Philip and Helena Bonham Carter as a little bit sister Margaret now Margaret desperately wants to be queen but her desire is overshadowed by qualities especially an impulsive entitled nature that would make her terrible at the job and doesn't stop her from complaining including on a flight with her husband played by Ben Daniels elder sister younger sister number one and number 2 who is number one you. Unnatural number one who's tragedy is 2 of involving the 2 This is not but. She knows it. Is and she does. Wonderful as bonobo Carter's Margaret is Coleman's Queen Elizabeth is the bigger acting triumph she must show competing ways of emotion inside a woman known as a solid ruler who spent decades perfecting the art of seeming unmoved it can look at times as if Coleman is wearing the same 3 expressions in every episode but she signals Elizabeth's emotional turmoil and small moments pursed lips or a tear Welling that never quite gets out of her eye a key moment comes when Elisabeth must confront a relative played by the always regal Charles Dance who wants her to dismiss a struggling prime minister and Parliament I am protecting the prime minister I am protecting the Constitution. I am to take to democracy. Democracy threatens to destroy supposed to just do nothing Yes Doing nothing is exactly what we do and wait for the people that. If indeed that is what they decide to do there is so much to love here Clancy Brown is a crusty Lyndon Baines Johnson bonding with Margaret over their shared disdain for j.f.k. Menzies Philip cluelessly causing a day lose of bad press when he complains on us t.v. About the royals low pay so much in these episodes would be avoided at the monarchy just had a good press agent it's always been tempting to dismiss the Crown as a high priced soap opera aimed straight at Anglo Files but the show's real mission has often been asked what's the purpose of a hereditary monarchy and a democracy this show humanizes a royal family tangled by contradictions to have power yet not to be fiercely private public figures to participate in world events only has the Regal reserved face of a democracy the crown might in some way be propaganda for an unfair our stock Recy but it's also irresistible insightful television Americans. This is n.p.r. News. At 17 years old Mary Kate was the fastest girl in a generation she signed on to the most elite track team in the world until she says they're wildly inappropriate training methods caused her body to breakdown and her mental health to deteriorate now she's speaking out we'll talk with Mary Kane plus answers to more of your impeachment questions that's on the next All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. I'm Winsor Johnston with these headlines protests continue today in Iraq demonstrators occupied part of the main bridge in central Baghdad yesterday where security forces had pushed them back a week ago more than 300 people have been killed during protests that began last month over a lack of jobs and government services the u.s. And South Korea have announced plans to postpone upcoming military drills in an effort to encourage peace talks with North Korea u.s. Officials say the move does not amount to a concession to Pyongyang the u.s. Has imposed a travel ban on Cuba's interior minister in a statement Secretary of State Mike Pompei o cited what he called the minister's involvement in gross violations of human rights in Venezuela Winsor Johnston n.p.r. News in Washington the I. Think the little. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Warner Brothers Pictures presenting the good liar a suspense thriller about the secrets people keep and the lies they live starring Helen Mirren and Ian McKellen the good liar rated are now playing only in theaters from Capital One committed to reimagining banking offering savings and checking accounts that can be opened from anywhere Capital One what's in your wallet Capital One and a. And from the John d. And Catherine team MacArthur Foundation at mac found dot org. This is Weekend Edition from n.p.r. News I'm do Garcia Navarro and it's time to play the puzzle. Joining us is Will Shortz he's puzzle editor of The New York Times and Weekend Edition's puzzle master I will save their lives all right remind us of last week's challenge Yes came from listener Steve baggage of Arlington Massachusetts it was a little tricky but not too hard I said think of 25 letter words that are opposites one starts with the the other ends with the Drobo so the ease and the remaining 8 letters can be rearranged to spell a new word that is relevant what are the 3 words where the words are enter and leave drop the 2 ease and you can rearrange those 8 letters to spell relevant we received 1239 correct responses in the winner this week is Michael Baulch of Wheat Ridge Colorado congratulations thank you very much I had to solve it. Well answer and leave came pretty quickly and once we were rearranging the other letters it became obvious that that word is actually relevant. And what do you do actually retired so I just I do crossword puzzles. And you know play my guitar a little bit a ukulele you're leaving something out I hear you go to space launches and I'm a super space fan Yes yes I went to the last Falcons talking have you watched out at Cape Canaveral. You know the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing brought back a lot a lot of memories for me yeah wattage and Canyon Mike Marietta built the main booster for the Titan 2 rocket which was used for the Gemini missions and whenever they tested that engine we could actually hear and feel it at our house oh really that's amazing Well are you ready to take off and play the puzzle yes a little apprehensive but I thought All right take it away well all right Michael Every answer today is a word or name that ends in the letters l. L. For example if I said standard greeting you would say hello Ok Ok Number one is a dessert that jiggles yellow that's it wine maker Ernest or Julio callow good 1960 seventy's u.s. Space program you should know that. The trouble with. Brand of scarring Ted Brillo right largest city in the Texas panhandle. Largest city in Texas it's in Spanish it means yellow Oh yeah and I thought not. One. Oh I haven't really I don't have a real oh right there you know all right Abbott's partner in old comedy Costello That's it animal with a leathery shell much scene in Texas in the southwest. I mean that's it Italian sculptor of the Renaissance. And what if I told you it's also the name of one of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. And that's harder oh I could write of the tip of my tongue. To tell time it Donna tell Donna tell that's it that's it kind of mushroom kind of mushroom. Unfortunately I don't. It means beautiful point an Italian There you go Port au put it though of course for develop good how about Island in Maine where f.d.r. Had a summer home. I want to me where. That's it Campbell Bello and your last one is a double it's a highly caffeinated citrus flavored soft drink. I like. To play which is a brand name. They call me mellow yellow mellow yellow is it good job you did great how do you feel that was a lot of fun. Really. I'm really glad for playing our puzzle today you'll get a Weekend Edition lapel pin as well as puzzle books and games you can read all about it at npr dot org slash puzzle Michael which member station you listen to Casey apartment in point one a contributing member that's Michael Baulch of Wheat Ridge Colorado thank you so much for playing the puzzle thank you so much so great to meet you guys it's great to have you all right well let's next week's challenge Yes It comes from Janet MacDonald of Baton Rouge Louisiana. And she says Moby Oh Alabama has the interesting property that the name of the city has exactly the same consonants as its state and b. And l. Albeit in a different order what is the next largest u.s. City for which this is true so again you want to think of a us city and the state whose name is contained in exactly the same consonants but different order what is the next largest u.s. City after Mobile Alabama for which this is true when you have the answer go to our website N.P.R.'s org slash puzzle and click on the Submit Your Answer link remember just one entry per person please our deadline for entries is Thursday November 21st at 3 pm Eastern include a phone number where we can reach you at about that time and if you're the winner we'll give you a call and you'll get to play on the air with the puzzle editor of The New York Times and Weekend Edition's very own puzzle master Will Shortz thanks so much well thanks local. National Let's go back in time 500 years 2 people are about to meet and change the history of the Americas forever the result will be the fall of the as tech Empire and the creation of new Spain which will become Mexico James Frederick tells us more from Mexico City it's November 8th 1519 and a man no court that has and has 500 fellow at the doors are walking into the Aztec capital. Now in Mexico City they are amazed welcoming them as the Empire's ruler King Montezuma the 2nd he greets Cortez and then something strange happens to come he's the doors said Montezuma immediately surrendered his empire to them and the more that I thought about that the more. I decided it just didn't quite make sense that's historian Matthew rest all from Penn State University his 28000 book when Montezuma met Cortez argues that our understanding of the Spanish conquest is all wrong how amazing Cortez in the small band were able to defeat an empire of millions in a few years that is this colossal misconception a misunderstanding rest I'll believe it or secretly jailed and then murdered Montezuma that made up the story of surrender to make the Conquest more palatable He also says local enemies of the Aztecs and disease were keys to their downfall not the Spanish in the heart of Mexico City centuries old troops still lie underground. Below me as the archaeological site temple on my yard the great as the Temple of its time and in the background is the great Catholic cathedral that the Spanish built literally on top of this holy site once they had conquered the city. I'm joined here by Carlos have your Gonzales and rollbar Rodriguez from Mexico's National Institute for anthropology and history there's. A lot. They. Can sell it says that when the Spanish arrived to 10 which did land the 1st place they were brought was here the great temple because it was the symbol of the empires power this $200.00 foot tall pyramid was seen as the center of the universe and a city around it was impressive it in a state land which you now unless you live there and they are says the land was a huge city as you had public institutions a whole system of government schools public services it was a totally organized city I mean. Us 62 year old taxi driver from Mexico City who says it in the ruins for the 1st time several is even. He says he feels like he's going back in time here to try to understand his. Is a descendant of these indigenous people after the Aztecs were defeated in the city destroyed Spanish accounts portray them as uncivilized savage barbarians they cite there's. A tower made of human skulls that Pereira and his team continue to excavate a few blocks away he says the Spanish willingly Nord its significance in as their culture. Than they think and then there was more he says it's important to understand the world view of the Aztecs and their complex rituals around death yet this tower was about giving life to their God of War and the sun historian rest all says they can keep the doors later invented a savage image of the Aztecs that is that justify not only conquest and call meditation but any and all acts of violence that subsequently image correcting the historical record has modern day implications he argues indigenous peoples today can more easily be marginalized mistreated ignored if there's a popular belief out there that in some sense their ancestors. Were barbarians who needed to be civilized for n.p.r. News I'm James Frederick in Mexico City. One of the most anticipated Broadway plays of the season is a 2 part 7 hour epic inspired by e.m. Forster his novel Howard's and the play is called the inheritance and it opens tonight in New York the inheritance looks at different generations of gay men and the legacies they pass on Jeff Lunden takes a look e.m. Forster his novel starts with this sentence 1 May as well begin with Helen's letters to her sister 1 May as well begin with the day Matthew Lopez was taken by his mother to see the Merchant Ivory film playwright Matthew Lopez I was the 16 year old Puerto Rican kid in the panhandle of Florida and I'm watching this story about a group of Edwardian Brits haggling over real estate and inheritances and there wasn't anything that really should have spoken to me about the film and yet everything did so Lopez got the book and devoured it along with other novels by the closeted author the thing that drew me to Forster most specifically I think was I was picking up on what I would call the vibrations in the vibrations were a closeted gay man in the early 20th century speaking to a closeted gay boy at the end of the 20th century and Lopez thought why not use Howard's End as a starting point for a play that looks a gay life in the early 21st century and have e.m. Forster spirit help guide a group of young men to tell their own stories 1 May as well begin with is what voice mails 1 May as well be good now with voicemail to his boyfriend see. You are going to die when I tell you what you're missing call me back Toby's had a martini. 'd in the play Forster's middle class Schlegel sisters become boyfriends the upper class Wilcox's. Become a billionaire gay couple who survived the aids crisis and the lower class Leonard Bast is split into 2 characters Adam a young aspiring actor and a street hustler named Leo You cannot adapt to Howard's End and not write about class even when you take these characters and change their millionaire and change the century they live in and change who they fundamentally are the structure of the novel demands that you deal with class and so I decided that that would also be one of the guiding influences in the play this story deals with the middle class give or take even with those who feel obliged to pretend they are. The boy Leo was not he was born he was raised and he gave in poverty it's not just class that drives the play it's generational perspectives Col solar plays a Erik who inherits a rent controlled apartment in New York City and eventually a country house upstate but solar says inheritance means much more in this play there is also the inheritance to younger game then the generation that is coming up right now of a responsibility and a debt to the generation that came before them the generation that fought tirelessly to be able to walk down the street and hold your partner's hand to kiss your husband in public to get married to just truly be accepted for being who you are and love and you love and for 24 year old actor Samuel h. Levine who plays both Adam and Leo learning about the aids generation from the play and the older actors in it has been I opened in I had no idea about this massive loss of a whole generation of people that just fell off the face of the earth we're not taught about that in school no one talks about that really and so yeah for me it was. Just like whoa in the play one of the older characters spells it out tell me the name of one of your closest friends Tristan imagine that Tristen is Dead them another Jasper Jasper is also dead. Jason Jason has been at St Vincent's for 2 weeks actor Paul Hilton plays Walter who describes what it was like to go through the Aids epidemic Hilton says when he does this scene he can hear people in the audience weeping there is an order will rumble Sapulpa Bowl feeling of grief inevitably because we're dealing with so many states and lost spirits playwright Matthew Lopez says he invoked those goes out of his own sense of responsibility I grew up as a young gay man feeling absolute alienation from the generation that came before me and I think that part of the attempt of writing the inheritance was a way of finding compassion for a generation of gay men that I didn't really understand and I realize that I didn't understand them because of the great trauma they experienced that they were simply incapable of being able to turn around and explain to my generation and I needed to not just understand what that was but to feel what that was as e.m. Forster famously wrote in Howard sand only connect only connect the prose and the passion and both will be exalted and human love will be seen at its height for n.p.r. News I'm Jeff Lunden in New York. This is Weekend Edition from n.p.r. News and this is a c.n.n. . Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from c. 3 dot a i c 3 dot AI's software enables organizations to use artificial intelligence at enterprise scale solving previously unsolvable business problems learn more at c 3 dot a I and from Dana Farber Cancer Institute developing ways to use the p.d.-l one pathway in immunotherapy to treat cancer committed to making contributions in cancer treatment for 72 years Dana Farber dot org slash everywhere. Public radio for the north coast of California and the southern coast of Oregon you're listening to. Crescent City. Translators are. From n.p.r. News. This is weekend.