Now demand to hear from the 1st also planned power outages in California are taking a toll on businesses we'll check in with a dairy farmer and new research may explain the link between sleep problems. Sleep is really important for Brain Health. Stories after the news. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm Lakshmi saying House Republicans ever criticize Democrats for launching the impeachment inquiry into allegations President Trump abuse the power of his office in his dealings with Ukraine without a vote but today's vote formalizing the inquiry has only escalated the partisan animist N.P.R.'s Claudio reports Republicans say the move will further divide this country House minority leader Kevin McCarthy said 2 Democrats broke from their party to join Republicans to vote against the measure today the country just witnessed the only bipartisan vote on that floor was against House Judiciary Committee chairman Jerry Nadler said they must protect the Constitution no person Republican or Democrat. President or anyone else should be permitted to jeopardize America's security and reputation for self serving political purposes the lone independent in the house Justin Amash of Michigan voted yes on this n.p.r. News the Capitol a National Security Council official has testified that he raised concerns about President Trump's July phone call with the president Ukraine but the official said he did not think trying to do anything illegal N.P.R.'s Asia Rosco reports that the testimony largely corroborates other witnesses accounts of the administration's conduct toward Ukraine Tim Morrison is a top Russian official for the National Security Council he was on the call between President Trump and Ukrainian president followed a mere Zelinsky in his prepared remarks Morrison said he asked in a c. Legal staff to review the rough log of the conversation during the car trunk press Lewinsky to work with his personal attorney Rudy Giuliani to investigate trials potential presidential rival Joe Biden Democrats called that an abuse of power Morrison said he was worried the content of the call would leak and affect the bipartisan support for Ukraine in Congress he also said he did not think anything illegal had been discussed I used to go in p.r. News the White House. As her colleagues in the u.s. House repair for the next phase of an impeachment battle California freshman congresswoman Katy Hill is resigning she delivered her farewell speech after photos of her in a relationship she had with a former staffer before she took office surfaced she angrily railed against publications of intimate photos today is the 1st time I've left my apartment since the photos taken without my consent or released and I'm scared I'm leaving because for the sake of my community my staff my family and myself I can't allow this to continue Hill admits to a relationship with a female campaign aide but she denies an affair with a male congressional staff member which would violate House Rules an ethics investigation is under way the Dow closed down 140 points this is n.p.r. News. Former New Jersey congressman and u.s. Ambassador William he has died the family says he has passed away yesterday at the age of 87 in Ocean City the Democrat was elected to Congress in 1974 in the wake of the Watergate scandal he went on to serve for 20 years before being named ambassador to Panama Hughes was a driving force in Congress to ban fully automatic firearms and fought to protect New Jersey's coast from ocean dumping and pollution. Reports of a being related lung injury jumped by nearly 300 this week according to the latest tally from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention N.P.R.'s Richard Harris has the details nearly 9500 people of Neben and edified in every state except Alaska with lung injury caused by vaporing the number of reported deaths from babying rose from 34 to 37 this past week the c.d.c. Says most cases involve people who have a pet products containing t.h.c. Marijuana extract health officials continue to warn people to stay away especially from baby products from informal or illicit sources most lung injuries are in young men well most deaths have occurred among older people who have a post Richard Harris n.p.r. News the nation's capital is basking in the glory of a World Series victory the Washington Nationals are scheduled to arrive back home tonight they beat the Houston Astros 62 in game 7 last night it's a Nats 1st title in franchise history the Dow closed down $140.00 points or more than half a percent to end the day at $27046.00 I'm Lakshmi saying n.p.r. News support for n.p.r. Comes from Dana Farber Cancer Institute developing ways to use that p.d.-l one pathway and immunotherapy to treat cancer committed so making contributions and cancer treatments for 72 years Dana Farber dot org slash everywhere. From n.p.r. News it's All Things Considered I'm Mary Louise Kelly and I'm Elsa Chang the impeachment inquiry into President Trump has largely been playing out behind closed doors that is about to change this morning at the Capitol House members voted on a resolution that sets the ground rules as these proceedings move ahead and now the inquiry will be playing out in public before the House Intelligence and Judiciary Committees N.P.R.'s to Mack has been tracking today's developments and joins me now from the Capitol him Hey there so Ari making this next phase of the impeachment inquiry public how might that phase unfold you know Republicans had criticized Democrats for not holding open hearings and for not having authorized the proceedings with a full vote of the house and today's vote was an effort by Democrats to take those arguments away there will soon be open hearings where lawmakers will be questioning the trumpet ministration witnesses on the conduct of the president it's a sad day because nobody comes to Congress to impeach a president of the United States No That's House Speaker Nancy Pelosi who used dramatic language to describe the new developments the times have found us as they found our founders to declare independence to fight a war to win it to right our founding documents in a way that made us or Republicans Democrats are using the language of patriotism and the founding of the Constitution as the basis for their actions in the House they're saying that the United States is System of a republic has been jeopardized by the president's alleged abuse of power but at the same time there were 2 Democrats who voted against this resolution to formalize the inquiry how did they how do they explain why they were doing that so those 2 were Congressman Jeff untrue and Collin Peterson both represent seats where the voters lean Republican venture you said he felt that if the inquiry didn't have bipartisan support it would only serve to divide the country and Peterson said that the impeachment inquiry has so far been quote hopelessly partisan and. He said he had some serious concerns with the lack of transparency so Republicans are seizing on these 2 votes to point out that there was a bipartisan vote today that is a bipartisan vote objecting to proceeding with an impeachment inquiry also point out that an independent Congressman Justin Amash formerly a Republican does support the impeachment inquiry proceeding Ok Republicans as we pointed out have been very critical of the process because it was behind closed doors for weeks so as the public phase gets underway do you expect Republicans to shift gears with their arguments their strategy well they're not quite done with criticizing the process for example Congressman Steve Scalise continues to call the impeachment inquiry a quote Soviet style process but as the impeachment inquiry opens up into public hearings we're kind of noticing a little bit of a change House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy is now defending the substandard behavior of the president by using secret interviews and selective leaks to portray the president's legitimate actions as an impeachable offense Democrats are continuing their permanent campaign to under mine is legitimacy so as you can see Republicans are defending the behavior of the president rather than just criticizing the nature of the Democratic led investigation Ok And as this vote was happening a top National Security Council was testifying behind closed doors today what do we know about what he has been telling House committees so Morrison was on that now famous July 25th phone call between Trump and the Ukrainian president he said he fled the phone call for White House lawyers after the phone call occurred he said he was worried that the call and the request could undermine bipartisan support in Washington d.c. For the government but like many Republicans Morrison said he didn't think anything illegal had occurred Congressman Tom Allen ascii a Democrat was in the room when the testimony was happening behind closed doors he said that the question of illegality wasn't more. Person's call to make the only thing we're interested in here is figuring out what the facts are not the opinions of various people but what the facts are with respect to the president's conduct it's for us to judge whether that's appropriate So going forward we expect more closed door depositions next week and then soon after that for open hearings authorized today to start That's N.P.R.'s to mad on Capitol Hill thanks Jim thanks a lot now let's 0 in on the saga of the whistleblower whose complaint launched the impeachment investigation President Trump and his supporters have repeatedly called for that person's identity to be revealed in commonsense tweets the president has asked over and over where is the whistleblower lawyers for the whistleblower say this person is supposed to remain anonymous they also contend that the initial complaint has now been superseded by testimony that others have provided to congressional committees including as we just heard more testimony today n.p.r. National security correspondent Greg Myre is here hi greg Hey Mary Louise what are the president and his backers doing to try to out the whistleblower Well as you noted this has been a constant refrain from the president he says he has a right to face his accuser and Republicans in Congress clearly want to know who this person is and clay they want to be able to challenge his credibility Here's Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio speaking yesterday you always look for 2 states when a whistleblower comes forward did they have firsthand knowledge and what is their bias and or motive this individual who never he maybe has problems in both areas so we're hearing reports from this congressional testimony recently that some Republicans have been asking witnesses who did you talk to you know trying to sort of ferret out who the whistleblower might be or who sources might be Democrats been pushing a back back against this then we're also seeing conservative media and social media outlets as speculating on. On who this person might be mentioned that the whistleblowers lawyers are also pushing back against the idea that this person should be outed What are they saying right so I spoke with Mark Zaid he's wanted to attorneys for the whistleblower and he says both the attorneys and the whistleblowers have received death threats so safety is a is a real issue he said and he addressed these points that Jim Jordan raised he noted the whistleblowers complaint has been corroborated by several witnesses that have gone before the committees and he adds they provided much more background in greater detail than the original complaint here yes it's amazing that people were criticizing the individuals not having firsthand information but yet now demand to hear from this person so Worst of all well absolutely nothing to the factual equation which means the only reason why people are trying to out this individual is for partisan purposes so that is the lawyer what about the law itself Greg what does the law say about protecting protecting the density of this person especially since we know this person comes from the u.s. Intelligence community right so this process and there is a specific process for whistleblowers in the intelligence community and it's supposed to provide anonymity not all that many people in the intelligence community come forward many see it is very very risky for their careers now Mark saving knowledge that there's actually little legal recourse if a member of Congress or a media outlet were to divulge the name and the history of whistleblowers has not always been a happy one because often the name has been leaked before Yeah and once it's out it's out there's no walking a back you can't you can't and here it. Now the sources close to dismissing it as a the initially were some discussions about having the whistleblower testify in some form but there's been no agreement and there are no active discussions at the moment just briefly Greg. To the point that was a bill or complaint has now been superseded by. All this other testimony just walk us through what we've learned what gaps have been filled in since that complaint came to light I think it's become much broader in terms of how far back it went for example one more memory of on of it she was the ambassador she says Way back in the summer of 2018 she 1st heard wind of a campaign against her that's one example another would be this week twice this week we've heard testimony from people who are in the Situation Room and more in listening on the phone call that is N.P.R.'s Greg my race Thank you Greg thank you . Ed is hollowing a night when you expect to see witches ghosts and vampires all just pretend ones of course but in real life there are scientists who study vampires vampire bats that is N.P.R.'s Nell Greenfieldboyce reports on a new study that reveals the warm fuzzy side of these bloodthirsty little beasts a common vampire bat doesn't actually suck blood it uses its teeth to make a small cut on say a cow then it laps at the wound drinking about a tablespoon of blood they need to do this basically every night so if they miss tonight's their very very week if they miss 3 nights they will probably die Jerry Carter is a researcher at the Ohio State University he says a desperately hungry bat isn't hopeless because back at the Hollow Tree or wherever it lives it can find fellow bats who are willing to regurgitate a bit of their last bloody meal so that the other can eat the females all do this for their offspring but they also do it for adults including unrelated adults and adult bats that share food with each other develop bonds Carter has studied this in common vampire bats that he captured in Panama and kept in the lab we can just take a bat deprive it of food for a while put it back and then see who is willing to share food with it and we can just see this repeated. Over time certain pairs of bats were more likely to share food back and forth they became buddies Carter watched these relationships strengthen over time in about 2 dozen female bats that he kept for nearly 2 years just before these bats were released back into the wild the researchers glued on tiny sensors for over a week the sensors checked each bats proximity to all the other tagged bats every 2 seconds in the journal Current Biology the researchers report their findings bats that were close pals in captivity generally continued to hang out even when they were free to fly anywhere the study fascinating Sarah Brosnan wasn't part of this research team she studies social relationships in animals at Georgia State University if a bat can have a friend or have an associate or maintain these relationships or whatever you want to call it then that suggests that maybe it doesn't require as much cognitive capacity as we've typically assume she says a word like friendship can be controversial when it comes to animals but I think a case could be made that it is a friendship with the appropriate carry out the plied those caviar It's being that for a vampire bats friendship mostly involves hanging together in the dark and sharing the taste of blood Nell Greenfieldboyce n.p.r. News. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. And. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from me on with parasite a dark comedy thriller about 2 very different families whose fates Cross-in a tale of class greed and deception now playing in select cities parasite dash movie for more theater info from the Joyce Foundation committed to advancing racial equity and economic mobility for the next generation in the Great Lakes region learn more it Joyce f t n dot org And from the listeners who support this n.p.r. Station. This is All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm Mary Louise Kelly and I'm Ailsa Chang firefighters are still trying to contain wildfires burning across California and as part of the effort to prevent additional fires the state's largest utility Pacific Gas and Electric has been deliberately cutting power to millions of residents even residents who are relatively far away from the current wildfires businesses in California are taking a real hit from these rolling power outages which can last several days at a time and to talk more about that toll we're joined now by Cody Nicholson Stratton he's a dairy farmer in the northern California town of fun Dale welcome hello so I just Mr Know by giving people an idea of how much your business relies on like tricity because I guess a different farm may not seem to suffer an obvious ways when there's a blackout compared to say like a laundromat or a restaurant can you just tell us how much your farm depends on electricity Well our farms entirely dependent on electricity we use that to run our no barn which is a twice a day operation for about 78 hours we need power to cool our milk tanks to maintain legal temperatures as well as to run electric pumps to Paul water for the cattle to ensure that they have water throughout the day and so as far as keeping the farm operational and cows healthy and happy we need our constantly but I mean I imagine that you do expect occasional blackouts to occur like as a result of storms so how do these planned longer power outages how different do they feel compared to say naturally occurring blackouts there's a different we do plan on power outages However knowing they're coming and having them last for several days opposed to a couple hours is quite a bit different for us there's also a level of uncertainty with them as far as. The different agency is relaying different information in different timelines as to when power is going out which results in us generally running on generators when we may still have power because we can't lose power during bulking Wow What about for curing enough fuel to run these generators does that become a problem so we were able to fill our on farm field Thanks in advance but there's definitely been rationing within the county and still selling out and you know for a business that becomes a problem. Mention is for individual families Yeah yeah so it sounds like there are tremendous ripple effects that happen when there is this planned power outage you just give me a picture of how your daily life has been reordered during one of these blackouts are farms for multi-generational and there are several family members that work on it and as a result of the wildfires my dad actually is a volunteer firefighter left and is fighting fire which left me alone on the farm you know I get up now it 2 o'clock to start generators I will have to stay up until 10 or later to make sure that cows have water and my night went from 6 to 7 hours of sleep to 2 or 3 at a time that's incredible how much money do you think your farm has lost directly because of these planned power outages by p.g. Any I mean I won't know for sure until the bills come I suppose but we've definitely seen a decrease in production despite the fact that we do our best to make sure that they have water there's always difficulties in keeping water in front of them which decreases production so we're making less snow and then we're spending quite a bit more on diesel so I'm sure there's going to be a bit of a anomic loss for us in this I mean when you're looking at the whole situation though do you feel like you could blame p.g. And e. For doing this or do you think that they're handling the problem in a way the. It's unnecessarily costly to people like you I think at the end of the day we we have family that lost homes and the 2017 fires in Santa Rosa and we have family in the Healdsburg and Windsor area that's been impacted as well as friends that farm down there and I understand eating to shut the power off and I think it's a hardship personally that I'm willing to bear if it saves families and save human lives Well I wish you all the best Cody Nicholson Stratton is a dairy farmer based in Ferndale California thank you very much for joining us thank you researchers have long been puzzled by the relationship between sleep and all timers new research may help solve that puzzle N.P.R.'s Jon Hamilton reports on a study suggesting that the brain waves produced during deep sleep trigger a process that washes away toxins in our brains people with old timers often have sleep problems and sleep problems appear to make people more vulnerable to old timers but Laura Lewis of Boston University says there's never been a good explanation for this connection you know it's been known for a long time that sleep is really important for Brain Health but why it is you know is more mysterious Lewis was part of a team that wanted to solve the mystery so they found a way to watch what was going on in the brains of 11 sleeping people Lewis says one of the things they monitored was the liquid that flows through the brain and spinal cord it's called cerebral spinal fluid or c s f and that's when we discovered that during sleep there are these really large slow way it's occurring maybe once every 20 seconds a c.s.f. Washing into the brain like the oscillations of a very slow washing machine earlier studies of animals had found that the flow of c.s.f. Increases during sleep and helps carry away waste products including the toxins associated with all timers but loses team was able to see this process occur in the brains of people in real time and that led to another discovery before each wave of fluid we would actually see. A wave of electrical activity in the neurons this electrical wave always happens 1st. Of all the sins to follow seconds later suggesting that the electrical wave was triggering each wash cycle that brain wave was a very familiar one called a slow wave slow waves appear when a person enters the state known as deep sleep and Lewis says they play a role in both memory and brain disease it's already known that people with Alzheimer's disease have less of these electrophysiological slow it so they have smaller and she very slow Louis's Dudie which appears in the journal Science suggests that this reduction in slow waves is reducing wash cycles in the brain and she says that would limit the brain's ability to clear out the toxins associated with all timers it would make sense that if there's a large waves of fluid of c.s.f. That that might in turn caused mixing a dispersion of all kinds of other flutes in the brain and help with this waste removal process Louis is team made one more discovery about sleeping brains as the flow of cerebral spinal fluid increases blood flow decreases less blood in the brain means more room for c.s.f. To carry away waste Lewis says the brain self cleaning system all seems to depend on getting the right kind of sleep some disruption to the way sleep is parking could potentially contributing to the decline in brain health including all timers William j. Guest at the University of California Berkeley says the finding fits nicely with other research on sleep and Alzheimers disease just was part of a team that studied the relationship between slow wave sleep and a toxin called beta amyloid which accumulates in the brains of people with Alzheimer's he says they found something a bit disturbing it's a vicious cycle where I am a lawyer decreases sleep and decrease sleep results in more beta amyloid Jagers says the new study suggests the increase in amyloid could be the result of less waste removal in the brain he says it's likely that all timers like heart disease has more than one cause there are a bunch of things that are probably contributing to people's likelihood to get. And I think. It's going to turn out to be one of them Jon Hamilton n.p.r. News. This is n.p.r. News. That's some good news in the Arctic a team of climate researchers are celebrating they're about to attach their ship to a massive chunk of sea ice but as temperatures there rising is a yearlong expedition safe with her sound on the surface going to ramble on. Slowly this crack form right under literally right under our feet pretty cool on the next Morning Edition from n.p.r. News. It's All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm Miles the Chuang And I'm Mary Louise Kelly coming up a new t.v. Adaptation of His Dark Materials a classic book trilogy We'll talk to the producer about the challenge of bringing books to t.v. It's about staying true to the story that you're telling it's all about testing the film ends on a really good story was something to say no news. Live from n.p.r. News in Culver City California time to Wayne Brown on Capitol Hill a former top White House aide told members of Congress he raised concerns about President Trump's call with the president of Ukraine but he didn't think Trump did anything illegal as N.P.R.'s winter Johnson tells us to Morrison was the top European policy official for Russia Maurice and for the most part confirmed much of what top diplomat William Taylor said in earlier testimony about Trump's efforts to press Ukraine to investigate his political rival though Morrison deviated on some of the details Marson was the president's top adviser on Russian and European security matters he acknowledges he boys concerns over charmes July 23rd phone call with the Ukrainian leader Maurice and announced Wednesday he is resigning from the National Security Council That's N.P.R.'s Windsor Johnston the testimony comes as the House approved rules for its impeachment inquiry of President Trump along party lines today it's the 1st formal action on a process that could stretch into the 20 twentieth's lection year in Northern California utility company p.g. And e. Says power is back on for more than 90 percent of its customers affected by wind driven wildfires but as N.P.R.'s Doualy Cyc how Towle reports many homes remain without power due to safety concerns p.g. And e. Says it has about 6300 people on the ground and some 40 helicopters working to inspect power lines spokeswoman Jennifer Robinson says in the last 5 days crews have already found more than 80 problems related to high winds that's really important because that kind of damage can lead to potential wildfire starts of power lines are not shut off so we're still assessing damages that occurred during the October 29th 50 shut off in southern California where an extreme red flag warning remains in effect So Cal Edison says currently more than 80000 customers have no power because you're listening to n.p.r. . Trick or treaters can expect a pretty good haul this hollowing N.P.R.'s Scott Horsley tells us spending on candy in the u.s. Is expected to hit 2700000000 dollars this month Forecasters say the average household spent just over $21.00 on candy this Halloween season that's a jump of 3.6 percent from last year economists David dual of h.s. Market who compiles the candy index says it's another sign of healthy consumer spending although growth has slowed from this time last year you indulge yourself a little bit when times are sweet the extra spending doesn't necessarily translate to more sugary treats However while overall inflation remains muted dool says Candy prices have spiked 3.9 percent this year the biggest jump in 8 years Scott Horsley n.p.r. News Washington they trumpet ministration and China are working to settle details of a modest trade deal that sidestep some of the biggest issues dividing the world's biggest economies President Trump says they are working to secure a new site for the signing of a tentative trade truce that represents about 60 percent of the total deal in ministration as wrangled with Beijing for 15 months over allegations that China steals technology and forces u.s. Businesses to hand over trade secrets stocks finish lower across the board on Wall Street today led by bank and tech shares you are listening to n.p.r. News. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Fidelity Investments taking a personalized approach to helping clients grow preserve and manage their wealth learn more at fidelity dot com slash wealth fidelity brokerage services l.l.c. From the group or family foundation supporting N.P.R.'s efforts to promote deeper thinking broader perspectives and trusted fact based information always with the goal of creating a more informed public and from listeners like you who donate to this n.p.r. Station. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm else the Chuang And Mary Louise Kelly there was a vote in the House of Representatives today it was a procedural vote all about process but that Mundine description belies the significance of what happened which was that lawmakers approved what will be the ground rules for the impeachment inquiry as it goes forward and forward it goes if the House passes articles of impeachment a more likely outcome after today the Senate will have to hold an impeachment trial one person who would serve as a juror in such a trial is Republican Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana he joins me now from Capitol Hill Senator welcome to All Things Considered thank you very loose I want to start with a quick process question or 2 and then we will turn to substance but let's start with this vote today because you have argued that the impeachment process is illegitimate without a formal vote authorizing it the house has no hold a formal vote authorizing it are you satisfied Well of course they should have the have the formal vote but it almost as a sense of. Oh window dressing or a fait accompli that was initiated in the president was sworn in and there was a headline on the day the president was inaugurated in order rated which said the process to impeach the press the president has begun or to impeach Trump has begun or the push to impeach Trump has begun and so I just kind of shake my head looking at this and yes I'm glad they have the process vote that's what they should have done nationally they've done it and now we're going to go on again just seems a fait accompli that they're going to issue articles of impeachment no matter whatever so we'll see. So I'm just going to shake my head a little bit I have a broad question which is Is there any impeachment process any impeachment rules that you would support or be open to is that is there any way Democrats could structure this that you would find legitimate you know from what I've read so far and I've not read extensively but what I've read so far there is limitations of poem and what does is that the minority can bring So obviously I'd rather there not be such limitations so you know that the ranking Republican on the House Intelligence Committee will be able to issue subpoenas are issued to snap that yeah but I don't I know as well that there can be some of those can be squashed if you will that no we're not going to allow that to happen. Didn't seem quite. Equal in terms of the ability to both call witnesses and to explore certain avenues between the 2 parties I mean I'll just note the house has never in modern times granted the minority party in this case Republicans you know lateral subpoena authority in an investigation so there wouldn't be precedent for that but I mean you and I could discuss process all day and I'm really curious to to some of the substance questions. And focusing you on the president's actions as they have been publicly documented through testimony and texts and so on thus far. Does anything that you have learned about the president's actions give you pause. Well you asked me 2 different questions kind of wrapped up in a one does it give pause Yes Is it a high crime misdemeanor Well so far I've not seen anything that is now I have to say I will be a jor so I can go into depth about that which has only been selectively leaked so far we've not heard both sides we've not had a defense we've only had a if you will a prosecution and so as a juror I have to wait to actually hear a defense on the other hand there's a difference between lapsed judgment and a high crime a misdemeanor between something that gives you pause and something that might be impeachable is the case you're asking. A central question throughout this proceeding is is this when is it acceptable to ask a foreign government to investigate your domestic political rival but again that's obviously what they've focused on and I guess the ancillary question of the related question is is that a high crime a misdemeanor if you do so if they're able to establish Yes indeed apparently there's disagreement over that but if they're able to establish Yes indeed it was then is that a misdemeanor an impeachable offense and by the way I mean there's been testimony under oath to that effect Colonel. Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Venkman who serves on the president's National Security Council a decorated Army officer he has said I do not think it was proper to demand that a foreign government investigate a u.s. Citizen he reported it to the National Security Council attorney so. Take those concerns seriously of course you take them seriously now again I'll be a juror they'll be those that dispute that interpretation again that is 2 sides of an argument as a juror expect to hear both sides and then the other questions we mentioned earlier is that a high crime or misdemeanor and again if you have folks who are cross-examining and maybe there is a different take than the one that the colonel who as far as I understand is a great American I'm not casting any aspersions upon hearing. But again doesn't rise to high crime is to me. And by the way in all this let's also be clear there's an opportunity cost v.n. Exacted on getting other things done and so if we want to focus on lowering the cost of health care the surprise medical billing drug costs etc All of the other things that would be on Congress has played absolutely exactly one engage with one last thing to put you if I may in the in the moments we have left what it rise in your view to the category of high crimes and misdemeanors if it were proven that $400000000.00 nearly $400000000.00 in security aid had been withheld for the purpose of advancing a personal political agenda so you're asking me a theoretical I'm asking if that were proven would that be an impeachable if you ask me as a juror it's a set of circumstances we're given absent of any context or anything else and I'm frankly I can answer that I will have a chance to answer that if that is the hypothetical that to me becomes reality because putting on the record to that effect thus far they are going to be people that dispute it and so you're asking me to say Ok let's see what has already been leaked and make a decision based upon that without hearing anything else and so why don't we just wait Mary Louise I know it makes better radio and I'm not attacking you I'm just saying it makes better radio to actually ask the hypothetical but if someone is going to be a juror I'm going to refrain from addressing that well and I appreciate your being on the record here and saying you're keeping an open mind Senator Bill Cassidy Republican from Louisiana thanks very much for your time thank you Mary Louise good to speak with you I want to bring in n.p.r. Political reporter to Mack who is on Capitol Hill and has been with us this hour you heard that Tim what did you hear there from Senator Cassidy in terms of the message that Republicans are crafting as this inquiry moves forward a few things on process a lot of Republicans are saying that hey Democrats are filled with this hatred of the president that this process is preordained it doesn't matter what the substance of the president's behavior is they want to remove him regardless and on the substance of the allegations against the president Republicans have been a. Going hate that the president may have done something wrong but he didn't do anything particular that was in particular that was criminal Now Democrats of have argued that hey we have kept an open mind this entire process and if you talk to a lot of leaders in the Democratic Party in the house they will say look we have not wanted an impeachment process over the last 2 years or approximately 2 years a lot of Democrats have not wanted to go down this road it's just that they say the president behavior warrants now a kind of inquiry as you have been reporting over on the House side there was total unity behind the president today no Republicans voted for this authorization this resolution to to authorize to formally authorize the impeachment inquiry do you see anything different unfolding on the Senate side there's been a little bit of criticism and skepticism of the president from some Republicans in the Senate I'd point to senators like Mitt Romney Susan Collins Lisa Murkowski they refused to sign on to a resolution by Senator Lindsey Graham criticizing the House impeachment process so those are the kinds of people to watch as this process unfolds All right thank you for watching them for us N.P.R.'s to Mack at the Capitol thank you Jim Thanks a lot. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. 40 years ago in Greensboro North Carolina 5 people were killed during a coup Klux Klan in Neo Nazi massacre they were community activists who were trying to organize textile mill workers this weekend a conference will celebrate the lives of those killed and explore the responses to right wing violence then and now David Ford from member station reports on that November day in 1979 throngs of people gathered at a housing project in Greensboro. Several t.v. Stations including w. F.m. Why were there at the start of the anti Cook's Klan March in conference the Reverend Nelson Johnson helped organize it rose early that morning and I was a little trouble because the fall was thick but by about 930 the fog started to lift and it was a beautiful bright sunny day and I was feeling quite jubilant a few hours later that feeling turned to terror when 10 cars carrying dozens of American Nazi Party and k.k.k. Members stormed Dan I was fighting for my alliance I'm not say charged may well pull along which I tried to drop and bring it up to read my contest suss out a block the rough by the knife went through. And I can't let this fail to this day the protesters also had guns and as the shots faded Johnson saw the bodies of his friends lying motionless the Greensboro Police Department nowhere to be found Johnson says he felt utterly betrayed when the police did arrive they wrestled him to the ground and hauled him to jail 6 years later in a civil suit filed by survivors against the city a jury found 8 people including 2 police and their informant liable for the death of Dr Mike Nathan who was among the 5 shot and killed his wife physician and activist Marty Nathan says the city's settlement was not enough she wants officials in Greensboro to address head on what their predecessors did rebuke the cover up and assure people it will never be. Repeated and I need that my daughter needs that she was 6 months old at the time she never knew her father because they let this happen and I want her to be able to come to Greensboro one day and say Ok I feel safe here for people like Marty Nathan the work to remember the events of that day continues She says even decades later just getting the word massacre on the city's historical marker was considered a major victory Here's Greensboro as current mayor Nancy Vaughan It was a statement of regret for the loss of lives and for those who were injured and we know that it has divided this community and we are committed that something like that would never happen again Mayor Vonn concedes this will continue to be a divisive issue here choreographer Ana Maria out of it is finds the word divisive in this context confusing after all she says this is about her family both parents union organizers witnessing the murder of their closest friends at the hands of Klansman and neo nazis if a continuous healing and a controller is building a movement and a legacy of and that we owe it to the ground for a 5 to continue to move forward powerfully and stop. The fight as the community reflects on what happened 40 years ago artists like wow that is are coming together harnessing the lessons and horrors of the past and transforming them through the joy of song and dance she says it's one way to inspire future activism and honor the past for n.p.r. News I'm David Ford in Winston Salem North Carolina. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. The Eve. Of the. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm not the Chang and I'm Mary Louise Kelly turn on h.b.o. This Sunday night and you will see an epic adventure unfold it's a perilous rescue mission set in a fantastical world filling a game of thrones sized hole in the network's programming I am the Western kid and I'm Austin you already yourselves to travel north ready on line. And ready yourself to bring our children all. His Dark Materials it was originally a classic trilogy of books by author Philip Pullman adapting such beloved stories for the screen is no easy feat and our co-host Audie Cornish spoke to the woman who pulled it off hi Mr Hunter how are you get thank you Ok in an alternate universe Jane Tranter never ended up in television at all back in 1905 she was about to take a job with the Royal Shakespeare Company but then another offer popped up Secretary in the radio drama department at the b.b.c. They were working without a minute at the time and I saw my go to foreign secretary in radio on might get pick up the phone. So I took that job instead Tranter never did speak with the famous American playwright but she also didn't answer the phones for long she learned the art of dramatic production and jumped to the television side eventually became an executive 34 years later she's one of the most prolific producers around she rebooted Dr who she helped launch a dramas like The night of and succession His Dark Materials might be her most vicious project yet one that required a deft hand to bring a complex trauma to life it's about staying true to the story that you're telling no matter whether or not you're doing contemporary pace or whether or not you're doing a big fantasy like his don't materials it's all about text and performance and a really good story was something to say I want to come back to that in a moment but I want to get a little bit to the story itself which is. Super complicated Binya deployed on screen you have this young girl she's at the center of the story her friend has been kidnapped and this connects to a broader kind of conspiracy of kidnapped children can you describe what Lyra is like this girl at the center of the story she is a spirited go who will zig when everyone else is getting prepared to stick up for what she believes in but more than anything else really one of the great gifts that for the Pullman gave us in this adaptation was to create a heroine who is the age that she is so she's crazy the heroine who is a 13 year old so often in these kind of fantasy pieces where you have a youngster at the heart of it that young children who are behaving like adults who make adult decisions or have a sense of understanding that is an adult understanding Lyra does what she does because she has a 13 year old's decisions as to who to trust or who not to trust are essentially quite childish decisions and I think part of for that poor man's ability to do that for us is because at the time he was writing these books he was a middle school teacher. Interested and inspired by this particular age group and wanted to find a way of telling their stories I didn't realize that because I have to admit there were moments where her behavior took me back to that time personally Here's a clip in which she's having an argument with an adult caretaker. These complicated somethings you're better off not knowing I am. Now I feel confident I can play that out of context because it applies literally any bread and sex. When you're that age and for. Please i'm days as an adult I feel that but can you talk about this theme in young adult novels and in her answering by saying I'm so bored of it you know not that I'm frustrated but I'm bored with that answer Well actually the 1st thing I should say is that I would not categorize his Don't materials as young adult novels Philip Pullman always says about the novels that he has written adult novels that children should and could reach so you can understand the novels as a fantastic roller coaster adventure rides or you can take it down a level and see that it's actually a story about a 13 year old go who literally goes through puberty during the course of the trilogy which I certainly haven't seen before and I think that's Will suggested to me that actually this could play out on h.b.o. I think the complexity of the piece I think the provocation of idea and scene and topic of the piece all fails quintessentially h.b.o. And after Game of Thrones I was going to say there has to be some pressure there because people have talked about the future of h.b.o. Did you feel that only did not feel the app I would have felt that if I was making an adult male fantasy a full throttle all sex and violence act all in ensuring a thrills and spills peace in that Game of Thrones vein I would not want to step into the shadow of Game of Thrones if I was doing was adapting his Don't materials you still have your own pressures though I mean I know that there was this big budget adaptation in 2007 movie The Golden Compass didn't do that well. Was that in the back of your mind at all if you're trying to create this series you are right that we certainly do. Kinds of pressure but the film wasn't one of them it was impossible to make a good film out all of these novels bake. I think that that to bake that t.g. Child there was too much stuff left on the floor and the plot had to be sort of generalized and you couldn't go into all the complexity and all the twists and turns since after I felt quite confident about it so I have always felt that The Golden Compass was very suitable to television annotation it was just a question of waiting from 2007 to 2015 when I got the rights for television to catch up and to suggest that that might be the case your description of the show and just talking about all the different elements in it it's very clear this this has all the elements of a good drama I know you didn't get to meet Arthur Miller the member of pick up the phone and talk to him but you know going this many years on do you feel like you've come a long way you know from Secretary of Defense radio drama department Yes I mean like that. I'm not pass and he's particularly prone to looking back and thinking about the journey I'm normally such of just to help him on the journey that I'm on you sound like Larry when you say that what I always I always think of I mean inside me I thought like this will make is don't materials I think that often in life in a slight you know on a tight right and I am the sort of pass and I get on that tight rope and I will look ahead at the vision of what is there on the other side and cool to everyone get on this tight rope as well but whatever you do don't know down so it's kind of exciting and terrifying at the same time but I don't know back very much because I think if I did I probably would fall off that type. Well Jane Tranter thank you so much for telling us your story and as well as the story of His Dark Materials much appreciated thank you thank you. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. Support for n.p.r. 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