In moscow. But he didnt even organize a crowd to protest. Rather, he stood there, quietly, on his own, holding a sign. No violence, no crowds, and no chanting. Just one man standing alone. But because of that, he was sent to jail, where he says he has been tortured. Now his wife is also standing out in the cold on her own, this time at the prison gates, waiting and hoping desperately for his release. Our reporter birgit virnich decided to wait with her. Birgit this is gulag country. Rubtsovsk in siberia. 5000 prisoners are held in this penal colony. For days, anastasia has been waiting in the icy cold for her husband, ildar dadin, to be released. His conviction has been overturned. In letters, he described how he was tortured in prison. Anastasia in this one he writes the director of the penal colony and three men came and beat me, several times a day. Birgit they thrust my head down the toilet. They hung me up by handcuffs, pulled down my underpants and told me that if i didnt end my hunger strike, i would be raped. Ildar begged her to publish the letters, but she knew that if she did, it could cost him his life. Anastasia when he wrote that he would only last a week, we knew that if we did nothing, he wouldnt survive. We knew that if we published the letters, they would either kill him, or it would all work out. Birgit she published the letters, sparking an immediate outcry. But what really happened . Who is ildar dadin . Ildar dadin staged silent protests by standing in a public Place Holding antiputin posters, usually on his own. Demonstrations are rarely allowed in russia these days, and the state came down hard. Ildar they are beating people. They beat me in the face. Others, too. Birgit dadin became the First Political prisoner convicted under a new law prescribing harsh punishment for repeat violations of russias strict protest rules. He was originally sentenced to three years. Ildar i hope that i have the strength to withstand it. Birgit he was sent to a labor camp, put in solitary confinement and tortured. Russian tv reported that he was insubordinate. Humanrights lawyer Valery Borshov visited dadin in the camp and confirmed that torture of Political Prisoners was taking place. Valery torture is practiced in a number of penal colonies. Theyve been given carte blanche. People convicted of extremism and terrorism are sent there. The prison directors have the authority to act outside the law. Birgit anastasia worried for days before her husband was finally released. The Supreme Court quashed his jail term, but the authorities took their time about actually releasing him. Anastasia is overjoyed that hes out. But once theyre home, its clear that hes a changed man. His time behind bars has taken its toll. He often loses his train of thought. Ildar insists on showing anastasia just how they tortured him. Sometimes he had to stand with his legs splayed for hours until he collapsed. The descriptions are hard for his wife to bear. She pleads with him to stop. She hopes she can help him recover. But it wont be easy without any money. They intend to demand compensation. Shed like them to leave russia straight away, but ildar is determined to stay and fight for the rights of other prisoners. He says that russias penal colonies havent improved since the days of the soviet gulags. Ildar i will stay here as long as it takes for the system to break down. For russia to respect human rights not just theoretically in the constitution. Until then, ill stay here and keep on fighting. Birgit ildar dadin gets a warm reception at his first public appearance after his release. He says he wouldnt have survived his time in prison without the support of his fellow activists. Damien some have lost their jobs. Others have been thrown into jail without a trial. Thats the fate of many critics of turkeys president , recep tayyip erdogan. Theyre accused of supporting an attempt last year to overthrow erdogans government. The coup itself failed, but it has led to a clampdown on anyone at all who dares to criticize the turkish government. Which is why some of those critics have fled turkey. And now, even many young openminded turks are leaving, not necessarily because theyre oppressed, but simply because they no longer feel at home in erdogans turkey. Reporter ozgur and deniz might never have met in their home country, but theyve become Close Friends in athens. They both left turkey because they wanted to live in freedom and safety. They had the courage to talk to us about turkish president recep tayyip erdogan, who they believe is driving turkey to ruin. Ozgur theyre not the real side of the turkish people. Theyre not what we are. We just learn friendship, we just learn peace at home, peace at world, at the school from Mustafa Kemal ataturk. This is how we grew up. We grew up with love, we grew up with sharing. Deniz nowadays, for the last couple of years, its been only like, oh yeah, weve been feeling sorry for you, another bomb exploded. It sounds like our specialty is exploding bombs in turkey, nothing about kebabs. Ozgur yeah, its our national sport. Reporter deniz and ozgur are two of thousands who have left their home, but most do not dare openly criticize the political situation in turkey because they are worried about their families back home. Those who are young, welleducated, and not religious can lead a happier life in greece. Tasos telloglou is a greek journalist who thinks that erdogan might actually be pleased that some people are leaving turkey. Tasos its a little bit like east germany, when the people who could, lets say, be a little bit difficult, simply left. Those who could be difficult for erdogan are leaving now. In other words, the urbaneducated classes who are against him. Reporter telloglou was the first journalist to talk to the eight turkish pilots who fled to greece after the attempted coup last july. Theyre still living at a Police Station for their own safety. When greeces Supreme Court refused to extradite them, the turkish reaction was harsh. Tasos all their wives lost their jobs, all the families lost their apartments, the children were forced to leave school, and the pilots qualifications were annulled. Reporter more and more turks are requesting political asylum in greece. Those with money are investing in real estate. Few Real Estate Agents wanted to talk on camera, but vasilis axarlis was prepared to show us an apartment similar to those that he has been selling to turks recently. Vasilis ive sold apartments like this one to a doctor and a lawyer. At the moment, were in negotiations with a businessman. Its easy to get a residence permit if you invest a minimum of 250,000 euros in real estate. Its valid for five years and can be renewed if the apartment isnt resold. Reporter deniz and ozgur tend to hang out with other turks after work. Most of them feel comfortable in their country of exile despite the traditional political tensions between greece and turkey and what they were told growing up ozgur i grew up with the hate speeches against greece. They killed our women, they killed the pregnant ladies. And viceversa here, and in greece it was the same. And then i come here and it is the best country ive ever been. Its the best people. Its like the same. Deniz i try to avoid to talk about whats happening in turkey when we are sitting in a small group, or whatsoever, because it doesnt contribute to anything. It doesnt contribute to our Current Situation here, it doesnt help anything, and it also makes us more stressful. What if we go back there . Reporter since they dont know when or if theyll ever go back to turkey, theyre making the most of life in greece. Damien its just like a small danish village. It has a shopping street, a fitness center, and a library. But this isnt any ordinary village it is reserved for people with dementia. And its the first of its kind in denmark. With europes population ageing, projects like this are getting a lot of interest here. So we decided to visit to see just how residents are settling in. Reporter in denmarks first dementia village, people who dont always recognize the world around them can move around freely and safely. The town of svendborg created this place especially for people suffering from alzheimers disease and other types of dementia. Here, patients arent shut up in their rooms the village has an opendoor policy. Nina borup is 74 and suffers from alzheimers disease. Together with the project leader, she shows us around the village and a construction site. Nina theyre making a garden. And a little lake or a big lake. Annette and therell be a trailer here. Nina oh i like camping. We never had a caravan of our own, but wed rent one and take it on holiday. Reporter and where did you do . In denmark . Do you remember where you went . Nina i cant remember. Denmark and another land, another country. Reporter this is part of the concept of the dementia village. It aims to bring back memories of happy times. Annette because its what you can remember, and it has been a nice time for the residents. And, yeah, so thats quite important. Thats where you feel safe. Reporter nina enjoys these moments of clarity, but to make sure she and the other residents dont get lost, the village is enclosed by a fence. There are 125 apartments here, on what were once ordinary streets and squares. But now theyre reserved for people like this woman, who enjoy the peace and quiet. And also for those who prefer a little action. Nina loves to be around people. Every friday theres a singalong at the restaurant in the heart of the village. Its not just something to keep the patients busy its an event. Residents remember the days when they went out dancing and enjoyed a drink or two. Here they can feel not much has changed. But this place is special to nina for another reason, too. Nina i used to work in the office of the svendborg brewery. And it was located right here, in the place i now live. It was a big brewery. Reporter unlike most patients in nursing homes, here, residents are encouraged to take on responsibilities. Its part of their therapy. They shop and pay for items at the village boutique. Handling money is both a challenge and a boost for dementia patients. And speaking of money, the dementia village is financed by the town of svendborg. An association raises money to provide residents with a few extras. But the village is also a research project. Scientists are monitoring life here to learn how to best manage dementia. For nina, being able to live in her own four walls is the biggest bonus. This Community Also gives her a sense of belonging. She no longer feels so alone. If it becomes necessary, shell be cared for around the clock. Still, nina borup hopes that, with help from the dementia village, shell remain independent for as long as possible. Damien looks like a lovely place to be elderly. Now, whenever ive met elderly people whove survived the holocaust, ive always been struck by how many are determined to talk about their experiences to prevent such brutality ever happening again. And thats certainly the case with 91yearold Shlomo Graber. He miraculously survived nazi forced labor, the death marches, and three concentration camps. Today he lives in switzerland, where he has devoted his life to making sure the tragedy of the holocaust is never forgotten. Reporter Shlomo Graber says that he survived hell, as did his father. The rest of his loved ones were not so fortunate. Most died in the holocaust. Yet, he feels very little resentment today. Shlomo why should i have any hatred . The current generations have absolutely nothing to do with that. Reporter Shlomo Graber was born in czechoslovakia and grew up in hungary, but hes lived in basel in switzerland for almost 30 years. He has written several books about his experiences under the nazis. Hes never forgotten the brutal murder of his mother and siblings. Shlomo we were simply separated. Women with children to the right, men to the left. The ss selected people. My mother just vanished, like a cloud. That was the first blow in my life the fact that i know how my mother and my brothers and sisters were killed. Reporter yet, Shlomo Graber likes life. He paints expressive, brightlycolored works that his partner displays in her gallery. Hes found a way of dealing with the past. Shlomo there are so many Holocaust Survivors who have lived their whole life with the holocaust. Theyve not been freed from it. They live with it constantly. Its the opposite with me. I can talk about the holocaust, but that doesnt mean i have to live with it. Reporter he may not live with the holocaust, but he has forgotten none of the humiliation, violence, hunger, exhaustion, forced labor, and death. However, he has only ever painted one picture referring to that time. Shlomo everyone said that god would help them, but those who waited for god died, and i said to myself, god wont help me, i have to help myself. That was the will to survive. Reporter Shlomo Graber often gives talks about his experiences to school children. Hes one of the last living Holocaust Survivors, and one of the few who can give a direct insight into an unimaginable past. Shlomo they said, from now on, youre not humans, youre subhumans. And they gave us a number. I was 42649. Reporter graber refuses to give in to feelings of hate and revenge. His message to everybody is that hatred is destructive. Valentina i think its impressive that he chose love over hate. David we simply cant imagine it, none of us. And the fact that he experienced all of that and told us about it was very moving. Reporter Shlomo Graber is optimistic about the future. Hes not even worried about the rise of the far right across europe. Shlomo there was no war in europe for 70 years. I am not worried because i like the system. I will be able to leave the world later because i know that its going to be ok. Reporter until then, hell continue to talk about his experience, so people can learn from the past. Damien they were just children living in communist yugoslavia when they first started having visions of the virgin mary. Today, more than three decades on, those children are adults, and that region has become the country of bosniaherzegovina. Now if youre catholic, youll probably know that im talking about medjugorje. Believers say the virgin mary appears there. But the vatican is not so sure. Reporter they come by the thousands from all over the world to gather here in medjugorje on what has come to be called the apparition mountain. They are waiting for mirjana, one of six socalled seers. She says a female figure, or gospa in serbocroatian, appears to her the mother of god. And everyone is welcome to be there when it happens. Mirjana says gospa speaks to her every time. As soon as mirjanas vision is over, she conveys the message shes been told. An interpreter then translates the message into several languages, and the divine news is sent out into the world. Dear children, with motherly love, im coming to help you so that you can have always more love, and that means more faith. Im coming to help you to live with love, the words of my son, so that the world could be different. Reporter the fabled visions of maria draw more than a million pilgrims to medjugorje every year. What was once a tiny village near the croatian border has become a prosperous small city. Hotels and shops selling devotionalia line the street. The gospas appearances have brought prosperity. Klaudia things have changed for my family since the apparitions began. Our town gets lots of visitors now, and that creates new jobs. We used to lead a quiet life as farmers. Today, we all live from pilgrimage tourism. Reporter sacred souvenirs sell like hot cakes. Almost every pilgrim buys something for his or her loved ones back home. That way, even those who cant make the pilgrimage can share in marias blessing. I bought one, two, three, four rosaries for my sister and my grandchildren. Reporter the visions began in 1981 on a mountain near the village. The six seers young people, back then initially experienced them together, and every day. The communist government tried hard to suppress this development, but the inconspicuous village was soon drawing thousands of the faithful. Today, medjugorje is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the world. But the vatican views it all with a fair amount of skepticism. Now this man, polish archbishop henryk hoser, has come to look into things as a special envoy of the pope. Officially, hes only seeing after the wellbeing of the pilgrims, but the real focus is on power relations in the town and what influence the church still has here. Influential local residents want to play the role of selfappointed sheriff and have a voice in what we film. Generally speaking, the archbishop has a positive impression of medjugorjes spiritual significance. He says it is indeed a site of veneration for maria, where people can find calm and inner peace. The pilgrims, often barefoot, pray as they climb apparition mountain to approach their mother of god. Many of them have grave concerns and deprivations. I have been praying to the virgin mary to help me cure my left leg. I had polio when i was very young. Our mother has cancer. [indiscernible] reporter it probably will make no difference to these people whether the vatican recognizes medjugorjes miraculous visions or not. And as long as the pilgrims keep pouring in, the businesspeople here need not worry about their incomes. Klaudia no, no. People have always come here to pray to god with the vatican or without it, independent of its validation. Reporter and so things continue as they always have in medjugorje. The vatican is expected to make its decision this autumn. Damien well thats it for this week. Thanks for watching. For now its goodbye from me, and the whole team here. And do join us next week for more personal stories from all over europe. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] steves in a nutshell, classical rome lasted about 1,000 years roughly 500 b. C. To 500 a. D. Rome grew for 500 years, peaked for 200 years, and fell for 300 years. The first half was the republic, ruled by elected senators. The last half was the empire, ruled by unelected emperors. In its glory days, the word rome meant not just the city, but what romans considered the entire civilized world. Everyone was either roman or barbarian. People who spoke latin or greek were considered civilized, part of the empire. Everyone else, barbarian. According to legend, rome was founded by two brothers, romulus and remus. Abandoned in the wild and suckled by a shewolf, they grew up to establish the city. In actuality, the first romans mixed and mingled here in the valley between the famous seven hills of rome. This became the roman forum. In 509, they tossed out their king and established the relatively democratic roman republic. That began perhaps historys greatest success story, the rise of rome. From the start, romans were expert builders, and they had a knack for effective government. This simple brick building was once richly veneered with marble and fronted by a grand portico. Its the curia. The senate met here and set the legal standards that still guide western civilization. The reign of julius caesar, who ruled around the time of christ, marked the turning point between the republic and the empire. The republic, designed to rule a small citystate, found itself trying to rule most of europe. Something new and stronger was needed. Caesar established a nononsense, moredisciplined government, became dictator for life, and, for good measure, had a month named in his honor, july. The powerful elites of the republic found all this change just too radical. In an attempt to save the republic and their political power, a faction of roman senators assassinated caesar. His body was burned on this spot in 44 b. C. The citizens of rome gathered here, in the heart of the forum, to hear mark antony say, in shakespeares words, friends, romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Ive come to bury caesar, not to praise him. But the republic was finished, and rome became the grand capital of a grand empire. The via sacra, or sacred way, was the main street of ancient rome. It stretched from the arch of Septimius Severus to the arch of titus. Romes various triumphal arches, named after the emperors who built them, functioned as publicrelations tools. Reliefs decorating the various arches show how war and expansion were the business of state. Romes thriving economy was fueled by plunder and slaves won in distant wars. Eat music [voiceover] up next, its music city roots, live from the factory. In this episode, power folk duo Larry Campbell and teresa williams, plus bluegrass superbands blue highway and hot rize. Thats all ahead, after this. [voiceover] National Broadcast of music city roots is made possible by acceptance auto insurance, acceptance offers personal basautomobile coverage from coast to coast. More Information Available at acceptance. Com. You, your terms, accepted. [voiceover] franklin, tennessee, inspired music, local flavor, on the edge of nashville. Visitfranklin. Com. [voiceover] nissan, proud sponsor of art and culture in our home state of tennessee. Nissan, innovation that excites. More information is available at nissanusa. Com. [voiceover] vietti artisan chili,