People have decided. In their recent referendum, a narrow majority voted for president erdogan to have more power a lot more. While his supporters celebrate, the rest of the country is in shock at the outcome. Many, like neslihan, an activist from istanbul, cannot do not believe the results. They are so incensed by claims of election fraud, they are no longer afraid of the longstanding government crackdown on critics and are taking to the streets to protest. Reporter outraged by their loss in the referendum approving more and sweeping powers for turkish president recep tayyip erdogan, protesters march in the streets of istanbul. They feel cheated. Engineer neslihan karatas spontaneously joins the march. She can hardly believe the opposition lost. Ms. Karatas im 28 years old. Ive never done anything more sensible for democracy and freedom as i have in the past three months. Ive hit the streets with friends. Weve been informing people and campaigning for a no. And we got so much encouragement. Were not going to accept this result. Were certain we won at least 55 of the votes. Reporter before the referendum, karatas had been thinking about leaving the country, as had many other young turks. But she felt encouraged by the support shown for the opposition. Now, she and her friends plan to keep demonstrating until they force a recount of the vote, hoping to repeat their success when they helped to save gezi park from the governments plans for demolition. I. T. Specialist sibel yilmazer likes to come to gezi park on her lunch break. She also seriously doubts that a majority of the population voted for the amendment to turkeys constitution. She had even volunteered to be an election worker. During the referendum, we met her outside her polling station. She knew all too well what was at stake. Ms. Yilmazer this is a historic vote. If it produces a yes, itll mean lots of changes for turkey. Reporter officially, it did produce a yes though by a ry narrow rgin. T prident erdon and his resupporters cheered theirid victory, unfazed by the many reports and videos indicating voting irregularities. This one allegedly shows dozens of ballots getting validated after voting. Sibel yilmazer is bitterly disappointed, even shocked. She saw with her own eyes many things being done improperly in the voting process. Ms. Yilmazer when they went to drive the bags of already counted ballots to the election commission, they wouldnt let any of us observers go along, even though its mandatory. Only after we protested did they let us. And now i hear that, in other districts, apparently invalid votes were added later. What can you say about that . Reporter neslihan karatas has no intention of keeping silent, especially since her home city istanbul voted no with a clear majority. In recent months, shes seen a number of her former High School Teachers get dismissed or even arrested. And with the Economic Situation steadily worsening, many of her friends are out of work. Ms. Karatas ive had it up to here. And so, they cant scare me any more. Theyve tried everything. Theyve threatened us, theyve chased us through the streets, and now they know they cant govern against the will of half the population. They cant scare me any more. Reporter the opposition lost the referendum on more power for president erdogan by a very small margin. But neslihan karatas and many likeminded turkish democrats feel they are the real winners, and are more determined than ever. Michelle germany has welcomed more than a million refugees over the last two years. And among them were thousands of child brides. Some married for love, many as a way for a family to guarantee safe passage of a young daughter, while others were simply married out of tradition. Inevitably, the refugees customs clashed with german law. Our reporter met with hevi, who at 15 was torn between being a dutiful daughter and choosing how she would like to live. Reporter hevi is a kurdish girl who now lives in a secret location somewhere in germany anonymously, and in fear of her own family and a forced marriage. She talks about how, on her 15th birthday, her life took a sudden and radical turn for the worse. Hevi the violence i experienced at home was really brutal. To me, the physical violence wasnt the worst part it was the psychological part. To get spat on so often by my father and not just a little bit. That was hard. I had to wash my face a lot. That was the worst, because i felt so humiliated. Reporter hevi comes from a devout muslim family. Her father is an imam in hamburg. The family started to isolate hevi more and more. They didnt allow her to get together with her friends. Then, her father picked out a husband for his underage daughter and was going to make her marry him. Hevi i thought about killing myself. That was my first idea to solve my dilemma. I didnt know anything about any organizations i could go to to get some kind of support. They made me feel so small. I had no idea i could get help anywhere. Reporter hevis case is no isolated one, says terre des femmes. The Human Rights Organization has produced a video calling for action. More and more young girls are coming to germany as refugees. Some of them have been forced to marry in the camps on the way. Around 1400 married underage girls were registered last year in germany one out of four under the age of 14. The true number is thought to be even higher. Mahmoud and his wife fled to germany from a village in syria. They dont understand what the debate is about. Mahmouds wife was underage when they married. Mahmoud is reluctant to speak openly about it. Mahmoud getting married young is unusual in germany, but its normal for us. My whole family my mother, aunts, grandmother they all got married very young. That may be unusual here, but we want to live with our traditions. Reporter but the refugees traditions clash with german law. Human rights organizations argue that protecting children takes precedence over religious or cultural traditions. Ms. Bohmecke traditions are important, but they mustnt violate human rights. If they do, the german state has to invoke the law and take adequate measures to protect these girls. Concerning underage marriage, we treat this as a human rights violation. In many cases, girls have been forced into marriage especially the ones under age 16. Reporter german lawmakers are responding with a bill that prohibits marriages under age 16 and annuls those in which either partner was not yet of age at the time, whether or not it was originally a forced or consensual marriage. Ahmed massoun fled syria for germany. He explains that its also a subject of heated debate in his home country. He says every second girl in the refugee camps in jordan, lebanon, and iraq is married while underage so theyll have someone to protect them during the journey. Tightening german laws is, for him, the wrong approach. Massoun for the people who come here and arrive here, like, getting married already, and the girls about 15 or 16, i think, the German Government has to make some exception. Reporter but the bill scheduled for a vote this summer has no provision for reviewing individual cases. It requires the annulment of all marriages between minors under age 16. Ms. Bohmecke the Legal Provisions have to be combined with various preventive measures. The girls have to be given adequate support by various Youth Welfare services, and where theres potential endangerment of the minor, they have to be removed from the family. They must have access to integration programs. They have to be able to learn german and get job training and go to school. Reporter terre des femmes says this is the only way these girls can integrate into german society. Hevi knows all too well how it feels to be torn between tradition and the need to live her own life. Hevi i always thought if i said anything, i would be betraying my family, and i felt guilty and cried. Then a teacher asked me what was wrong with me. The tears started flowing, and that was a relief. If it hadnt had been for that teacher, i probably wouldnt be around today. Reporter hevi is glad she got the help she did. Now, she plans to study and build a life of her own. Michelle a quarter of a century after the fall of communism, two distinct views have emerged in central and Eastern Europe on the way to build a democratic future. Should countries once behind the iron curtain adopt the open liberal society of the west, with its embrace of gay marriage, muslims, and multiculturalism, or, as governments in hungary and poland believe, should an authoritarian state enforce conservative values . A liberal university founded by hungarianborn american billionaire george soros in hungarys capital budapest has found itself on the front line of this culture clash. Reporter why do you fear education . Their banner asks. Gaspar bekes and his fellow students have organized some of the most vocal protests in years against Victor Orbans rightwing populist government. In budapest, tens of thousands demonstrated against a new law which threatens the very existence of the ceu, the joint hungarianamerican university. Mr. Bekes it is very special and i am very humbled that so many people came to support this cause. It is obviously more than the ceu about Academic Freedom in general. And i am really happy that people consider knowledge to be something worth protecting, and worth taking to the streets and worth protesting for. Reporter gaspar really should be studying and writing term papers. But right now hes more concerned about the fate of his university. Mr. Bekes i feel very much infringed upon, my basic rights to have a quality education. And this university is a very closeknit community, as ive said. So if they pull our university from us, it is a very, very personal matter. Reporter in downtown budapest, signs seek to garner support for the Central European university. Here, students like gaspar earn degrees that are accredited in hungary and in the u. S. Founded after the iron curtain fell, the ceu is an International Postgraduate institution. Mr. Bekes i feel this is a very, very esteemed institution, it is the best in hungary objectively, and not just by its academic standards, but also by its humanistic value. Here, you can actually feel that you are treated as a partner in learning and you are treated as a young generation who will hopefully do great things and aspire to great things, and the professors, the faculty, administration and all other students are very much supportive in this. Reporter the ceu encourages and educates students for the future to lead a free, democratic, and westwardlooking hungary. But the new law threatens to shut down the university if it doesnt establish a campus in its home country the u. S. By next year. Laszlo palkovics, hungarys education secretary, defends the legislation. He disapproves of the fact that students can also receive american diplomas, and that hungary has no control over the criteria. Mr. Palkovics we want that the ceu, and also the hungarian version works very well. Basically that was always a sort of debate from the very beginning that such a construction like a university, which does not have any activity in his home country, what is it going to bring here . So why dont we have another solution. Reporter Human Resources minister zoltan balog was even more outspoken when the Hungarian Parliament voted on the new law. Mr. Balog it is not in our interests to have players in the background who, on behalf of and financed by foreign interests, have been trying to disable our democratically elected government. George soros organizations in hungary and worldwide are such agents, pretending to be ngos. We will therefore use any legal means necessary to block such attempts. Reporter george soros is the hungarianborn u. S. Billionaire who donated money to found the ceu in 1991. His goal was to create a liberal, westernstyle Educational Institution in formerly communist hungary. Now, Victor Orbans government is resorting to radical measures to combat this independent university and its famous backer. But the students here dont plan to take that lying down. At the university cafe, gaspar bekes is already planning the next demonstration. He says this is about more than just the ceu. Mr. Bekes in my opinion, its a part of a bigger plan part of a geopolitical play by illiberal democracies or just illiberal states such as putins russia or erdogans turkey. We know that there were closures at universities in st. Petersburg and in turkey. So, i feel this is part of a bigger plan to close down independent academic institutions which foster Critical Thinking and independent thought. Reporter for the Central European universitys president michael ignatieff, the new legislation is a frontal attack on his university, launched in a dictatorial manner. Mr. Ignatieff in a Democratic Society germany, for example if they wanted to change the regulations relating to a university, in a Democratic Society you bring it forward to the university, you talk, you give them advance warning, you have discussions. We had no advance warning, no discussion, no bilateral exchanges. In fact, they refused to meet us, and so, thats had the effect of making this much more difficult. Reporter so gaspar bekes heads off to another demonstration to drum up more support for his school. Its one of the loudest protests against Victor Orbans government in years. Mr. Bekes this is a very hopeful sign for democracy. Especially hungarian democracy, which has been eroded over the years and has, by many, been labeled as something thats a lost cause. But look around its not a lost cause. People are here, people are protesting, and we will achieve our results. Reporter more than 60,000 have turned up to protest. The hungarian government may have gone a step too far by threatening the existence of a worldfamous university. Michelle hanane and her family moved into social housing on the outskirts of marseille 12 years ago. She dreamt of becoming a lawyer. Despite working hard and getting good grades, she says that being poor and from a migrant family are barriers to such careers. Some of the politicians running in the upcoming election have promised reforms, but hanane is not sure anything will change, whoever is the president of the fifth republic. Reporter frais vallon in northern marseille has a reputation for high unemployment, crime, and drugs. Hanane has lived here with her mother for 12 years. Theyre originally from algeria. When hananes father died, her mother could no longer afford the rent where they were living more centrally. She only found an apartment here, where theres a lot of social housing, mainly for immigrants. Hanane says that she felt uncomfortable here from the very beginning. Hanane i experienced things id never seen before. Girl gangs who would insult people for no reason. I didnt know anyone. Its not the sort of environment i imagine my children growing up in. I want them to be in a much more open and tolerant environment. Not this one at all. Reporter hanane and her mother are not banking on frances politicians to help them much. They think that those in power mainly want to further their own positions. For example, the conservative president ial candidate Francois Fillon is accused of paying his wife and children for fake jobs, and hes under investigation over the misuse of public funds. Hanane this is legal fraud. Cant he put any money aside on a salary of 8000 euros a month . Were hardly rich ourselves. I earn minimum wage. My mother doesnt work. But we manage to make ends meet, to help others, and to put money aside. Reporter hanane feels that she has been prevented from climbing the social ladder. And yet she really tried to she was good at school, went to university, studied to become a lawyer. Hananes now a social worker. She and her colleague go about the neighborhood, trying to keep order and sort out disagreements. She says that she didnt have the right contacts for a law career. Hanane some people wont give you a chance. Its a vicious circle. Whether you have an education or not, you dont get work. I needed a good contact, but i didnt really know anyone. So i ended up cleaning houses, working in sales, even though i had a degree. Reporter hanane is an exception, in that she really tried. Many here dont even finish school. Sometimes its easier to start selling drugs to make money than to get a job. Ramzi is a case in point he almost went off the straight and narrow. Hanane i dont know if i should really say it. Lets say, he didnt have anything legal in mind to keep it vague. But i felt that he had potential because he was a real leader at school. Reporter when the building in which ramzis family was living had to be pulled down, they moved to a better district. Hanane says this was a real godsend for ramzi, whos now training to become a truck driver. Ramzi theres no one to say lets do this or that, lets go out which is better because im very easily influenced. Reporter although the social problems in frances suburbs are serious and very visible, they have played little role in the president ial election campaign. The elections could have served to integrate french citizens of immigrant descent, many of whom are muslim, but instead they feel more and more ostracized. Hanane thinks that most politicians have rejected the muslim community, especially since the terrorist attacks on paris and nice. Hanane i really dont trust politicians. So, i wont vote for them. Thats because i am afraid that they will approach the Muslim Population with ideas or actions that could be even more divisive. Everyone here knew my father. I grew up in that building. Reporter the family used to live here in the arab quarter in the center of marseille. Today, it is one of the citys most coveted districts. If she had more money, hanane would move back immediately. But she doesnt think that will be happening any time soon. Michelle modern conveniences are supposed to make our lives easier. But kate and Allan Burrows, a couple in england, say they made their lives harder and sicker. So they decided to simplify their lives by embracing a more organic way of living by returning to nature literally. Reporter kate and Allan Burrows have taken their passion for nature to extremes. Theyve built a house in the middle of a forest in devonshire in west england. From wood, straw, mud, grass and other organic materials. Its back to nature in every respect. Ms. Burrows its our compost toilet. We also share it with a chicken who sleeps in that crate there and lays an egg every morning. So when im having my morning business, i pick up my breakfast egg at the same time. [laughter] reporter for the past two years, this has been their home. No heating, no running water, some solar power. Kate earns a few pounds as a parttime carer enough to survive on. With a little extra from her handmade baskets. After her three children left their very normal home, kate was desperate to abandon the modern world with all its disadvantages. Ms. Burrows i caught whooping cough, i had glandular fever. And every time one of these things happened to me, i developed more and more allergies along the way and became allergic to all chemicals. Until we moved here and i suddenly, within a month or two, just, like, was so well. Reporter weeds make the grassroof leaky, says allan. The former electrical engineer has learned a lot since they got here. The couple now survive almost exclusively on goods from their smallholding. Fire under an old oil barrel, a tube, and theres your hot tub. But the paradise is under threat. Local authorities want the mud hut torn down. They say it spoils the view. Ms. Burrows thats something that would just kill me, basically. I cant live a normal life anywhere else. Reporter some say the burrows are crazy and kates illnesses a delusion. But the couple dont care. Theyve collected 6000 signatures against the decision to demolish their home. Until the authorities back down, theyll be no resting here. Michelle i respect what theyre doing, but i would miss my creature comforts. Thats it for today. Thank you for watching. See you next time. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] nnouncer] up next, its music city roots, live from the factory. In this episode a season closing hourlong special celebrating the 70th birthday of john mceuen. Special guests include John Carter Cash and jeff hanna. Coming up after this. [station announcer] National Broadcast of music city roots is made possible by acceptance Auto Insurance based in nashville, tennessee, acceptance offers personal automobile coverage from coast to coast. More Information Available at acceptance. Com, you, your terms, accepted. [commercial announcer] franklin, tennessee inspired music, local flavor on the edge of nashville, visitfranklin. Com. bluegrass music [announcer] nissan, proud sponsor of art and culture in our home state of tennessee. Nissan, innovation that excites. More information is available at nissanusa. Com. [female announcer] vietti chili made locally in music city