Religious and secular itseemed to sum up many peoples vision of the countrys future. Turkey, however, is now t a crossroads. Recent terror attacks and the ongoing crackdown on thoseaccused of being against te government, have left manyresidents, like fuat, fearfl that the future of their countryis not what they had hopd for. It looks like the snow hastemporarily masked the tensin on the streets of istanbul. Hardly anyone dares to talk about politics or terrorism and certainly not in public. I visit fuat, whom ive knownfor as long as ive lived in turkey. Hes a turkish teacher and coowns a laundrette. Fuat was hesistant to grant me an interview. Its a challenge for any foreign journalist these days to find aninterview partner ready to discuss political issues inturkey. Anyone who speaks critically isquickly denounced as a traito. It has been a difficult year forthe country. Tourism has experienced anunprecedented slump followinga slew of attacks, and that hashad an affect on many businesses, including fuatslaundry business. We earn less money so we haveto make do without a lot of things. We dont go out as often to the movies or restaurants. We try to cook more at home and avoid overspending in thesupermarket. We stick to the essentials. I ask fuat how he woulddescribe his fellow turks after the recent unrest. Were not so happy at themoment, because there are an increasing number of terrorattacks, which saddens us all. Fuat wants to commemorate thevictims one of the largest recent attacks in istanbul. I go with him to the besiktas football teams stadium. This was the site of a twin blast december last year, whichkilled at least 40 people. A Splinter Group of the pkk, thekurdistan freedom falcons, or tak, claimed responsibilty forthe bombing. Terror had dominated theheadlines for much of 2016, o there was an overriding hopethat 2017 might be more peaceful. But gunshots rang in the new year after an assassin openedfire in the exclusive reia nightclub in istanbul, killing39 clubgoers. Socalled Islamic State quicklyclaimed responsibility. Once again, turkey was in shock. A sea of flowers and flags were left outside the entrance to theclub. Today, istanbul is verydifferent city. Five or six years ago, when youheard the name istanbul you would think of a multiculturalcity, full of foreigners from the middle east, europe andamerica living alongside turks. One of those turks was also afrequent visitor of the reina club. The fact that something likethis can happen in a club like that, or in istanbul, is notonly extremely damaging for the citys reputation, but also forthe whole country. Tourists are afraid now and seeturkey with different eyes. Ive experienced it myself. They avoid us now. If we wrap scarves around ourfaces, were sarcastically asked if were terrorists. Were very sad that the club has been shut down. Fuat is saddened by theevents, but hes also upset about some fundamental changestaking place in his country. Secular turks are underincreasing pressure from conservative islamic groups. Until a year or two ago, thatkind of pressure just didnt exist. Even politicians would take part in celebrations. Like in istanbul, when the mayor would appear with singers onstage in Taksim Square on new years eve. In the last few years though, social pressure has increased. Many ignore it, but others have stopped celebrating. These are politicallyturbulent times. The president and the governmentwant to make changes o the constitution to grant erdoganmore power. Fuat watches the 7 00 p. M. Newsat home. Hes not convinced by theamendment to the constitutio, though hes cautious about whathe says. I dont feel itsparticularly democratic. We have a parliament, yet thenew constitution focuses on one person only. Thats not what we want. The more people involved, thebetter it is for democracy. Fuat wants to try out a newrestaurant with us in karakoy district. He hasnt been out in a long time as its too expensive. But it was important to him to be able to show us the lively,funloving side of istanbul. Fuat drinks the traditionalturkish drink raki, a grape and aniseed based schnapps. He doesnt want his modern lifestyle to be curtailed byterrorists or islamic conservatives. And he calls on the west not to forget turkey. Europeans, americans,australians all the people of the world should come to ourcountry and say we are on your side. You are not alone. Istanbul still has itscharms. Fuat says its a fun city foryoung people in particular. He feels that it and the rest ofturkey mustnt be left to the fanatics. When you think of amsterdam,images of elegant canl houses, upright bicycles and bloomingtulips may come to mind. After all, it is the capital ofthe fifth most competitive economy in the world. But in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, amsterdam hasalso become the capital of european private debt withone in five families feeling overwhelmed by what they owe. With a general election looming, this has become a centralcampaign issue. Our reporter takes us to meetone Family Living in the north of the city, not far from itsfamous canals but even in ths modest suburb there is a realbattle to pay the bills. Rows of squat brick houses,and streets without traffic. This is nothern amsterdam, apart of the city populated by the poor and the unemployed. A dodgy neighborhood far away from the wealth visible alongamsterdams famous canals. No one knows this districtbetter than paul scheerder. For more than 40 years, thesocial worker has been trying to help people in this area. There are lots of social problems, he says, but theeconomic crisis of recent years has made them worse. Theres lot of indebtedness. Domestic violence s also a problem, but indebtedness is thebiggest one. Carmelita dors is one of thepeople who have gotten in ovr their heads. Scheerder is trying to help her. Dors an immigrant fromsurinam bought furniture on a Instalment Plan but didnt readthe fine print. She regrets what she did everytime she enters her kids room. The bed sleeps one on top andtwo down below. She bought it ten years ago. I wanted to pay it off ininstallments, but i didnt see that i was paying 14 interest. I paid the principal all these years but i couldnt pay off theinterest. As a result, a bunk bedoriginally priced at 1800 euros came to cost 7000. Dors doesnt know whether shell ever be able to pay it off. A legal custodian now monitors the single mothers finances. She was given this stove, so that she wouldnt go furtherinto debt. Its a common problem. Every fifth family in thenetherlands is in debt around 20 . All this woman did was buy a bed. But on average, indebtedfamilies owe 40,000 euros. The dutch have racked up oneof the highest ratios of Household Debt in europe. Experts say the cause is the financial crisis, which began in2008 and still isnt entirely over. The crisis cost lots of people their jobs, and they were unableto pay their debts. The unemployment rose from250,000 to 700,000. Losing your job means losingpart of your income. When you are not able to changeyour expenditure, you automatically get into debt. Thats whats happened in the last 10 years. People in urban areastypically fall behind on their rent. Dutch Housing Associations try a variety of strategies to getthose in arrears to pay up. They say a mixture of sanctionsand assistance works best. We have no intention oftelling them, pay what you want when you want. We tell them straight out that the rent is due on the first ofthe month. But we dont just warn them. If they still cant pay, we see what we can do to help them. We visit them at home and stay in contact via Text Messages andemail. Theyve even formed a whatsappgroup of their own. Parties vying for support inhollands National Election on march 15th are all trying toexploit the dissatisfaction of indebted dutch people. Rightwing populist Geert Wilders contends thatimmigrants, and not a poorly managed economy, are to blamefor the netherlandssocial problems. But ordinary dutch people want concrete measures and not justslogans from their politicians, for example tough consumerprotection laws. It should be the lendersresponsibility to make sure that the borrower can ultimately payoff the debt. It shouldnt be allowed to sellpeople products they cant afford or renting apartments outto someone who cannot afford. Carmelita dors stove hasbeen installed. Dors, who suffers fromrheumatism, is happy to see light at the end of the tunnelof debt. The door of my old stovebroke. I had to live two years withouta functioning stove. Now im grateful to the city ofamsterdam. But she still hasnt paid offher 10 year old bed. Like many dutch people, and notjust in north amsterdam, shell have to continue to battleagainst debt. Ukraine says russia istesting a new form of weapon on them. But not in the ongoingconfrontation with the seperatists in eastern ukraine. It is a war without any shots being fired. According to ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko, russiansecurity services are waging a cyberwar against the country,including attacks on its finance and defense ministries. A suspected hack also wiped out part of kievs power grid,causing a blackout in part of the capital. Our reporter visited the power station there, to understand howsuch an attack happened and what the country is doing to protectitself. At the electrical substationpivnitchna near kyiv one december weekend, olegzaitshenko was on duty. His computer monitors showednothing unusual. It was around midnight whenthe alarm sounded. The 330kilovolt facilitysuddenly shut down. So did the 110kilovoltfacility. But the system didnt report anyemergency. I didnt have time to be afraid. I had to act immediately. The systems all shut down. Something had happened but what . I knew that wasnt normal. But i couldnt imagine that the whole station could have ablackout. First the lights flickered. Then they went completely out in parts of kyiv, the capital ofukraine. The attackers had prepared well. Months earlier, they had planted a virus in the control room ofthe National Energy supplier now they had activated it fromafar. It was a targeted attack,organized by a large number of professionally trained hackers. In ukraine, this is becoming a military method of producingdisorientation. A method of causing technical,economic, and social damage. The same intruder had struckexactly a year earlier in western ukraine. For several hours, power was cut off to more than 200,000households. But who are the attackers . I. T. Security experts have been tracking them for a long time. They are a team with huge financial resources. So what is their goal . We think they primarily wantto show their clients what they can do. And they want to train. They want to test us. Ukraines cyberspace has reallybecome a military testing ground. There have been several suchwaves of Cyber Attacks since the outbreak of the war in easternukraine. The intruders burrowed their wayinto the software of the ukrainian railways and crashedthe ticketing system. Freight could no longer beregistered. The virus was also found in thecomputers of kyivs main airport. Television broadcasters reported disturbances. Here and in other cases, the hackers sent contaminatedemails to employees, finally breaching the system. In december 2016, suddenly the government treasury could nolonger transfer money. If these criminals hadachieved their goal, then at the end of the budgetary year allpayments and social Welfare Benefits would have beenblocked. That would have led to socialunrest and very serious incidents here in ukraine. Ukraines security councilthinks the trail most probably leads to russia. Cyber units operate there along with the army, navy, and airforce. Russia is showing the westand nato that it has these capabilities. In ukraine, we are seeing the first use in europe of acyberweapon, the first cyberattack on civilianinfrastructure. May 2014. A prorussian hacker Group Calling itself cyberberkutpenetrates the computers of ukraines central electioncommission and spreads a fake report that Petro Poroshenko didnot get the most votes in the president ial election, butdmitry yarosh, the candidate of the rightwing nationalists. Russian state television picked that up and ran with this fakestory. Later, cyberberkut claimedresponsibility for an attack on the websites of germanysparliament, the bundestag, and on the chancellory. The ukrainian computers are holding countless pieces ofevidence of russian or prorussian intruders, sayinternational security firms. A war is raging, unseen in thedepths of the internet, equalling conventional war. We met with two hackers with the cover names sean and jeff. For years, russian and ukrainian hackers worked together in apowerful cybergang. Then the war broke out. Since then, sean and jeff stage cyberattacks on russia. Sometimes they are pitted against people they knowpersonally. Their group hacked into theserver of the russian parliament, the duma, snaggingand leaking documents showing how the Russian Orthodox churchsupports the war in easten ukraine. And they published the emails of one of putins advisors. We leaked a budget projectionthat shows how various actors, including the Russian Orthodoxchurch, Fund Operations in eastern ukraine. It showed exact sums, precise plans, and everyone involved. Breaking in, evaluating,putting things together hackers and investigators analyze secretand public sources and reveal, for example, which brigades andwhat equipment of the Russian Military are stationed where ineastern ukraine. We hacked into theseparatists requests that the russian army provide them withsatellite pictures or drone. Nato and the ukrainiangovernment have started using the Data Collected by sean, jeffand their group. They say their cyberwar is likedavid and goliath. Their enemy has tremendousfinancial resources ad a huge army of expert hackers. This week in our serieseuropes mountains conquering the peaks, we take you to thespanish island of mallorca. Here, in the serra de tramuntanain the north of the island, lives europes largest raptor,the black vulture. Conservation efforts havemanaged to save them from extinction, but due to moderndevelopments on the mediterrenean island theirexistence is still threatened. As if effortlessly, theyglide for hours in majestic circles with only an occasionalflap of their wings. Martin solivellas regards themas the heroes of the mountains the black vultures of the sierrade tramontana on mallorca. But their numbers have dwindled. Only 150 of them still live in remote parts of the island. When i was born up here inthe mountains, there were lots of black vultures. What impressed me most back then was that birds this big couldfly at all. Watching them is quite a show. Mallorca is the only europeanisland where black vultures still live. The carrion feeders live primarily from dead sheep andgoats. But the number of sheep andgoats up here is dwindling, too. Shepherds are increasinglyleaving the sierras. The problem began in the1960s. Many people moved away becauseworking in tourism is easier. Thats a problem. Life up here is hard, and you dont earn as much money aselsewhere. When the shepherds leave, thesheep disappear. And when the sheep disappear, sodo the vultures. Evelyn tewes cares for injuredvultures on mallorca. She created a foundation toprotect the species. When the biologist from viennacame to mallorca 30 years ago, the vultures were in even worsestraits. There were only about 19birds, and just one breeding pair. Some years it bred, in others it didnt. And if no protective measures had been taken, then these birdswouldnt be here anymore. But the black vulture isntout of the woods yet. Along with the lack of food,tourism is stressing the birds. Increasing numbers of hikersare penetrating even the most remote areas. And thats a problem for these animals. A record ten millionvacationers visited mallorca last year. Many visit the mountains, and some leave the marked hikingpaths. So do mallorcans, like javi,whom we met by chance. He wants to spend the night outunder the stars and wasnt aware that that could bother the blackvultures. I didnt know these birdsbefore. But of course, as a naturelover, im sorry that we already harm the black vultures just bybeing here. Its very sad. A changing human societyconfronts mallorcas vultures with fewer meals and more noisytourists. Martin solivellas will have togive up shepherding, too. He and his wife are starting toprepare for their old age. They want to spend their timewith their grandchildren. When i retire, i dont knowwhat will happen to the animals. None of my children wants tofollow in my footsteps, like e followed our parents. And thats how it is with most shepherds and their herds. Modern life on mallorcadetermines the fate of the black vultures. Already today, many have to be fed. Martin solivellas says thats the only way the species willsurvive here. He hopes his heroes of themountains will not go extinc. How far should we go topreserve the vulture . Or should we allow them to dieout . Let us know what you think aboutthat or any of todays stories by getting in touch on twitteror on our facebook page, dw stories. Until next time, it is goodbye from me and the whole fokus oneurope team. [captioning performed by thenational captioning institut, which is responsible for itscaption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [voiceover] up next, its music city roots live from the factory. In this episode, china meets appalachia with wu fei and abigail washburn, plus tim obrien and the new bluegrass of the infamous stringdusters, right after this. [voiceover] National Broadcast of music city roots is made possible by acceptance auto insurance. Based in nashville, tennessee, acceptance offers personal automobile coverage from coast to coast. More Information Available at acceptance. Com. You, your terms, accepted. [voiceover] franklin, tennessee inspired music, local flavor on the edge of nashville. Visitfranklin. Com. 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