Over 100,000 people have beenpurged from turkeys military, courts, universities, and civilservice in the government crackdown after last julysfailed coup. Failed coup. So fearful are the officers andtheir families of what may happen if they return to turkey,many have applied for asylum in belgium. On strict conditions ofanonymity, a few spoke with or reporter about their plight. Reporter these two women and their families have lostvirtually everything. A few months ago, their husbandswere wellpaid, wellrespected military officers representingturkey at nato headquarters in brussels. Now, they are in hiding from that government, accused ofbeing terrorists. We have to disguise theiridentities because they fer retaliation. I never imagined that couldhappen to us. We have even told our childrennot to speak turkish in public anymore. Reporter a couple months after the failed military coup, theywere ordered to return to turkey, accused of having linksto those who tried to overthrow president recep tayyip erdogan. Of course, it was shocking. I got angry. At first we wanted to go back toturkey. I wanted to defend myself. But there is no case to defend myself against. And then we learned that the people who did go back werejailed. Reporter we meet them andothers caught up in the purge at an apartment near nato. They are among the tens of thousands of military personnel,teachers and Civil Servants sacked by president erdogansgovernment. One of them is a highrankingmilitary officer accused of helping to plan the coup fromhis nato post. He tells us he had nothing to dowith it. I condemned the coup. I am not afraid to be legally pursued or even tried. If there could be a credible legal system in turkey, i wouldnever hesitate to go back o my country. But unfortunately, thats not the case. Reporter the officer believes a witch hunt is taking place inturkey. A witch hunt for welleducated,liberalminded people. They tweaked the legislativesystem in turkey and invented new crimes to be able todischarge people from their offices, to imprison people,even to torture people in their custody or in prison. Reporter asked for reaction to these cases, many think tanksand ngos are reluctant to criticize the turkish governmentin public, worried for their own personnel there. Only amnesty internationals andrew gardener in istanbul waswilling to talk. He says he has never known atime when criticism of a government has been so mutedwhile its Human Rights Violations are so extreme. Andrew there are photographs from inside Police Detention. But most importantly for us, there was testimony from lawyerswho actually met with people in detention and doctors as welland unfortunately, they gave a very disturbing picture ofilltreatment and torture inside Police Detention in turkey andunfortunately, thats continuing to today. Reporter erdogan has declared that diplomats posted abroadwhose names are on his lists must return home, or he willhunt them down and bring them back forcefully. That is exactly what the families in brussels now fear. Their salaries and benefits were cut off months ago. They have changed neighborhoods and schools. We dont have anything now no state, no passport. It is like a prison, onlyoutside. It is like a paused life. Reporter you think its just a it is like a prison, onlypause, not an end . We are all alive and with ourfamilies. We have applied for asylum. Well start over. Reporter but turkey has alreadywarned nato Member States including belgium that they mustsend these officers back. When we asked nato secretarygeneral Jens Stoltenbeg about the situaton, he defendsturkeys utility as a partner. Jens turkey is also importantfor the migrant and the refugee crisis and a buffer for the restof europe and i think it is very important that the rest ofeurope understands the Important Role turkeys playing inmanaging the migrant and refugee crisis. Reporter belgian authorities wouldnt respond to questionsabout whether they will grant asylum to the turkish citizens. Stakes are high. Erdogan has threatened to quithis refugee deal with the eu if it angers him. A Foreign Policy analyst in brussels dares to speak up. Roland freudenstein he cannt expect democracies with the ruleof law to deliver these people to turkey in this situation. I think we should play hardball on this one. We must make it clear that were not going to betray the basicprinciples on which our liberal democracies are founded for arefugee deal. If that is the tradeoff, then,too bad. Reporter the women say they areafraid their asylum requests will be rejected. If so, they will try to go somewhere else. Its a big world with a lotof countries. There must be one that will takeus. Reporter meanwhile, the womenare constantly learning of new cases just like theirs. Families forced into hiding, wondering if the lists will everend. Anchor turkey is in turmoil andthese officers may never be able to go home. Nicolae aeleni refuses to give up on his country. Despite the entrepreneur having to deal with years of corruptionin order to operate hs business, he is determined tofight. In recent weeks, romania hasseen the largest protests since the fall of communism in 1989. He has been among the tens of thousands of romaniansprotesting against a government decree to weaken penalties forcorruption. Even after the government backeddown, the protests have continued. Thieves youre all thieves nikulae aelenei is out protesting against romaniassocialist government, despite the blistering cold. Like the previous nights, tens of thousands have turned out inromanias Capital Bucharest ad elsewhere in the country to venttheir anger at corrupt politicians. Listen, the people arecalling them thieves thats what they are. And theyve turned us into thieves, too. Reporter he wants to explain what he means and takes us tothe outskirts of bucharest. This is where his company is or whats left of it. He invested lots of money intothis building, hoping to transform it into a warehousefor his Hygiene Products and disinfectants business. But with romanian hospitals his customers, he soon realized thathe wouldnt be getting far without bribes. Public contracts areadvertised in such a way that it is clear wholl get the job. That is the situation we face today. Reporter most of the hospitals that niculae supplies arestaterun. And their directors are usuallyfriendly with ruling politicians. This gives them an ideal network, he says, to siphon offfunds. He claims that public contractsto supply state hospitals arent based on the quality of theproducts but only on the extent of bribes paid. Aelenei admits that he has done so himself. Once i accepted that thingsdepend on bribes, i became part of the corrupt system. But they kept demanding higher and higher bribes. I realized that this system is rotten and stopped playingalong. Reporter this has drasticallyreduced his turnover. His dream of becoming anentrepreneur has been shattered. But he will not go down withouta fight. For now, aelenei shares a flatwith his wife and both their mothers. Romania needs to wake up, argues his motherinlaw. She says people need to stand up to the politicians. Niculaes own mother is pleased to see to so many peoplepolitically active. She says the days of passivityare over. Niculae sets off to the nextprotest. On his way there, he encounterssupporters of the socialist government. They believe the governments promises of higher wages andpensions. Few of these supporters carethat politicians and Civil Servants pocket bribes. Instead, they claim that niculae and the protestors arepolarizing the country. Go away the man in the red shirtshouts, all you lot want to do is provoke us go protest somewhere else this makes niculae angry. If you keep backing them,well get booted out of the European Union reporter the angry government supporters even turn onpresident klaus yohannis. Because the president wants tocombat corruption, too. Were all romanians heinsists. Youre not romanian, comes backfrom the crowd, referring to yohannis german roots. Just a few kilometers across town, tens of thousands ofprotesters are demanding an ed to government corruption. There are many young romanians among the protestors. Its a matter of principle. We wont be ruled by thieves. The culprits must facejustice. Just as ordinary citizens musttake responsibility for ther mistakes, so must politicians. Reporter night aftr night, the protesters gather on bucharestsvictory square. A befitting name, reckonsniculae, for their struggle against corruption. Anchor following pressure from public protests, romaniasparliament has now agreed to hold a referendum on fightingofficial corruption. Anchor today in our series,europes mountains, conquering the peaks, we take you tofrance, where we meet naomie and andrew. They are novice climbers. But that has not stopped themfrom attempting to reach the summit of mont blanc. It is not only one of the tallest mountains in europe, butalso one of the deadliest. Many companies advertise montblanc as more of a long walk than a challenging ascent. Technically, the mountain might not be difficult to climb, butadverse weather conditions cn be treacherous. Reporter it is 3 in the morning, were at almost 4000feet elevation. Climbers are getting ready toleave the Alpine Mountain hut to attempt the ascent up montblanc. Today there are about 100 climbers from all over theworld. Naomie and andrew, from australia, are also geared up tomake the fivehour climb. Why not . It is the tallest mountain in europe. It is an easy mountain for someone to do by themselveswithout a guide. Nontechnical. One more. Byebye, naomie. Okay, ready lets do it reporter andrew and naomie have a 1000meter ascent ahead ofthem. They took a fiveday climbingcourse in peru, and they think that will be enough to mastermont blanc. But many underestimate thedifficulty of the climb, whih requires the endurance of amarathon runner. Sudden changes in weatherconditions, avalanches, Falling Rocks and crevasses make montblanc even more treacherous than it already is. Over the last decade, several hundred people have died in themont blanc mountain range. A russian woman was left upthere by her fellow climbers because she could not make itback down. By the time the rescue crewreached her, she was dead. Things like this shouldnthappen. Reporter on this morning, notourists will go to the top. It is far too dangerous, withwind gusts of more than 80 kilometers an hour andtemperatures of 25 degrees celsius. At the last alpine hut before the peak, naomie and andrew seekshelter. Naomie is chilled to the bone,but they still do not want to give up. We really want to make theascent. Well wait a bit and see. Reporter waiting up here at a height of 4400 meters can beextremely dangerous. Altitude sickness can causefluid to build up in the lungs and brain. But some tourists even spend several nights in the hut,hoping to finish the climb. Mont blanc has become acommodity. People come to mont blanc theway they go to the movies, or take a walk in the park. Mont blanc has become something banal, a product sold in travelagencies. It is all about the money, andso we end up with these problems. Reporter he wants to limit the number of tourists allowed onthe mountain, and require them to be accompanied by anexperienced mountain guide. But most everyone else in thevalley rejects the idea of stricter rules even the headof the mountain rescue service. Mont blanc is a legend. People come from all over the world to climb it. Should we tell them we will build a cable car to the summit . Then wed see a lot fewer tourists here. Reporter naomie and andrew finally decide to head backdown. They are disappointed not tohave reached the top. When we got to the hut, wewere very cold. And we talked to the other guysand they said it is crazy to continue, because the wind is sostrong and the ridge is so steep. You wouldnt come back. All the mountains weveclimbed have had about 5 to 8. We are not acclimatized to that. Yeah, we are very australian. Yeah, we are used to warmweather. Reporter others manage to stickout the night at the alpine hut. The next day, some of theclimbers make it to the summit. Later, they will boast of theirexperience and entice even more tourists to make the dangeroustrek. Anchor five years ago, illnesstook away finnish carpenter yooha yervinnens business andlivelihood. He receives governmentassistance, but whenever he is able to find odd jobs to supporthis family, his meager wages are deducted from his already smallbenefit. He is trapped in a vicious cycleof poverty, and he is not alone. Unemployment is high in finlandand Economic Growth is stagnant. Benefit. But the government is determined to find a solution byintroducing a seemingly illogical and controversialexperiment. Reporter when Juha Jarvinenopened the unexpected letter, he could hardly believe his luck. He is one of 2000 chosen for the universal basic incomeexperiment. He will be receiving 560 euros amonth for two years. As soon as i opened theletter, i knew it was from the Social Security office. And then, when i read it, i started cheering. Reporter for the past five years, hes barely scraped byworking as a carpenter. An illness forced him to declarebankruptcy for his small company. Now, hes got children to feed and no steady job. Longterm employment is hard to find in the region of vaasa, aport town on finlands west coast. Juha took odd jobs, but the income was deducted from hisunemployment benefits. With the universal basic income,he can earn as much as he wishes and still keep the 560 euros. The model project is the brainchild of the kela socialinsurance institution. Olli kangas and his colleagueswill be observing ther 2000 test subjects for two years. He thinks the basic income might become the norm and permanentjobs more the exceptio. Should everyone continue tohold steady jobs with good incomes and unemployment remainslow in the future, we wil not need the basic income. But if too many end up living in uncertain job circumstances anddrawing incomes from differet sources, the basic income willbecome very important to may people in our country. Reporter many finns are living with no income even now. The countrys economy is not doing as well as it was. Many citizens of the onetime model eu member have beenstruggling for years through a crisis that just will not end. The bread lines, like here n helsinki, are longer than ever. Many who thought their jobs were secure now depend on handouts. Heikki hursti runs ths food bank with donations fromsupermarkets. This is a normal day for us. We open twice a week, and about 3000 people come by each time. Reporter hursti supports the idea of a basic income thatwould help people avoid the worst even though 560 eurosare nowhere near enough to live on. These are people who havebeen out of work for a long time who have been looking forjobs, but still havent found any. Reporter Juha Jarvinen isplanning to restart his compay again. With the basic income, he can build up enough of a financialbase for a fresh beginning. The basic income ensures thati can feed the kids. I can concentrate on importantmatters and get everything organized to start my owncompany again. Reporter Juha Jarvinen has nodoubt that most other recipients would act much in the same way. This is one argument that could prompt finland to seriouslyconsider introducing a universal basic income if it stands thetest. Anchor myth and mystey surround the origin of thefounding father of czechoslovakia. Tomas mazarick was a fierce opponent of the thenrulingaustrohungarian empire, and is viewed as a symbol of democracy. But now, a genetic tet may shed light on an explosive claim thathe was in fact an illegitimate offspring of the austrianemperor. Reporter a rose for tomamasaryk. David vondracek is a journalistwhos normally investigating the lives of politicians, trying touncover their secrets. However, the subject of hispresent research died almost 80 years ago. Toma masaryk was the first president of czechoslovakia, anda national hero. There have been many negativereactions, especially from older people who revere masaryk. That is fully legitimate. But i have also been accused oftrying to profit from a sensationalist, tabloid topic. Reporter yet vondracek just wants to find out who masaryksfather was. Is the man who led the czechsand slovaks to independence from austriahungary after world wari really the son of a coach driver . Or could he be the illegitimate son of austrias last emperorfranz josef . For many czechs, thatsunthinkable. Lubo velek heads the masarykarchives which manage the former president s estate. It comprises 2500 boxes of material. He does not buy the story that masaryk is the emperors son. I would regard it as rather ai would regard it as rather a bad joke, a prank played byhistory, because then the son would have destroyed thefathers monarchy. Reporter so there are stillsome hurdles to finding out the truth. Until then, masaryk patiently guards prague castle, theofficial residence of czech president s. The flag here bears the national motto, truth prevails. So vondracek keeps searching for the truth. He has been conducting research for czech tv for over a year. He wonders how the son of a maidservant and a coach drivercould attend the best and priciest schools, and haveplenty of money. He received 100austrohungarian gulden a month. Composer antonin dvorak, who hadfour children, had a salary f 70 gulden. Masaryk grew up carefree in some of the richest families invienna. Reporter but thats justcircumstancial evidence. Vondracek needs to find realproof, so he visits doctor vanek, an internationallyrecognized geneticist. To provide conclusive evidence,vanek would need genetc material. But masaryks last direct descendant now lives in the u. S. And isnt interested in vondraceks quest. In fact, she has threatened to sue him. Bringing the truth to light will be difficult. And some do not want to know it at all. Radomira jelinkova is a teacher who brings her pupils to themasaryk museum. For her, this is also a piece ofher familys history. Her grandfather was thepresident s blacksmith and close friend. I am not pleased that someoneis conducting Genetic Research on masaryk. It is an insult. History is history. We all carry masaryk in ourhearts, and investigating who his father was is immoral. Reporter and it looks like shes telling david vondracekthat again, in no uncertain terms. Anchor the results will likely be announced in the comingmonths. For some, like david vondrachek,it cannot come soon enough. That is all for today. Thank you for watching. Until next time, goodbye. [voiceover] up next its music city roots, live from the factory. In this episode, updated Appalachian Music with mipso, bluegrass jazz fusion with the jon stickley trio and blues master jimmy hall, just after this. 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