Regardless of the consequences. The country was poor, and many desperate parents gave their unwanted children to orphanages, which were soon hopelessly overcrowded. Many people soon also became homeless. The capital, the rest bucharest, gained fame for its homeless problem. Romania has since acknowledged the problem, but so far, no government has solved it. A distinct dissent de scent into another world. Help me out. What did you do to the latter ladder . As the pedestrians continue along the way, the group vanishes into a train station. Soon, we are 10 meters underground. Be careful. It is very hot. Dont get burned. In the communist era, these canals were supposed to supply heat to the entire city. Bruce lee takes us to his kingdom, the world of the rejected, discarded, and hopelessly addicted. This section provides shelter to about 60. Its estimated about 5000 Homeless People live in bucharest. Other passageways lead to more makeshift rooms. The group is preparing to move to their summer ground above home. Those who remain behind our apathetic, numb with drugs. No one wants to tell us exactly what is in these syringes. Dont ask. I cannot talk right now. Many of the homeless are addicted to huffing paint. The order is everywhere. Bruce lee sells it and has smeared it into his hair. It is popular with children as well, a cheap high at numbs them if only for a little while. We are family. We are the dregs of society, but we stand by each other. We want to get out of the situation, but the homeless shelters are not a solution for us. They are like jails. How are we supposed to find our way back into an ordinary life . To find work when we are locked up . When they are constantly telling us and forcing us to do what they want. His arms are covered in scars. When he is high, he often cuts himself. Its because of our miserable life on the street, you know . You do not do this when you are happy or have a good life. Some of the makeshift rooms are lit only with candles. Others have electricity obtained illegally from above ground. The group here has a strict hierarchy. Bruce lee decides who begs for money and who gets drugs. Many of the others also cut themselves, a sign of their desperation and despair. I dont think about the future. My life is over. The homeless near the train station will not accept government aid. The shelters in bucharest are virtually and d virtually empty. Even though it is free, only a few people are here. The director of the local Assistance Center says the problem is exaggerated, that there are only about working hundred homeless, not thousands. We cannot force people to come to us. They can earn more from their illegal activities than many people who work eight hours a day. We have to accept that in a democratic society, people can go where they want. We cannot force them. There is no single solution that will work for everyone. Without his bag of paint, bruce lee will not venture a step above ground. He says he grew up in one of romanias many orphanages in the communist era. The children live in appalling conditions, hungry and neglected. After the regime collapsed, that came to an end, but that left bruce lee to fend for himself. Many of the homeless share that same history. My family of banded me here at the train station. I think i was five years old. I cannot remember. It is a story that the staff here have heard over and over. Meanwhile, they are struggling to help the second generation, the children who are born in bucharests canals and heating shafts. Most are hivpositive, and many suffer from tuberculosis. The foundation distributes sterile disposable syringes and condoms. It is important work, but the state keeps cutting back on their funding. Their budget today is only 30 of what it was two years ago. Sometimes it all just feels hopeless. Everyone is dying anyhow. Give me something for this infection on my leg. I cannot help you. You need to see a doctor. I told you, you need to stop shooting up in that vein. The next day, bruce lee wants to take a few homeless teens from his group to a local cemetery. A month ago, one of the women in the group was buried here. She died of an overdose. It is a big cemetery, and they cannot find her grave. Or maybe, one of them says, she is buried in a different cemetery entirely. Four weeks ago, they were all here for the funeral, but now, no one can remember where she is buried. It has now been five weeks since ukraine elected a new president. His mission is as clear as it is difficult. After losing the black sea peninsula crimea to russia, he wants to keep the rest of ukraine united, but rogue russian separatists staunchly refuse to give up their fight in the east of the country. In the west of ukraine, meanwhile, people are trying to go back to normal and to begin drying lessons from the crisis. It is 10 00 a. M. At city hall where the week of Sustainable Energy is getting under way. We happened to be passing by when we heard a familiar tune sung by a childrens choir. We experienced how this local event suddenly turned into a political demonstration, an affirmation of ukraines commitment to europe, underscored by the strains of the european anthem ode to joy. Entree selected the music. The 45yearold mayor has been in office for the past eight years. He was elected twice, taking 42 of the vote in the last election. He stands for a united ukraine and a return to normality. I was born in this country. I want ukraine to be successful, i love the people. I believe in god, and i try to set an example. Early this year, mass demonstrations took laced here as well. These are pictures from february. Just like in kiev, people gathered here every day hoping for a better future. Fast forward to july, and there is no trace of all that fighting spirit as the mayor takes us to the site where the demonstrations took laced. Normality has returned, and today, residents are more interested in getting a snapshot together with their mayor, who has celebrity status. He, at least, has not given up the fight. The russian aggressor does not face 1000 or 10,000 or 100,000 of our soldiers. They are up against 45 million ukrainians. We will Never Surrender our country. Thank dog ukraine is independent and will remain independent. Thank dog thank god ukraine is independent. The mayor took in hundreds of students from crimea following russias annexation, and this fall, just as many are scheduled to arrive from Eastern Ukraine where separatist violence continues. Its a welcome refuge for valentina and her 21yearold friend. Both fled from the crimean capital. I have lost contact with friends and acquaintances. They were all prorussian, and i was not. My parents are still there but without jobs. My father was a chief physician, but he was forced to voluntarily resign. He had no choice. I still believe ukraine will become ukrainian again. Putin has made a mess of everything. Ukraine has no chance as long as putin is alive. We will never get our territory back, but someday, the east will belong to us again, and so will crimea. The 20yearold is from odessa with the conflict is still raging. She fled despite the clear warnings of Russian Forces in odessa. They told me a lot of nonsense. My landlord said i would be killed because the city is full of bandits. There are no russian soldiers to protect us, and i should not speak a word of russian. They kill women and children there, he said, and we would starve. She has done a lot of thinking in recent weeks. She says change is necessary for ukraine. The people have to change in eastern and western ukraine. They have to learn that life will not improve if they steal things or accept rides. If they want better lives, they have to do something for the community. That is music to the mayors years. This afternoon, he is taking part in an initiative to restore the Historic Center of the city. Every resident is asked to do their part by improving the appearance of their own courtyard. The old soviet ideology taught us to sit around doing nothing until the authorities ordered us to do something. That is wrong. Now we expect people to take the initiative, and that brings in help from outside. Like the German Aid Organization which gives us funding. Back at city hall, the mayor says it is now up to russia to take the initiative. Ukraine, he says, cannot possibly reach out to the russians after all they have done. Russia has always been our partner, but now they have stabbed us in the back, and that is very painful. Now we are waiting for a sign of goodwill on their part. Only then can we be partners again, economically at least. Despite all the signs of goodwill, the people are unlikely to forget what has happened in their country. At the entrance to the city hall, the mayor has hung up autographs of the demonstrators who were killed in kiev. They serve as a reminder of what ukraine needs most peace. Lessie europe, more independence less europe. Nationalistic slogans went down well with many european voters. Not just that separatist movements have also lately seen a surge across europe. In scotland, voters will go to the polls into an a half month time for a referendum. They will decide whether scotland will remain part of britain or whether it will become independent. Officials in brussels have already made it clear that of scotland does indeed break away from the ukraine, it will not automatically remain in the du, but other practical questions still remain unanswered. The choir of this port town raise their voices in a traditional song. On the question of independence, the group answers in chorus. You are for independence . Yes we have the talent, the people, everything we need. All we need is a vote to organize ourselves. The u. K. May be getting out of the eu, is that something that matters, you think . I think it is important, but the rest of the u. K. Is heading towards leaving it. They do not want to have anything to do with it, and i think that is a bad thing. This kind of unanimity is more the exception than the rule. In fact, like scotland, it is divided. The divide has set many old friends against each other. Its a battle for scotland to govern itself. Its a battle for scotland no longer to be governed by westminster. It is a battle for a parliament that we elect you make the decisions for us in scotland by the people of scotland. Ronnie and Neil Mcintyre have been the best of friends for over 30 years, but on the independence issue, they are adversaries. Too many stupid things being said about what we are going to do with all the money and how things will be paid, but no real hard evidence or hard facts to back that up. They live on the same street and take their holidays together. Both feel closely tied to their scottish home, but neil is skeptical. What currency would they use the pound or the euro . The friends debate questions like that endlessly. If i could convince you that the financial aspects of scotland being a Free Independent country governed by the people who vote for the government that they want, would you change your mind . I think theres a fair chance i would. What i would like on the financial thing is to tell me the truth about my tax. I know for a fact that im going to have to pay more. Finances are often the crux of the debate. On the one hand, are the revenues from north sea oil. On the other hand, the expense of scots running their own administration. Many old Business Partners cannot seem to agree, either. Together, they run several restaurants. I think most of the people who are for the yes vote, it is for the romance of independence, but in terms of it financially stacking up, i do not the any game for us. I only see it potentially going the other way where we could end up with a labordominant country. I look at it from a business perspective. They will tax the wealthy to take care of the poor. We can move quicker as a small country, change quicker. Watch iceland, secondbiggest economy in the world at one point. They moved very quickly and came out of it very quickly. 300,000 people. Is scotland let the united kingdom, how would it affect relations with england . Would it amount to a declaration of war . I think we would get on far better with the english. We would not have such a big chip on our shoulder with the english. I think the sentiment is absolutely ridiculous. I think we would have a lot more confidence, and we would not have that same feeling. We would sit with them far better and work with them far better. I know success is measured in each persons mind, but why this mental . Many in the gaelic choir are hoping opponents of independence will eventually start singing their tune. If persuasion will not do it, maybe battle songs will. There are still many scots sitting on the fence. Three years ago, in july 2011 , a rightwing norwegian extremists set off explosives in oslos government square. He then drove out to an island in fjords and shot up our dissidents of a political use cap. 77 people died in the attacks. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison. Norway was shocked. Three years on, there is a proposal to create a memorial on a nearby island, but the plan has generated controversy. I do not need to have a church, a graveyard to pray or commemorate. This is something i can do when i am working or hiking in the mountains. For me, this is something i can do pretty much everywhere, especially when it is quiet around me. My rituals are more in my brains been in the physical world, but nevertheless, to be back here makes memories stronger. He carries the weight of memories of the massacre of july 20 2, 2011 july 22, 2011. When the shooting began, he and 11 other young people escaped in a rowboat. He heard shots, looked back, and saw the killer take aim at him. The terrorist attack left norway with an open wound. How best can the country honor the memory of the victims . The need of societies not only for the grieving for the parents that lost their child, but also for the society to actually remember that one man got onto this island with one mission to kill everybody that was on this island, to kill everybody. Four days before the massacre, someone posted a norwegian antiwar verse called to the youth. It has become an unofficial hymn for the victims of the attack. Stop their drift towards death, stopped it with spirit. He appears of the memorial, a cut through the land like a wound that will not heal. Visitors can walk along one side, but the other side where the names of the dead young people are inscribed, is out of reach. But some of the victims parents find this memorial unacceptable. Katerina lost her 17yearold daughter on the island. It is not a tourist attraction. I do not want it to be that. I think it is fine to have a memorial. I think its very good because they were there. We have our memorials down here in this town, other towns. Enough is enough. She says she feels ignored. Nobody asked her what she thought of the plans for the memorial. Of course, you get tired of it. You have all eights you had the 22nd, you have birth dates. You go to the shop, and you see what my daughter likes. Its 24 hours a day. You get tired. Another kind of wound still gates in the center of oslo where a car bomb killed eight people. The newspaper from july 22, 2011, recalls the day that changed norway. The labor in the passes by here every day on his way to work. I hope they can fill that place with activity and life and the actions of government again, but its been three years, and i walked past there every day, and you kind of adapt. You are used to it being more empty now than it was before 2011. He was also there on that day in july at his partys summercamp. He is familiar with the plans for the memorial. For me personally, it is a very powerful symbol because it is wrecking the environment and the natural in the way that our lives were wrecked. It is up to the individual to fill that space with something meaningful. That is where the individual comes in, to me, because how can you forget when you see that . How can a Society Honor the memory of so many young people who were slaughtered by a lone madman . How can it come to terms with the massacre . The comment on plans for the memorial is to touch a sensitive nerve, if not to rub salt in a wound of a countrys sensibility. That wound has yet to heal. Nearly three years after the massacre, many norwegians recall the horror every day, with or without a memorial. That report brings us to the end of this edition of european journal. From all of us here in brussels, thanks very much for watching. Until next time, auf wiedersehen and bye for now. Captioned by the National Captioning Institute www. Ncicap. Org typhoon neoguri hits japan hard, causing mudslides and floods and bringing death and destruction. Indonesians cast their ballots for president. Part two of our series on the country shows how social media are affecting politics and the people. A turn for the better. An inventor finds a way to make bicycles into objects that could be life savers. Thanks for joining us. Im minori takao. To japans biggest storm of the year. Typhoon neoguri sent people scurrying for safety d