Remember malcolm x. The history of unpunished violence against our people clearly indicates we must be prepared to defend ourselves or we will continue to be a defenseless people at the mercy of a ruthless and violent mob. 50 years ago on february 21 1965, malcolm x was assassinated in the audobon ballroom in harlem. Today, we will hear malcolm in his own words and speak to herb boyd who just published , malcolms diary from 1946. 1964. Then we will look at how the nsa and gchq hacked into the largest manufacturer of sim cards in the world and stole Encryption Keys used to protect the privacy of cellphone communications across the globe. All that and more, coming up. Welcome to democracy now , democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman. Record cold temperatures are continuing across the eastern and midwestern United States today with a blast of arctic air scientists warn is part of a pattern fueled by Climate Change. In kentucky, temperatures are in the negative digits, about 40 degrees below normal. Here in new york state, Martin Napier was among those who visited the iconic niagra falls which is frozen. It was like a wall of ice. It was like icicles. It was cool. It was completely different from when you are in the summer and it is just a wall of water. It is a wall of ice. The record cold follows what government scientists have just confirmed was the second warmest january on record worldwide. And while new york city may be among some 100 cities currently experiencing recordbreaking cold, a new report from the new York City Panel on Climate Change finds average temperatures here could jump nearly nine degrees by the 2080s. The white house has wrapped up a threeday conference on militant extremism. Speaking thursday, obama reiterated his message that groups like the Islamic State do not represent islam. At the same time, we must acknowledge that groups like al qaeda and isil are deliberately targeting the propaganda to muslim communities particularly, muslim youth. Muslim communities, including scholars and clerics therefore have a responsibility to push back not just on twisted interpretations of islam, but on the lie that we are somehow engaged in a clash of civilizations, that america and the west are somehow at war with islam. Or seek to suppress muslims. Or that we are the cause of every ill in the middle east. The white house conference hosted representatives from countries which have faced global condemnation for the promotion of extremism or repression of their own citizens, including saudi arabia and bahrain. In somalia, at least 20 people have been killed, including several members of parliament, after militants set off explosions and opened fire at a hotel in the capital mogadishu. The militant Group Alshabab has claimed responsibility for the attack on a Central Hotel saying they were targeting government officials. European finance ministers are meeting today in brussels for key talks on the financial future of greece. On thursday, greece formally requested a sixmonth extension of its current loan deal without making a Firm Commitment to the deep austerity cuts dictated under its international bailout. But German Economy minister Sigmar Gabriel rejected the request. We recently received an offer from the greek government, which has been made to all the eu Member States as well as the eurogroup in which greece, for the first time, except without reforms, will be no european financial aid. That is a beginning. But we also have to say this offer is insufficient because it lacks all specific measures in greece and that cannot happen. We cannot make easier in greece on the shoulders of german and european taxpayers. Over the next few days especially tomorrow, we need to negotiate further to find an agreement on specific measures. A new investigation by the intercept reveals the National Security agency and its british counterpart, gchq, hacked into the internal Computer Network of the largest manufacturer of sim cards in the world, stealing Encryption Keys used to protect the privacy of cellphone communications. The secret operation targeted the Dutch Company gemalto, whose clients include at t, tmobile verizon, sprint and some 450 Wireless Network providers around the world. Well have more on the story later in the broadcast. Walmart has announced it will raise its minimum wage to 9 an hour in april, and 10 next year, in a move that will impact about half a million lowwage workers. The increase falls far short of the 15anhour living wage demanded by workers who have launched historic strikes against walmart and reported retaliation from the company for joining the protests. A 2012 analysis found the six heirs to the walmart fortune have as much wealth as the bottom 40 of the United States combined. Two women in austin, texas have become the first legally married samesex couple in the state despite a longstanding ban on the unions. A state district judge ordered the Travis County clerk to grant a marriage license to Suzanne Bryant and her partner of 30 years, sarah goodfriend, saying the couple needed immediate relief from the ban because goodfriend has ovarian cancer. Goodfriend and bryant celebrated at a news conference. This really is very, very meaningful to our family to have the kind of ability to make personal decisions, health decisions, and financial decision as a family going forward. We are grateful we have had this opportunity to crack the door open in texas. We hope it will swing wide for everyone very soon. Just hours later, the state Supreme Court blocked the order allowing the couple to wed. Texas attorney general ken paxton has declared the marriage void. A federal jury in new orleans has awarded 14 million to five indian workers in a trafficking case involving the firm signal international. In the aftermath of hurricane katrina, signal brought hundreds of people from india to work on repairs at its shipyard in pascagoula, mississippi. The workers say they spent their life savings to come to the United States under false promises of permanent residency. They were then forced to spend over 1000 per month to live in squalid work camps, with up to 24 men sharing a single unit with two bathrooms. Those who complained were threatened with deportation. The case is the first in a historic series of labor trafficking cases led by the southern poverty law center. A st. Louis, Missouri Police officer has been suspended after turning off a dashboard camera as her colleagues were kicking and tasing an africanamerican man during a traffic stop. Cortez bufford has filed suit against police over the april arrest. Video shows police dragging bufford from the car, then kicking and tasing him. At one point he shouts, i cant move. Then, using the slang term red, to mean the dashboard camera is rolling, officer Kelli Swinton tells her colleagues to wait while she turns it off. Hold up, yall. Hold up. Everybody, hold up. We are red right now. The video then abrupty stops. Police, who had received a call about shots fired in the area, accused bufford of speeding, making an illegal uturn and abruptly parking. They say an officer kicked him to prevent him from reaching for a gun, which they say they found in his pocket. But all charges against bufford were dropped after the prosecutor saw the footage. Police chief sam dotson told the st. Louis postdispatch he does not believe the officers did anything wrong. In addition to swinton, he suspended a sergeant who was supervising the scene for one he suspended him for one day. Former Florida Governor and likely republican president ial candidate jeb bush has drawn criticism for choosing his slate of Foreign Policy advisors directly from the president ial administrations of his father and brother. Of the 21 names on the list, 19 worked under george w. Bush or george h. W. Bush, or both. The list includes two of george w. Bushs secretaries of homeland security, tom ridge and michael chertoff, and two of his former cia directors, porter goss and michael hayden. Other key figures tapped from his brothers administration include john negroponte, who served as ambassador to iraq and the first director of national intelligence, paul wolfowitz, a key architect of the 2003 iraq war, and george w. Bushs National Security advisor stephen hadley. All three worked for both bush president s. But speaking wednesday, jeb bush said he is his own man. For the record, one more time, i love my brother and i love my dad i actually love my mother as well. I hope that is ok. I admire their service to the nation and the difficult decisions they had to make, but i am my own man in my views are shaped, on thinking and my own experiences. Another name on jeb bushs list include former assistant secretary of state roger noriega, a key figure in the overthrow of haitian president Jeanbertrand Aristide under george w. Bush. Meanwhile, hillary clinton, the likely democratic frontrunner for president , has come under fire from environmental groups after it was revealed her foundation has received millions in donations from fossil fuel companies, the governments of saudi arabia and qatar, and a canadian Governmental Agency promoting the Keystone Xl Oil pipeline. The clinton foundation, run by hillary and bill clinton, and their daughter chelsea, has raised nearly 2 billion since its creation in 2001. Fox news Host Bill Oreilly has come under scrutiny amid reports he fabricated claims about reporting in latin america. Oreilly has blasted suspended nbc news anchor Brian Williams for his false reporting about his helicopter coming under fire in iraq. But mother jones has uncovered problems with an oftrepeated oreilly story about the war between britain and argentina. Onetime in a war zone in argentina in the falklands where my photographer got run down and hit his head and was bleeding from the ear on the concrete and the army was chasing us. I had to make a decision. I dragged him off. At the same time, looking around and trying to do my job. I figured i had to get this guy out of there because that was more important. At the time oreilly was working for cbs, and it turns out no cbs reporter got into the Falkland Islands during the war. Oreillys own book, no spin zone, which recounts his time in argentina, makes no mention of witnessing any combat. Oreilly does write about a protest he covered in the argentine capital buenos aires after the fighting was over, where he claimed a major riot ensued and many people were killed. But multiple news reports, including the cbs news report from the time, which used oreillys footage, did not report any fatalities. Meanwhile the nation has , published footage from oreillys reporting in el salvador in the early 1980s, just after the el mozote massacre, when some 1000 civilians were slaughtered by u. S. Trained salvadoran forces. Instead of reporting on el mozote, the nation notes oreilly went to nearby meanguera, the site of a supposed attack by leftist rebels. In his book, oreilly wrote meanguera was leveled, with no one live or dead. But his own news report from the time shows several people walking aound while the town remains largely intact. And those are some of the headlines, this is democracy now , democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman. Welcome to all our listeners and viewers from around the country and around the world. A new report we covered here on democracy now has brought the legacy of racial terror back into the public conversation. And now federal authorities are reportedly investigating whether people who carried out one of the worst mass lynchings in recent history are still alive and can be brought to justice. It was july 25, 1946 when a white mob in world georgia ambushed a car carrying two africanamerican couples dragged them out, and shot them to death. One of the men, george dorsey, was a military veteran who had recently returned from serving five years overseas in world war ii. His wife, mae murray dorsey, was also killed. Dorothy malcom, the other woman in the car, was seven months pregnant. The mom cut her open and removed her unborn child. Her husband, roger, had just been bailed out of jail after he was accused of stabbing a white man. A coroner estimated people in the crowd fired more than 60 shots of the two couples at close range. The horrific attack was carried out near Walton County, georgia, not far from morse forge bridge. It became known as the moores ford lynching, and sparked a national outcry, even prompt in president harry truman to push for civil rights reform. The fbi also investigated, but no one was ever convicted of the four murders. Now that could all change. A relative of one of the men allegedly involved in the attack has come forward in a videotaped interview with the naacp. Wayne watson says his uncle and several other men he named were members of the ku klux klan. This is a clip from his 2013 interview and then president of the naacp ben jealous. People tried to bribe me. Why does this case bother you so much . You have a lot of people after you to keep your mouth shut. Why the state interested . Because im tired. Youre living with lies or you are living with people talking about things. I wanted all over with. The racism, i mean, ive been on the streets. I told people i blade dated a black woman and everything. Why men says he dates a black woman, you can get any money from a bank, they turn you down. This week, the Guardian Newspaper reported that after wayne watsons interview the fbi spoke with one of the men he identified his uncle, his fathers brother, and a man named charlie peppers who is now 86 are sold. Peppers said to fbi agents visited him last to question him for about 40 minutes. The fbi has not confirmed. For more, were joined by edward duboise, a member of the naacp board and former president of the Georgia Branch of the naacp. He is a longtime participant in an effort to bring those accountable are the moores ford lynching to justice. We are also joined by herb boyd, teacher, author, and journalist. He worked on a documentary about the lynching with the film acre. We welcome you both to democracy now edward duboise, tell us what happened as you understand it. First of all, good morning and thank you for having me on the show. We have long talked about this case. How this case came about, to give you a little background, malcolm, allegedly, you know that to be the case, stabbed a gentleman, but it was rumored that he has slept with mr. Malcolms why. We know after this incident, mr. Malcolm was arrested. Not even three weeks later, bail was posted for him. This gentleman, his wife, mr. Dorsey and his wife were all taken to the moores ford bridge where they were brutally lynched. As you all stated in the beginning of the show, shot over 60 times. We know there was a grand jury that was impaneled. Over 50 suspects were interviewed, but no one, no one was ever accused, no one was ever arrested. So we have this mass public lynching, one of the last mass public lynchings, one of the most egregious acts, included in this is a world war ii veteran. No one has ever been brought to justice in this case. We are so glad that you all and other Media Outlets are taking a look at this case. Wasnt there in Associated Press report several years ago that aimed there was some indication the governor at the time, eugene tell mitch, had actually visited a particular town spoken to the brother of the man who had been stabbed and basically, said anybody who takes care of the African American who was involved in this, they dont have to worry. That is absolutely correct. Remember, the governor ran on the platform, segregation now segregation forever. He was politically motivated and many would say and how are the people in his community to let them know it is ok. Black life dont matter. You are correct. The governor, in his own desks in his own white message to the county and to the state. Talk about when watson naming names. And just to wayne watson is. Wayne watson is a gentleman from monroe, georgia, Walton County who have been sought out by one of our people in the county. People had always said there was no one alive, no one available that would be able to shed light on this case. Were so glad that mr. Watson was found. And we were able to bring our thenpresident , ben jealous for to interview mr. Watson. Initially, we were just talking to him. Then he began to name names and locations of people and places and president jealous said, wait a minute, we need to get this on tape. This guys talking about very compelling information that the fbi needs to be aware of. Lets go back to the interview, the former president naacp ben jealous did with watson who said he repeatedly reported his allegations to local Law Enforcement officials. The da, trying to find out who knew about it and never thing like that. Evidently, my attorney told somebody or told him everyone in one county knew i was the one that new about the kkk and who is a lot of people tried to bradley. I have been to prison. They offered me money. Robert mitchell offered me 250,000 to keep my mouth shut and walk away in 1999. I told him i wouldnt do it. He said, you will be dead before you ever testify. Another part of that when watson interview with ben jealous. Ed duboise, if you could comment on that and how was dr. King involved . This lynching was 1946. Let me thank state representative tyrone brooks. I dont want to be on the show without giving him credit do. Dr. King had been informed about this case. Dr. King had made a commitment that after he left memphis, that he would be visiting Walton County. Dr. King never made it. You recall dr. King was assassinated. Dr. King was always interested in this case and coming to Walton County to speak out on this injustice. Herb boyd, talk about the significance of this case and why you got involved in a documentary on it. They put together the story of emmett till and a push to more and more into the history of lynching. Ryan stevenson has brought out the study in the connecting in terms of contextualizing 1946, a returning veteran, fought for this country to come home virtually still in uniform when he is abducted along with his wife and roger malcom and dorothy. She is seven months pregnant. So when we heard about that, keith said, lets do this one. The most powerful thing about his documentary is the reenactment that we do on that particular incident. What did you discover at that time, in terms of what has been investigated . We were looking at how the fbi would be involved in the situation because they had given the other cases we had worked on, given us every indication that they were going to seriously pursue this situation. Tyrone brooks was very, very instrumental in helping us understanding the background on the situation, but i dont know. It just kind of stalled at that point. We went on to other projects and only recently, with a popping up in the news again, we are to go back and revisit and take a look again at the research we did on the situation. At this point, what are you calling for . We are endorsing western even this year to the Senate Judiciary committee. We want the congress and the senate to take a look at this case. It calls for an investigation. Keep in mind, in 2008, then congressman john lewis and senator Christopher Dodd sponsored the emmett till bill, which allocated resources for cold cases. It is never been fully funded. One, we wanted to be fully funded to give the resources to the federal bureau of investigation that they need. If that is the hold up, give them the money they need that has arctic been voted on in president obama can do that. We hope that people watching will join us in reaching out to your congress or senate and tell them to communicate with chairman grassley to allow this case to be investigated and those responsible brought to justice. If we can find nazis in the United States who have committed atrocities, certainly, we can find people in Walton County georgia. There is an indication are still several people who may have participated that are alive . We are convinced, and we believe the fbi is convinced. We hope they move, that there are people still alive who were involved there were over 200 people on that bridge. You cant tell me all of them are dead now. Charlie peppers . I believe he knows more than what he is saying. I hope they continue to interview him. We were just showing the reenactment from the film herb boyd worked on with you of the 1946 lynching. We thank you both for being with us. Edward duboise is a member of the Naacp National board and former president of the Georgia Branch of the naacp. He has worked years on the case, bringing wanting to bring those responsible to trial. Herb boyd, stay with us. Up next, were talking about knocks him malcolm x. This is democracy now democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman. Back in a moment. [music break] she said she threw up every time she sang that song. This is democracy now democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman with juan gonzalez. This weekend marks the 50th anniversary of the assassination of malcolm x, one of the most influential political figures of the 20th century. He was shot dead as he spoke before a packed audience at the audubon ballroom in harlem on february 21, 1965. Malcolm x had just taken the stage and shots rang out bristling his body with bullets. He was 39 years old. This is not the max speaking a week before he was assassinated this is malcolm x speaking a week before he was assassinated. The black Muslim Movement. They had planned to do it from the front and the back so that i could not get out. They cover the front completely then they came to the back. Instead of getting directly in the back of the house and throwing it this way, they stood at a 45 degree angle and tossed it at the window so it glanced it went on to the ground. The fire hit the window and will get my second oldest baby. The fire burned on the outside of the house. Had that gone through that window, it would have fallen on a six year old girl, a fouryearold girl and a two year im going to tell you, if it had done it, i wouldve taken my rifle and gone after anyone in sight. I would not wait. The police know the criminal operation of the black Muslim Movement because they are fully infiltrated it. That was malcolm x in 1965 just a week before he was shot dead. Details of his assassination remain disputed to this day. Half a year earlier, he gave a speech at the audubon ballroom called i any means necessary. One of the first things the independent african nation did was form an Organization Called the organization of african unity. The purpose of the organization, the same name and objectives, the fight whatever gets in our war. [applause] to bring about the complete independence of people of african descent here in the western hemisphere and in the United States. And bring about the freedom of these people by any means necessary. [applause] that is our motto. The purpose of our organization is a fight in harlem which us a largest concentration of people of african descent that exists anywhere on this earth. There are more africans here in harlem and exist in any city on the african continent, because that is what you and i are africans. [applause] the charter of the united nations, the universal declaration of human rights, the constitution of the United States, and the bill of rights under principles of which we believe in that these documents if put into practice represents the essence of mankinds hope and good intentions, desire that all effort afro American People should unite for the welfare and wellbeing of our people will be assured will result to reinforce the common bond between our people by submerging all of our differences in establishing nonsectarian constructive programs for human rights. We hereby consent this charter, number one, the establishment the organization of afroamerican unity shall include all people of african descent in the western hemisphere. In essence, what it is saying instead of you and me running around seeking allies in our struggle for freedom and the irish ever had or jewish ever heard or italian neighborhood, we need to seek allies among people who look Something Like we do. [applause] it is time for you and me to stop running away from the walls and into the arms of the fox. Looking for some kind of help. [indiscernible] [laughter] number two, selfdefense. [applause] selfpreservation is the first law of nature, we assert the afroamericans right to selfdefense. The constitution of the United States with america clearly affirms the right of every american citizen to bear arms. And as americans, we will not give up a single right under the constitution. The history of unpunished violence against our people clearly indicates we must be prepared to defend ourselves or we will continue to be a defenseless people at the mercy of a ruthless and violent racist mob. An excerpt from malcolm xs 1964 speech, by any means necessary. This may 19 would have marked his 90th birthday. He was born malcolm little in omaha, nebraska. His mother, louise, raise the familys eight children. His father was an outspoken baptist minister and avid supporter of black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Malcolm excelled in school, but eventually dropped out and became a drug dealer, pimp, and at the. Serving time in prison, he joined the nation of islam a move that would transform his life. He would rise to become the Organizations National spokesperson and one of the most prominent black leaders in the country. He eventually split from the nation and founded the organization of afroamerican unity. Welcome trust the surname x to symbolize his lost african name. In 2005, democracy now spoke to the renowned africanamerican historian Manning Marable about the life and legacy of malcolm x. At the time, he was working on a monument to biography of malcolm x. He expands why he believes that the max was one of the nations greatest political thinkers. I think that malcolm x was the most remarkable historical figure produced by black america in the 20th century. That is ahead heavy statement but i think in his 39 short years of life, malcolm came to symbolize black urban america its culture, its politics, its militancy, its outrage against schrock shall racism. And at the structural racism. At the end of his life, a broad division of emancipatory power far better than any other single individual that he shared with edward duboise and paul robeson a pen africanist internationalist perspective. He shared with Marcus Garvey a commitment to building strong black institutions. He shared with dr. Martin luther king, junior a commitment to peace in the freedom of racialized minorities. He was the first prominent american to attack and criticize the u. S. Role in southeast asia. He came out foursquare against the vietnam war in 1964, long before the vast majority of americans did. So malcolm x. Represents the cutting edge of a kind of critique of globalization and the 21st century. In fact, malcolm, if anything, was far ahead of the curve in so many ways. That was colletti University ProfessorManning Marable speaking to democracy now in 2005. His nearly 600 page biography on welcome x took approximately two decades to write. The book was published in 2011 and is called, malcolm x a life of reinvention. Just days before his publications marable died of convocations from pneumonia. He was posthumously awarded the 2012 fillets apprise her history for the book. This weekend, commemorations for malcolm x. Are scheduled across the country. In new york on saturday, a memorial will be jolly sponsored by the malcolm x. Museum, the malcolm x. And dr. Betty shabazz memorial and education center, and the Schomburg Center for research and black culture. The evening will focus on his legacy and impacts from an international perspective. For more were joined by herb boyd, a harlembased activist, teacher, author and journalist. He edits the online publication, the black world today, and rice for several publications including the amsterdam news. Boyd and not the next daughter coeditor, the diary of not the max malcolm x. Boyd andexplain the diary. I think it fills in a lot of the questions that are raised with the autobiography. I think a consummate said very well. At the same time, expands and elaborates where malcolms head was at that time. People often ask, where would he be right now . I think we get a good indication where he was then, where he would be right now. Where did you find the diary . It is at the schomburg. It is been there since the materials, his memorabilia arrived after going a frock uction. According to action stop the sale of material online, particularly, ebay. They stopped it. It was given back to the family. They came back to the schaumburg in two huge crates. This had all been at a Storage Facility . Oh, yeah. The family had lapsed on payments in florida. A man named james kelly when he got option, it is like a pig in a poke. You dont know what is inside. He got home and discovered yet a treasure trove. He got in touch with utter field and that is when the whole process began in which the court had to intervene, stop the sale of that, come back to the family, the daughters were at the schomburg at a press conference there, the two huge crates have been returned, 75 Year Contract was signed with the schomburg. It took five years before that stuff was catalogued, laminated what have you and for paired for scholars to do the research as Manning Marable dead. At the time, i was only reporter along with a photographer who was invited when they open up the crates. That is when i saw the diary for the first time. And the back of my mind, i did several stories at that time for the instagram news, but always in the back of my mina said, one of these days im going to read that diary. It finally came to pass and i had a chance to see it. I thought, this is something the world needed to see. In the diary covers what period . Malcolm, the last year and half of his life was probably the most exciting period. 1964, he spent 24 weeks, six months traveling in africa and the middle east. That is what that diary is all about. Copious notes he kept daytoday. The some degree, it represents a kind of appointment book but in a larger sense, you know, he is writing for posterity. Malcolm even told his agent at that time, paul reynolds, one of these days, i would like to publish this. Some of that is lifted and put into the autobiography. Still, some of the revelations that comes out of the diary that people who read this are just going to be absolutely astonished astounded. He is literally flying by the seat of his pants. Its not like secretary kerry or clinton with a whole entourage of people with him, feeding him all kinds of background material, talking points. He is doing this on his own. Just to travel to foreign countries, the climate, his diet, the language all of that stuff is impacting him all at once. He was sick a lot when he travels, but nonetheless, the kind of fortitude and determination that he represented in some instances right after his house was firebombed, for example, people dont know it happened early in the morning. By 9 00, malcolm is on a plane coming to detroit, living up to his commitment to speak their at the fort auditorium at her that day. That is where i come into his life. When i recognize them into good do that although, i met malcolm when i was 19 years of age was a part of the whole group of people in the nation of islam and when he left the nation, i also left them although i was in the military that point. Malcolm has been in my life since 1950 what are some of the nuggets that stood out to you when youre putting together the diary . One of the main revelations for me was that, i think we nailed it is the agent was who was shadowing malcolm at the time. In his autobiography, he speculated, kind of suspected he was being shadowed and under seville is by the fbi surveillance under the fbi. When he goes abroad, the cia pick setup. He was looking like it may been a white man, but it turns out it was a black man who is a cia agent. A circumstantial at this time because this one man is popping up [indiscernible] get the diary and you can follow that trail. We followed his trail to the Liberation Movement in mozambique. He of being kicked out of that organization because they suspected he was a foreign agent. That is, like a red flag that when a fright than. Did malcolm know his name . Malcolm met with him on several different occasions in four different countries. You would think you would be like, this guy keeps popping up. However, he kind of pushed it off as he was a journalist. Is he alive today . He is still alive. I was in touch with him by email, but he is not idea about this particular project, i suspect. Would you like to share his name . I think you can read the diary, amy. We have to leave something for the readers. It is all circumstantial. His biography, you said your book by any means necessary is as a counter argument. Could you talk about that in your concerns that many marable . You notice the title, by any means necessary we stress the word reinvented because that came out in manning . That connotation was manipulative that was deliberately going through this process of reinventing himself. We feel he was if anything, transforming individual and his development was ceaseless. I contacted three of the other coeditors at third world press. We decided after going through 75 to 100 reviews of many marables book, looked at him in terms of the pros and cons, the positive and negatives and decided him a wide dont we assemble these and put it in a particular book . That is what we did with this particular effort to show hey here is what some of get her, scholars, and activist some are Close Associates and worked over the years with malcolm. Heres what they have to say about mannings interpretation. A number of things be on the title we took exception to. In terms of his analysis and the conclusions that he put forth in terms of malcolms infidelity, socalled homosexuality, and the proposed three missing chapters none of that really occurs. Herb boyd, we are going to end with the next up of a speech by malcolm x given a detroit a year before he was gunned down. The speech, very famous, known as the ballot for the bullet. Just as it took nationalism to remove from asia and africa, it will take black nationalism today to remove from the banks in the minds of the 22 million africanamericans here in this country. It looks like it might be the year of the ballot or the bullet. [applause] why . Because negroes have listened to the trickery and the lies and the false promises of the white man now for too long and they are fed up. They have become disenchanted. They have become disillusioned. They have become dissatisfied and all of this has built up frustrations in the black community that makes the black community throughout America Today marks close of than all of the atomic bombs, the russians can ever invented. Whenever you have a racial powder keg sitting in your lap you are in more trouble than if you had an atomic powder kegs sitting in your lap. When a racial hurricane goes off, it doesnt care who it knocks out of the way. Understand this, what can the white man use now to fool us after he put down that march on washington, and you see all through that now he tricked you. Had you marching down to washington. Had you marching back and forth the dead men in lincoln another dedmon named George Washington singing, we shall overcome. [applause] he made a chump out of him. He made a fool out of him. He made you think you are going somewhere and you end up going nowhere but between lincoln and washington. So today, our people are disillusioned. They have become disenchanted. They have become dissatisfied. And they want action. Malcolm x speaking a year before he was gunned down the ballot or the bullet. February 21, 1965 malcolm x was gunned down at the audubon ballroom. Herb boyd, thank you so much for joining us. We will be back in a minute. [music break] this is democracy now , democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman with juan gonzalez. An investigation by the intercept reveals the National Security agency and its british counterpart, the gchq, hacked into the internal Computer Network of the largest manufacturer osim cards in the world, stealing Encryption Keys used to protect the privacy of cellphone communications across the globe. The secret operation targeted the Dutch Company gemalto. Its clients include at t tmobile, verizon, sprint and some 450 Wireless Network providers around the world. It produces 2 billion sim cards a year. According to the intercept, the stolen Encryption Keys gives intelligence agencies the ability to monitor mobile communications without seeking or receiving approval from Telecom Companies and foreign governments. Agents from the nsa and gchq formed the mobile Handset Exploitation Team in 2010 to specifically target vulnerabilities in cellphones. The intelligence agencies obtained the Encryption Keys by hacking into the email and Facebook Accounts of engineers and other employees of gemalto and other major companies. Some of the employees were singled out for sending pgpencrypted files. The intercepts report was written by Jeremy Scahill and josh begley. It was based on documents leaked by nsa whistleblower edward snowden. To talk more about the significance of this story we joined by chris soghoian. He is the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties union. Yale law schools Information Society project. The great sim heist how spies stole the keys to the encryption castle is the name of the story. What is the great sense heist . Gchq has been involved in an aggressive effort to obtain these Encryption Keys, in essence, over the loss last five years or so, Telecom Companies, wireless carriers around the world have upgraded their networks and moved from older, less secure secondgeneration technology to more secure, 3g and 4g technology and as the networks have moved to this newer technology, it is become much more difficult for governments despite unto medications that take place outside of their own countries. So for gchq, for nsa, for the chinese and the russian governments to be able to spy on telephone calls everywhere in the world, they need these kinds of keys. What we have learned just yesterday is by hacking into one of the largest manufacturers of sim cards and the keys that are on them, gchq has acquired a huge amount of information that will make bulk surveillance of Telephone Communications very, very easy. Technically, would they be sweeping up in real time all of the conversations and then storing them someplace to be able to look back at them further . How exactly what it work . Right. So there is a special nsa, cia outfit called the special Collection Service, ses. They are based out of embassies and consulates around the world. They install these antennas on the roofs of embassies and other buildings. With those antennas, theyre able to grab the data from phones as it is sent over the air. They will set up, what are called spy nest, and grab as many telephone to medications as they possibly can and save them. These Telephone Communications, telephone calls, Text Messages and other information are encrypted. They say the information and once they have the keys, either because they hack into a company right to malta or bribe an engineer or blackmail an engineer, and they can decrypt the communications. Essentially, wiretapping them just becomes a mere task of installing an antenna somewhere and recording data. You compare the use of Encryption Keys on some cars to the way Social Security numbers are used today. Can you explain . Social security numbers were designed in the 1930s for pretty monday and basic tasks, keeping track of ones contributions to the retirement account, government retirement account. Today, theyre used as a quasinational identification number. Were supposed to get our Social Security numbers to a huge number of organizations, how we are tracked. The reason we sort of have this system is there was no formal National Identity number. Everyone wants to have one and so the Social Security number has been forced into that role, but it is a rolling was never designed or intended for. At the same token, sim cards were never to provide strong encryption or strong protection of our communications. Instead, they were really intended to protect telephone numbers and telephone accounts from fraud. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a huge wave of fraud where people were doing what is called cell phone cloning. They were billing calls to other peoples accounts. This was a huge problem for the phone companies. They needed a solution. Some cards in the Encryption Keys in them with a solution and came up with. We should understand that cards sim are not extremely sophisticated, highsecurity devices. They are basic technology designed for one job, which is broad, that we now depend on for some much more. If this story demonstrates one thing and one thing alone, it is that sim cards and the system of security that surrounds them just isnt up to the job of protecting our communications. I want to go back to something you said before about u. S. Embassies being used basically at the centers for grabbing this data in these different countries. In effect, youre saying virtually, every u. S. Embassy is basically spying operation possibly breaking laws in the very countries that theyre located in. My understanding is, that is the norm for embassies around the world, not just the u. S. Intelligence agencies operate out of embassies, sometimes with cover. Last summer, joe spiegel published a slide listing the locations of nsa, cia special Collection Service sites around the world. This is something that has been written about before. It is not a big secret. After the Angela Merkel spying story fit broke, one of the german newspapers even published thermal imaging photographs of the spy nests before the story and after the story showing that the station had been shut down as it was thus generating and using much less electricity. Chris, gchq set its work can you respond to that . H the gchq and nsa hacked into the emails and Facebook Accounts of employees of Telecom Companies . Gchq and nsa believe essentially, anything justifieds long as get thgs to where they want to be. The engineers at gelmato were not accused of breaking the law. Gelmato itself is not a criminal enterprise. These governments one the keys that gelmato has, so theyre willing to do anything it takes to get that. And the last few moments i have, i really want to let your listeners know that there are things you can do right now to protector can medications. The Telephone Companies have not shown any interest in providing us with security medications. You cannot trust the voice or Text Message Services provided by your wireless carrier, so you need to download apps. There are some built into the iphone. There are tools destroyed it by facebook and even better tools like signal, which is supported by the u. S. Government actually. You can download apps and services and make quick to telephone calls, send encrypted Text Messages that governments cannot easily intercept. Those tools will not be provided to you by your telephone company. You need to take matters into your own hands. Chris soghoian is a privacy researcher and activist. I am amy goodman with juan gonzalez. Democracy now is looking for feedback from people who appreciate the closed captio female announcer essential pepin is made possible by female announcer kitchenaid for the way its made. Proudly celebrating ten years of cook for the cure to support the fight against breast cancer. Female announcer and by c. Donatiello winery, producing pinot noir and chardonnay from sonomas Russian River valley. C. Donatiello winery is a proud supporter of jacques pepin. And by male announcer oxo good grips. Oxo tools you hold on to. Lobster and artichokes are two of my favorite foods. And together like this with the chives d butter sauce they make a very very elegant first course. Here is how i did it. Now, start by removing the stem and cut away the outside leaves. Then you have to cut all around