Transcripts for KCHO 91.7 FM/KFPR 88.9 FM [North State Public Radio] KCHO 91.7 FM/KFPR 88.9 FM [North State Public Radio] 20191011 120000

Action at 12 hours g.m.t. I'm Valerie Saunders And this is the news room from the b.b.c. World Service Iran says one of its tankers has been attacked we have the details as Turkey's military offensive in northern Syria continues NATO secretary general urges caution was church a house of Egypt amid security concerns are expect Turkey to act with restraint and . Manage the Sinatra of the east calm God is remembered as a megastar of music in Eastern Europe ahead of his funeral on Saturday that's all on the newsroom after this news update. B.b.c. News Hello this is Gerry Smit the Ethiopian Prime Minister Abbott off mate has won this year's Nobel Peace Prize for helping to end the conflict with neighboring Eritrea he said he was humbled and thrilled describing it as no war for Africare Ethiopia and Eritrea for a Border War 2 decades ago and remained enemies until Mr Abney move to break the stalemate he has critics though who accuse him of doing little to tackle rising ethnic tensions within Ethiopia the B.B.C.'s Kalki Daniel is in the capital Addis Ababa there is a lot of excitement I can say in the days leading up to the r word there was a lot of buzz on social media and so I soon as it was announced that they were expressing their excitement over the prime minister is really thought were these ethnic strife and these problems they are a significant challenge for his administration especially since his government is leading to a general election next year which is going to be one of the most crucial elections in the country's modern history Iran's national oil company says one of its tankers has been hit by 2 missiles in the Red Sea about 90 kilometers from the Saudi port of Jagger the firm said the ship is now safe and the crew were on heard it also said an oil spill age had been minimized. A row between Turkey and its allies over the Turkish military operation in northern Syria has intensified on a visit to rest of the NATO secretary general u.n. Stoltenberg expressed serious concern about the risk of further destabilizing a volatile region he acknowledged what he called Turkey's legitimate security concerns but said NATO expected encouraged too with restraint at a joint news conference with the secretary general the Turkish foreign minister Trevor surely made clear that Turkey expected support or not criticism from its NATO allies. This is almost natural illegal expectation that our allies shows. Solidarity with us as per the principle of the indivisibility of Euro Atlantic security it's not enough to say we understand Turkey's legitimate concerns we want to see the solidarity very clearly the French car manufacturer has dismissed its chief executives cheery Boller a with immediate effect his departure follows the appointment of a new boss by the Japanese manufacturer necessary and rhinos partner is the heir Legate this was a brutal example of corporate bloodletting orchestrated by the runner chairman John Dominic said Now Mr Ball they told the French newspaper he had no inkling of attempts to remove him until he stepped off a plane in Paris on Wednesday morning before becoming chief executive he had been a key associate of the former boss and chairman Carlos Ghosn who is now in custody in Japan charged with financial crimes it's understood Mr Barlow his dismissal may have been designed to smooth relations with which have been deeply strained in recent months news from the b.b.c. The former president of South Africa Jacob Zuma has failed in a bid to stop a corruption case against him from going ahead he'd applied for a permanent stay of prosecution from charges that he took bribes from a French defense company as part of a multi-billion dollar arms deal in the late 1990 s. Is lawyers argue the case was politically motivated. In digital as protesters in Ecuador have released 10 police officers they've taken hostage for several hours they've been paraded on stage in front of an angry crowd in the capital Quito the protests driven by fury at austerity measures have forced the government to declare a state of emergency. The 1st man to walk in space the Russian cosmonaut her legs say Leon of has died at the age of 85 the walk in March 2965 took place against a battle for supremacy in space between the Soviet Union and the United States James Camorra saw me looks back at his life Aleksey Layon of had the right stuff born in Siberia in 1934 he was among the 1st group of Soviet air force pilots selected to take part in the cosmonaut training program in 19654 years after his colleague year ago Guarin became the 1st human in outer space Leon of his own place in history during what was very nearly an ill fated mission after completing one orbit in the VOs hard to capsule he ventured out in his spacesuit to complete the 1st ever space walk Nike has shut down is athletics training program known as the Oregon project after its head coach Alberto Salazar was found guilty of doping violations he's been banned for 4 years Nike is supporting Salazar's appeal against the ruling by the u.s. Anti-doping agency that said the allegations have become an unfair distraction for athletes taking part in its early training program b.b.c. News. It's 12 or 6 g.m.t. Listening to the news room on the b.b.c. World Service with me Valerie Sanderson it had been widely anticipated that the teenage climate activist gratitude bag would win this year's Nobel Peace Prize but instead it was the turn of the 42 year old Ethiopian prime minister the Akhmed for his efforts to achieve peace and particularly for resolving a 2 decades long border conflicts with neighboring every trade this is what the Nobel Committee said about him. When we are met became prime minister in April 28th seen he made it clear that he wished to resume peace talks with every trade. In close cooperation with the science after that game and president of every tree on our behalf quickly worked out the principles for a peace agreement to end the long no peace no war stalemate between the 2 countries the therapy an ambassador to the United Kingdom gave this reaction the prime minister is a man of peace from day one joined the party he was always I don't look at him for peace will result of problems whether I count or at the regional level continent that it would at countries that there were very proud and very happy as all. At the critical moment that he won the prize. Let's speak now to our Africa regional editor Will Ross is within the news room studio so what difference has the peace with Eritrea made to the lives of people in Ethiopia will well that's a good question because you know much was made of the peace deal when it happened you know the handshake with the president of Eritrea and people hoped that this was going to be a big change for the people of both countries and in truth not a great deal has happened when it comes to that peace deal since then and especially not nothing really has changed in Eritrea and the hope was that reforms going on in Ethiopia or in this peace deal would lead to a less oppressive state in Eritrea and that certainly hasn't happened and there are some people in Ethiopia who are you know still very worried about the relationship with Eritrea which certainly hasn't become as rosy as many people had hoped Well tell us about it I mean looking at his c.v. He's quite extraordinary. You know very highly educated isn't widely spirit and he is he had experience working for the intelligence agencies and within the former government but the thing about him is the speed at which he's carried out the reforms if you turn the clock back just a couple of years when opposition groups were banned many of the leaders were locked up there were tens of thousands of people in the prisons who'd been out demonstrating on the streets when he came into power I granted an amnesty to political prisoners the media was suddenly free to operate many of Ethiopia's journalists in the years leading up to. His rise to the position of Prime Minister had had to flee the country so extraordinary changes happened very fast and he's also determined to change the economic landscape in the country but what that has done is kind of it's release the states vice like grip on the country and that's led to other problems emerging including a very worrying increase in ethnic tensions and that's the problem he needs to address and it's also the one that his critics point to and say why hasn't he done more to stop the ethnic violence and the mass displacement we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of thousands of people who've had to flee their homes because of this ethnic tension the violence well Russ thank you let's get more now on those reports from Iran that one of its tankers has been hit by missiles in the Red Sea Middle East analyst Alan Johnston has been telling us what we know so far according to the Iranians this tanker was steaming through the waters of the Red Sea early today when she was hit twice by missiles about 90 kilometers southwest of the Saudi port of Jeddah the firm that owns the tanker says there was damage and that there was an oil spill but that this had been minimize. And pollution would be a concern the Red Seas extraordinary rich in marine life the Iranian foreign ministry has said whoever was behind this attack will in his words bear the consequences of this dangerous venture but I should stress again that we're hearing only from the Iranians on this there's been no independent confirmation of these rip this reported attack Well if the reports are true who might be behind it do you think the Iranians will certainly say look where it happened just off the Saudi coast they will say the Saudis are certainly somehow behind this in fact an official from the Rayno company was reported as saying that the missiles probably came from Saudi Arabia but the firm quickly went back on the night that this is actually being said deny that it had gone that far and allocating blame and we've heard nothing so far from the Saudis side the Saudis are always slow and cautious to respond to these kinds of events but of course everybody looking on knows this is a time of extraordinary high tension between Saudi Arabia and Iran just a couple of weeks ago the Saudis blamed the Iranians for a major attack on one of the most important pieces of oil infrastructure in the kingdom and these reports emerging from the Red Sea today can only feed the tension to the sense of instability in the region and you saw that reflected in the oil price spiking in the immediate aftermath of those reports of an attack on Iranian tanker Alan Johnston the French can make Iran has got rid of its chief executive t.r.e. Valery here in the Move On Thursday denounced it as I think who our business correspondent he like it was Boy this was an abrupt and ruthless corporate assassination. It all goes back really to about a year ago when the former chief executive of run Oh Mr Ball there is pretty assessor Carlos go it was also Chairman Issa and he himself was abruptly removed after being arrested in Japan on charges of financial crimes and since then the his really being a very very tense and fraught relationship between runner and the san who are both members of a global structure known as the alliance now Mr Ball Ok was a close associate of Carlos go the word within the industry is that he had an extremely tense relationship with his opposite numbers. Earlier this week on themselves introduced a new chief executive now John Dominic sent up the chairman of Rowe appears to have set enough is enough run no needs new leadership as well therefore they got rid of Mr Bott although they did it extremely quickly he himself said in a newspaper interview that he didn't know that this maneuvering to get rid of him was going on until he stepped off a plane in the early hours of Wednesday morning Nevertheless it does seem that there is now a drive within both runner and minister to have new management a new relationship and to get their structure the alliance back on track. Leggett You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service Still to come here in the newsroom the former South African President Jacob Zuma will get his day in court after ruling that he must stand trial for corruption one of the details from Johannesburg But 1st Gerri as the headlines this hour this is Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the Ethiopian prime minister Ahmed for ending a 20 year conflict with Eritrea Iran's national oil company says 2 missiles have hit one of its tankers in the Red Sea off the coast of Saudi Arabia and as we've just been hearing the French carmaker rennet has sacked its chief executive. The NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg has told Turkey that its allies have serious concerns about the Turkish military operation against Kurdish fighters in northern Syria after me c.n.n. Anchor out with the Turkish foreign minister this just Altenburg said there was a risk of further destabilization in a volatile region why church the house legitimacy security concerns are expect Turkey to act with restraint. We have a common enemy Dorsch a few years ago they controlled significant territory in Iraq and in Syria working together in the global coalition we have liberated all this territory 1000000 so people these gains must not be jeopardized Turkish warplanes have struck targets in northeastern Syria on the 3rd day of the offensive the u.n. Says it has disturbing reports that the bombardment has affected key civilian infrastructure such as PIs stations and dams Turkey says it wants to create what it calls a safe zone free of Kurdish fighters who regards as terrorists our correspondent mushing patients in the Turkish ton of money close to the Syrian border will hear of 3 Turkish military helicopters are just flown overhead they landed there need to government might be another way to resolve it we simply don't know what's going to happen on the ground motion patience on the Turkey Syria border. It looks as though we'll see the former South African President Jacob Zuma in court on corruption charges next week after he failed in an attempt to stop him ever being prosecuted it's all to do with allegations that he took bribes from a French defense company Johannesburg correspondent palms a felony says it's a big blow for Mr Zuma this is a man who has been fighting for years to avoid going to trial and it seems that the state is one step closer to having him finally answer to a slew of charges which include a record hearing money laundering fraud and corruption he does of course have another hand. Approach a higher court. Known here as the Supreme Court of Appeals to get them to decide on the matter but as it stands the trial is set to go ahead next week if he doesn't take that option and it's certainly been a blow for the president who has already complained about the financial burden of what this case has brought but for many South Africans they just want to see the matter finalized with whichever way it goes but it isn't the only corruption investigation he's facing is that it certainly isn't he has also been called before a commission known here as the state capture Commission this is around allegations that he and a close family an Indian business family that was that's been operating in South Africa known here as the cook does who have been operating for the last 10 years that they used their relationship to loot state funds that he was instrumental in how this family was able to be awarded lucrative government contracts these of course allegations that the former presidents and I set the clock to family has denied but he has also been called before that commission to give evidence on what role he played or what he knows happened under his watch so it's certainly a man who is grappling with various charges of corruption be it before a formal court in Maritzburg and separately the commission and his Certainly not getting any rest and terms of how is this all being viewed in South Africa. So the Africans see this as an important thing it's important for them because he is a former statesman whichever way it goes it's important because it speaks about the independence of the judicial system and also the strength of the country's institutions it's an incredible thing that a former president can be put before a court and there is no bloodshed there is no violence that is that's an incredible thing and they want that to be something that's not lost in the to ing and fro ing of what happens to with Mr Zuma that it's just a mini that the country's institutions are still holding and that's a mock Recy is being practiced here. This is the news room Jerry has some other stories from our news desk counter-terrorism police are investigating a series of Stubbings in the main shopping center in the English city of Manchester Police say 5 people were injured and taken to hospital a man in his forty's is under arrest. A cargo plane carrying 8 people has gone missing in the Democratic Republic of Congo officials said air traffic control lost contact with the un ton of craft about an hour after it took off from the eastern city of Goma for the capital Kinshasa a search is underway the plane whose passengers included military personnel have provided logistical support for a visit to eastern Congo by President félix just a k.d. . The Spanish government has announced that the long awaited exhumation of the former dictator General Francisco Franco will go ahead within 2 weeks the body is to be removed from a morsel am never dragged before the campaign starts for next month's parliamentary election that follows a protracted legal tussle with Franco's firmly he wanted him really buried in the crypt of Dana cathedral in the city center. The prime minister of India and already Moody is hosting the Chinese president Xi Jinping a fun informal summit in a small town in south India the relationship between the 2 leaders of the world's biggest countries has been strained because of the disputed region of Kashmir so what can we expect from their talks but I've been speaking to our Asia Pacific region will editor Michael Bristol and to our south Asia regional editor Julie giving I asked Jill 1st if these men like each other and I certainly want to give an impression that they do we did see some images from the last time they had an informal summit like this that was 18 months ago and had pictures of them strolling by the lake in will hand it was all a little bit wooden But Mr Modi likes to try and appeal to personal chemistry sometimes I think to try and cut through difficult diplomatic conversations and it's he's done that before with Mr Putin with Mr Trump possibly a little bit more challenging when it comes to Mr Xi I hear they're described as frenemies Maccie is that fair is difficult to tell particular Chinese leaders because they keep so distant from the public so called and off from anything that you might see very difficult. Get a handle on what their real personalities are certainly hoping will like the fact that this is just one on one or away from the public glare to a certain extent they try to in trying to cultivate an image of him as a friendly uncle they don't really want to make s'posed to any journalist questions or much media speculation So Jill is really one of the biggest issues Kashmir is specially India's decision to change the political status of Indian administered Kashmir I mean that angered China didn't it absolutely and I think India is frustrated because it's seen China speak out covertly and overtly on this issue is one that's very sensitive India certainly the message so far from Indian officials has been look this is our business it's an internal issue so please you know basically implied language mind your own business and I think he's going to try to Mr Modi will probably try and reassure his Chinese counterpart that really this is to do with domestic issues not to do with any any difficulties over the border dispute between the 2 countries and what's the attitude of China then mihi to Kashmir Well they just like any change there you know they obviously have a stake in the border there they see the actions by India as changing the delicate balance which they exist at the moment and they don't like it perhaps not sure what it all means but they have probably fearful about what this change might mean down the line and terrorism that's another big one isn't it Joe Well that's right I mean this is something that India has been working on very much it's very angry about what it sees as Pakistan's support for terrorists for militant groups and a harboring in Pakistan it alleges are some key figures Pakistan of course denies that but I think India's tries to take a message that we really need your support on these issues please at the very least don't block what we're trying to do in internationalizing these concerns and Mickey what is China looking for from India is all about trade really well not so much about trade in that. The trade that they have at the moment is mostly in China's favor they have a large trade surplus with India so it's the Indians who usually complain about this trading relationship not trying and trying to be making sort of like conciliatory noises about allowing you to sell more goods to China I think China is looking to do is move over Kashmir one more over not not changing the status quo which exists at the moment and not trying to probably convince India that the Chinese intentions in in the rest of Central Asia aren't going to threaten their interests to moche and to what does India want what India really want is to have the economic and political clout that China has but I think in the meantime there's a lot of suspicion as India looks at the way that China is a gaining a strategic influence in the South Asian region and is actually about trying to counterbalance that regional editors Juma giving and Michael Bristow. Is known as the Sinatra of the east and tens of thousands of mourners are expected to pay their respects at the coffin of the Czech cigar Carol got ahead of his funeral in Prague on Saturday got who died last week aged 80 recorded several 100 albums and performed throughout the world but he was particularly feted in the communist block dot com remembers a man celebrated as a music megastar. The . Gods collected almost as many nicknames as he did gong discs the golden Nightingale of Prague divine. The Sinatra of the east. This is perhaps his most famous recording from the soundtrack to the popular fairy tale film 3 Wishes for Cinderella 973 co-production between communist Czechoslovakia Eastern. Ways nattily dressed and with a fine expressive. Got sang in a multitude of languages often in check mutations of tracks by his idol Elvis. The 1968 Soviet led invasion cast a temporary pall over his career he never opposed the regime but did flirt with emigration only returning to Czechoslovakia after securing a promise from the communist authorities that he could continue touring in the West he later signed the notorious m t charter against the pro-democracy dissidents movement and act which still causes fierce debate to raise the Willoughby is the head of arts news attract television you know current go to was always here with us he kind of reflect it to his story of Chickasaw they care and the Czech Republic after let's say he was always on the side of the winners certainly he survived the transition to democracy and today tens of thousands will file before his coffin at a palace on a river with long lines of people making over bridges and along the city's streets in memory of a man who started life as a lonely Prague electrician but his voice sought. Mr. Hughes and got his feel isn't passed on such as. The menus this hour this year's Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the Ethiopian prime minister. That's it in the newsroom thanks for listening. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the u.s. Is made possible by American Public Media with support from Baird celebrating 100 years of financial partnerships with individuals businesses communities and institutions more information at Baird 100 dot com and Cronos providing h.r. Solutions for the modern workforce and the people who support them learn more at Kronos dot com slash h r swagger. This is Nancy Whitman host of Nancy's bookshelf here on North State Public Radio each week I talk to authors well known and not so well known about their works of fiction nonfiction or poetry tune in Wednesdays at 10 am and now Sundays at 8 pm for an encore broadcast of Nancy's book shelf. This is the b.b.c. World Service with me one way to find and in business daily shortly we're talking about faith Ping's hazy future in the us multiple deaths and more than 1000 cases of mysterious lung illness have been linked with a thing by America's health authorities what does it mean for tobacco companies to a vaccine that the cigarettes are the feature that's often used. B.b.c. News where Jerry Smit the Ethiopian prime minister Abu Ahmed says he's humbled and thrilled to won the Nobel Peace Prize he described it as an award for Africa where the Nobel committee in Oslo hailed his decisive role in ending the long running border dispute with Eritrea. The National Oil Company of Iran says one of its tankers has been hit by 2 missiles off Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast it's at the vessel was struck nearly 100 kilometers from the Saudi port of Jeddah Iranian state media said an oil spill had now been stopped Turkey has bombed Kurdish held areas of north eastern Syria amid mounting international criticism of its offensive against Kurdish militias which is now in its 3rd day columns of smoke have been rising about the towns of Tel a blood and rattling the u.n. Says it has reposed that the Turkish assault has affected key civilian infrastructure. The French carmaker Renna has abruptly dismissed its chief executive and Jerry Butler a he took up the role only 9 months ago Mr Boller a was a kid associate of cars gone he once headed Venner Nissen but is now facing charges of financial wrongdoing in Japan Iraq's most senior Shia Muslim cleric has blamed the government for the deaths of more than $100.00 people during recent street protests grand Toller Stanley called for the arrest of security personnel involved in opening fire on demonstrators one of the pioneers of space exploration the Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leon Huff has died at the age of 85 Alex failure nuff became the 1st person ever to walk in space in 1965 setting out to the verse heart to capsule as it orbited the Earth later in life he became the commander of the 1st ever joint us Soviet mission b.b.c. News. Hello and welcome to business daily from the b.b.c. I'm Manuela coming up the future of the clue don't go up in smoke across the United States there are 121-4000 independent shops as many smoking cessation clinics they are being threatened with extinction in the next 4 weeks how a health scare about vaporing is threatening a sector that was supposed to save big tobacco companies highly committed to the future of I think we have over 300 scientists working on a scientific research programs we will present the benefit as can bring to the American consumer that's all in business daily from the b.b.c. . At least 18 deaths and more than 1000 cases of mysterious lung illness have been linked with a ping by health authorities in America it's led to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the c.d.c. To advise people to stop using vaporing products or isa Gretz some u.s. States have moved to ban vaporing and President Trump has said he wants a nationwide ban on flavored vaporing it's become a very big business as I understand it like a giant version of her turkey but we can't allow people to get sick and we can't have our youth be so affected people are dying with labeling the they being industry is fighting back as is big tobacco we'll hear from them in just a moment but 1st many of those affected by this mysterious lung disease in the u.s. Are teenagers and in the main these teenagers were vapors of products made by one particular company an American company called Jewel it has about 75 percent of the market that Jews products are very popular amongst younger Americans with some alleging the company deliberately targeted this age group and its marketing Jerry Sullivan's 17 year old son Eddie was a Jew user when he was hospitalized and he woke up with a fever on. Saturday morning at the end of July and spent the whole weekend in bed just a routine fever had no appetite and that Sunday when we went to sleep he woke me up to tell me that he had vomited a few times and he was in some extreme stomach pain so we set off for the local hospital at 3 o'clock in the morning and they did all kinds of tests and they came back and told us that he had pneumonia so we went home took the prescription medication they gave him the end of Iyonix and the following day he said it was really hard to breathe he had some pain in his chest and that his breathing was getting very labored and as the day went on It got more and more difficult and they put him into the pediatric intensive care unit and it wasn't until he disclosed to the doctors about some teenage issues that he had been bathing the doctors said that they're seeing more and more cases of this and the one doctor did not sugarcoat anything he basically said you cannot inhale any of these substances ever again or you will die your lungs will become sicker and sicker and eventually they'll just stop working kids need to understand how dangerous this is parents need to educate themselves I have to admit at the very beginning of all this I was very naive to what baby was I didn't understand he tried to explain to me that it was it was Ok he justified it because it was mango flavored you know it's Ok mom it's just mango vapor and I think that if parents aren't educated they might believe that too and a lot of these devices are very discreet so sometimes kids are reaping right under their parents' noses and parents don't even understand that that's happening so what does the Us vaporing industry have to say about a tool Jewel has already stopped selling some of its flavored fakes amid concerns they encourage younger uses we all stew for a comment but they didn't get back to us in time for this program but quicker recall only president of the American vaporing Association did this so she asian doesn't represent jewel but rather small and medium sized baking businesses in America and Gregory argues the u.s. With a ping health scare is. Not being coolest by nicotine based they ping products as we've seen states like California Washington and Oregon legalized marijuana in the past 56 years you have had these new oil based products come to market but the actual chemical makeup because it's an oil is incredibly different than the nicotine raping products that have been on the market in the u.s. In the u.k. For over 10 years the big problem is not the marijuana itself it is the chemicals the drug dealers are adding to the cartridges in order to thicken up the liquids or the pesticides that are sprayed onto the weed and so the exact cause of these illnesses are not known at the moment but virtually all of the national news reporters who are tracking the story daily none of them really truly believe that more than even a handful if any of these illnesses are being caused by traditional storebought nicotine dating products but how can you be sure that all that they being will ated illnesses that we're seeing in the us at the moment who used by these other elements of an we don't really know is not point what we know from the c.d.c. Data is that the vast majority of people that are being admitted to hospitals are admitting to using illicit t.h.c. Cartridges and then among those that are saying that they weren't We have a quote from doctors who have treated patients as well as health department officials talking about how many youth in particular youth and young adults when their mother when their father is next to them in a hospital bed asking them what they did end up in a hospital they don't freely admit that they were actually using marijuana products there remains no evidence after 8 weeks of the c.d.c. And multiple state health departments testing perhaps hundreds of different nicotine they've been products they've yet to find anything unusual in even a single nicotine dating product the other issue. Really that being brought to the pool with what's happening with the dating industry in the us is that so many teenagers of aping and essentially becoming addicted to the nicotine isn't that a real concern as well another issue that's come out of this crisis is a concern and it highlights the distinction between the u.s. Regulatory system and the system in place throughout the European Union the European Union through the tobacco products directive set a nicotine limit of 2 percent in nicotine dating products in America it is these products like Jewel jewels available in the u.k. But only in a 2 percent nicotine version in a 5 percent nicotine version as they are available in the u.s. They're great for getting heavy adult smokers off of cigarettes but the reverse of that is that youth have discovered that if you take a big puff off of a jewel they get a head rush from it and so we want to see regulations in place that actually distinguish between high nicotine and low nicotine products but the way the America America is going is they're ignoring the high levels of nicotine and simply trying to pretend that flavors are the sole driver of youth taping and that's just not the case but that's just blaming the regulations I mean what what's stopping companies like to just reducing the amount of nicotine in that product that's a choice for 0 to make I'm not here to defend what we're worried about most is that across the United States there are 121-4000 independent shops that act as many smoking cessation clinics helping smokers find the product that's going to get them off of cigarettes those stores aren't really selling jewels they're only selling the very high nicotine products but nonetheless they are being threatened with extinction in the next 4 weeks just because the majority of youth who are vaporing are using one particular product from one company that's own one 3rd by are low. Arjun's tobacco companies something is wrong here when you're going to have all these small businesses that are dedicated to helping smokers quit that have a great track record of not selling to minors and they're going to be put out of business because some Silicon Valley tech company put their product out on the market without proper controls Gregory Conley of the American vaporing Association safe to say he's no fan of jewel but what to make of his claim that America's vaporing health scare is down to t.h.c. Oils and other things being added to nicotine cartridges used invading products a question for Gilmore She's professor of Public Health at the University of Bath in the u.k. And spokesperson for stop a global industry watchdog aimed at stopping tobacco organizations and products and that does appear to have some truth in it and I think at the moment they're still struggling to understand exactly what is causing this so they have now looked at that lungs you know taken samples from these lungs and shown the information but I think they can't yet narrow down exactly what's causing it or what mixture of chemicals is causing it but certainly it appears that in a large number of the people affected t.h.c. Has been involved presumably will take years before they no I don't think it would take years now they can look at the histology it would take years to have a long term epidemiological study to understand all the different ways in which the cigarettes might impact on health but I think in this kind of outbreak if you like we will be able to learn quite a lot from studying that outbreak and what's been happening in the outbreak and using the historic from the samples there I'm in the point that the very plain Association was making in the States again not an association of which Jew is part there was saying The point is that in the u.k. And other countries the contents of they ping materials is much more regulated than in the States and that these things matter yes that I mean the regulator context does absolutely matter so we do have a different record. Environment here you know there have been I think a couple of cases elsewhere not necessarily the same but there have been some case reports here in the u.k. Written up that the situation is complicated because ease cigarettes are potentially an opportunity in some ways but they're also a threat and the challenge for public health is to harness that opportunity so that smokers you know smoking cigarettes is incredibly deadly 2 out of 3 will die ultimately for from long term use so trying to help smokers quit is vitally important there is some evidence that the cigarettes can help smokers quit and if we can harness that potential you could lead to public health benefit the difficulty is that there are risks as I was saying alongside that and we have an industry that will try and promote these products to to anyone Professor Gilmore more from her again a little later the thing about America's they ping scare is that it's not just affecting Silicon Valley start ups like Jewel this is a business heavily backed by big tobacco in many cases those selling vaporing products to teenagers or ex smokers are exactly the same people who used to sell them cigarettes do for example is 35 percent owned by the cigarette giant ultra all the big tobacco companies putting money into the development of so-called noncombustible So it's supposed to be a growth strategy for the future and it tighter regulation and fooling smoking rates have a listen to Andre Cullen the c.e.o. Of Philip Morris the world's largest tobacco company and maker of mobile cigarettes speaking to the b.b.c. Here recently their objective of the company that I set years ago is that we're in place cigarettes as soon as possible with small 3 of them and we have invested $6000000000.00 in developing and commercializing this products. 92 percent of all are in the expense is in these new products that are smoke free and even more important 60 percent of any commercial activity we're on worldwide or worried a few countries yet with a smoke free integrity is on these new products so cigarettes will be phased out over time in we do our best to convince people just wait so how will they ping scaring the Us effect big tobacco's commitment to they paying Imperial brands makes cigarettes like gold was it also makes of a ping product the cigarette called Blue a rival to Jewel and the company's group commercial director of vapor products is Richard Hill I think in the short term the potential for the categories very damaging because if there's a panel of flavors then the big risk is that all smokers who have switched of aping go back to combustible cigarettes does it does that mean the end of you there is as a unit of imperiled about of imperial brands we're highly committed to the future of aping we've been on the market for 10 years and we have over 300 scientists working on our scientific research programs and working with the regulator particular in the USA We will prove the benefit that our partners can bring to the American consumer but if there is a band will that keep going with those 300 scientists keep working is there point to it anymore we're going to continue to invest in the science of product development to give those 1000000000 smokers worldwide the choice they want to sink less harmful alternatives because there's been such a positive benefit of a ping on national health and us over the last 10 years and thinking became popular we can't afford to let out decline as a company is Imperial Bruns really putting all its money and investment in they paying or I how much of of the investment that the company makes is still going into developing markets where people are smoking traditional tobacco products our whole focus in terms of our business development is on reduced risk products just this year we've launched pulsated tobacco in Japan we've launched next on the container. Newquay I mean expanding bling from $4.00 to $20.00 countries globally goes live next week so sales of our our new products are up by more than 50 percent this year but it's about the investment isn't it that's really where you get a sense of where the priority is for a company I mean are you an investment priority for imperial brands or is a lot of money still being invested in the company and in developing traditional markets No we are absolutely an investment priority and the other side before we have a balanced portfolio of it at the back of only Katyn and they ping products and we continue to invest in the science and product development to give those smokers an opportunity to do something less harmful Richard Hill So the big tobacco companies like Philip Morris and imperial brands insist that their future is in vaporing but not everyone is convinced back to Professor Anna Gilmore of the stop campaign who we heard from earlier they were actually using this to rehabilitate their emission trying to claim we've changed you know we want people to quit smoking but you know if you read what they're saying about that really it is hot air that they're claiming they want everyone to go smoke free but actually if they so there he is Philip Morris if they sold they hated tobacco products just to current smokers as they claim you know their business model would die out so it's a fast ball claim and actually there's overwhelming evidence that not only are they trying to sell their hated tobacco products they're trying to sell their cigarettes and really for them it's about maximizing sales of both products in the markets where cigarettes sales are declining they're particularly promoting heated tobacco products and then more in low middle income countries where there is still scope for cigarette sales to increase they're still promoting cigarette sales and obviously that you know the current situation does present a threat at least to some of them particularly those that are exposed to the cigarette market in the in the us and that's for example why we see the chief executive of imperial step down so where are tobacco companies making most of the money at the moment for cigarettes the most profitable markets in the West so you're Austin. America's interesting even though these are of the markets where people are stopping smoking and moving on to vapor in products what partly Do you know cigarettes are incredibly profitable because they're highly addictive so you can keep ramping up the price and up until now despite declining sales by ramping up the price they have been able to maintain their profits and for the 1st time that model is looking threatened so the lower middle income country markets absolutely are becoming more and more important to them if they ping is outlawed in America if it becomes illegal overnight and there is a concern amongst the investment community that this might happen would that necessarily spell the end of these tobacco companies of the cigarette makers you know he cigarettes are just one product we've also got heated tobacco products and we've still got cigarettes they will continue to sell the other products you know and these are companies that are resilient you know they have faced a lot of threats and overcome them within the tobacco companies there are some that are more dependent on each cigarettes in the u.s. Market for the cigarettes and those will be most threatened here but I don't think it would spell the end professor and a Gilmore ending this edition of Business Daily do get in touch with your thoughts the Twitter handles or at b.b.c. Business or at Manila b.b.c. And if you've missed any previous editions of the program you'll find them all wherever you usually download your part cos don't forget to leave us a review a good one preferably Business Daily is back again on Monday. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service and now witness history and to end our week of special programming to Mark Black History Month in the u.k. Today we're going back to World War 2 when the 1st American troops started arriving in Britain in 1960 among them with thousands of African American G.I.'s behind a Haida has been speaking to Babs Gibson was one of the children born as a result of their mother's relationships with African American soldiers when black American G.I.'s arrived in Britain in 1900 the u.s. Department of Defense produced a film to educate the young men about what sort of welcome they might receive our governor could have been very nice meeting you when you're mad here you're funny you should come from burning room to rebuild it and you can't and I don't mean you come to my home and have a cup of tea but it's estimated that at least $2000000.00 American servicemen passed through the u.k. During World War 2 and tens of thousands of them were black and let's be frank about it there are colored soldiers as well as a bike here and there are less social restrictions in this country that's what you heard an English woman asking a colored boy if a she was polite about it and he was polite about it now but that might not happen at home but the point is we're not at home the point is still if we bring a lot of prejudices here what we're going to go by when the African American G.I.'s was stationed in Britain u.s. Army forced them to abide by the racial segregation laws that applied in the u.s. Lucy Bland is a historian and the author of Britain's brown babies it's a circle race John it's a segregation on 48 vast majority came from the Deep South and white g.r.s. Attack. With impunity that's what her shocking the thing is the American soldiers were all under the jurisdiction of the American military so they had very particular. Jobs the backyard's Bay came and built the air bases they were not allowed to fly they built the air bases the men taking the planes they weren't allowed in Britain to bear arms the black soldiers often formed positive relationships with local people their man as an attitude made them stand out from their white American counterparts they were pretty much all over the country particularly sort of Home Counties he stronger and these areas were very white areas very white areas many people had never seen a black person before except probably on the film and how were the black Shiites treated by the locals. Well that shows were awful really liked and they were see it as much more attractive than the white Jr's because they were seen as much polite so I think for many they were very attractive but no matter how attractive black she is' in the segregated u.s. Army with a bed for marrying their white girlfriends although the u.s. Military to no I that there was actual law every I had to get permission from the commanding officer and invariably the commanding officers who were white would refuse it and if pushed their rational was that back in the States there were then 48 states 30 had and decision as you know those laws that forbade marriage between whites and blacks and. The local people in Ipswich were very surprised at how badly the black G.I.'s were treated compared to the white Babs Gibson who is one of about 2000 babies born to white women and black American G.I.'s during World War 2. The people in East Anglia were very supportive of the black g.i. And so they would invite him to their homes in Brighton for family meals the family that I was born into they got to know my natural father very well Babs his mother was already married to an English naval officer and she met a black us Air Force engineer as adults. I guess one thing led to another when they started socializing with the local G.I.'s and they had you know parties and dances and things like that going on. The relationship started to form and both my mother and her sister paired up with. Her mother fell pregnant in 1984 but she never told her black g.i. Boyfriend about the baby she returned to the us without knowing when her mother's Navy officer husband returns after the war he didn't quit. Sure whether he was Babs his father until later my skin was very fat and so she thought I think that she was going to get away with it and pass me off as as his By the time the following late spring happened my skin started to darken significantly and it was obvious that I wasn't his child but my stepfather when he realised I was put out in the garden at the bottom of the garden and not allowed to come into the house which meant that she knew that I would have to be put into care when she was just 5 months old Babs was sent away from her family in Ipswich she lived in a children's home for the next 4 years then a foster family came forward and it seemed like a new start but Babs faced racial abuse at school people in the neighborhood wouldn't allow their children to play with me most of the hostility was actually encouraged by my classroom teacher he would take me out into the playground with the children and tell them that I could climb a pole like a monkey climbs a tree and then the other thing he did was he sat me at the back of the classroom and he would tell the other children that I didn't have the same brain as white children when her foster mother died Babs was removed from her foster family and placed in another children saying she was 10 years old 3 years later have birth mother came to collect it was not the reunion that Babs had expected the matron introduced me to this woman who she said was my mother and she was a total stranger so I looked at her and I was puzzled because not only was she a total stranger but she was white and I couldn't make sense of any of this because I always thought my natural mother would be like me at this stage Babs did you know anything about your mother you know. Absolutely nothing until that day when you were 14 yeah yeah yeah and how were you feeling I didn't have to say I had to go home with her. And I didn't want to Babs Gibson mood had a difficult relationship with her birth mother who would split up with her husband and was abusive to her mixed race child eventually Babs left him and trained as a nurse it was at this point that she started to try to find out more about her birth father but even getting basic information from the Children's Charity been orders which held her records wasn't easy they didn't want to give any information to me they just said they had a duty to protect other people's relationships and lives and it wasn't until there was the Freedom of Information Act that was passed that I decided to have another go and I went down to the nodders to ask to see my records and once I got those records then I started to trace my my roots really in America my father was alive up to he's 89th birthday but then died of cancer and so I never met him and what did it mean to you to find this American family and to find out more about your birth father I think for me it means that place to have some understanding of where I come from and it would be lovely just that interested me as I am as interested in. Many of the so-called brown babies now in that early seventy's have spent a lifetime searching for their parents and Babs knaves that being able to trace her father she is one of the lucky ones not to know anything about yourself this is really tough to go through life in a family. Own neighborhood not want to play with you not want to let their children play with and not to understand why other than that you're the wrong shade and I never wanted to be anything different to what I was I just wanted to be accepted for who I was. That was Babs Gibson was and I was also talking to Lucy and he also of Britain's babies that was for Hyder and if you like listen to more of our Black History programs just search online for b.b.c. Witness history collections. Your tune to n.s. P.r. North State Public Radio k c h o Chico n.k.f. P.r. Reading listener supported public radio for northern California a broadcast service of California State University Chico where on the web and my. Good morning House lawmakers want to hear from 2 men arrested Wednesday while they waited to board an overseas flight at Dulles Airport outside Washington they're accused of campaign finance violations in connection with the Trump super pac It's Morning Edition from n.p.r. News. Coming up we'll hear from the former head of the f.c.c. About what information led to these men's arrest I'm David Greene and I'm Rachel Martin we are also on the ground in Turkey with the latest on the military operation across the border in Syria. President border wall is going up in Arizona why it's conservationists. Takes on the very grownup problem of addiction it is Friday October 11th half of the music duo Hall and Oates celebrate the birthday today Daryl Hall turns 73. News is next. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm nor rom the United Nations says tens of thousands of Syrians have fled their homes in border villages in northeast Syria as Turkey's military incursion continues for a 3rd day aid groups say civilians are in need of food and medicine N.P.R.'s Daniel Estrin reports from near the Syrian border in Iraq Doctors Without Borders says the lone public hospital in the Syrian border town of has shut down that town is seeing some of the most intense fighting between Turkish backed fighters and Syrian Kurdish forces most medical staff and residents of the town have fled Doctors Without Borders says it's aiding residents taking refuge in schools office buildings shops and relatives homes the u.n. World Food Program says over 70000 Syrian civilians from border towns have fled deeper into Syria away from the Turkish border it says it's providing meals to about 11000 civilians and preparing food rations Daniel Estrin n.p.r. News Doak near the Iraq Syria border in Iranian oil tanker was set on fire in the Red Sea today according to Iranian state media reports that the vessel was hit by a missile attack N.P.R.'s Ruth Sherlock has more Iranian state news agencies say the ship was struck by missiles this morning and that 2 of the ships may just storage tanks were hit.

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