Whats happening today in kenya is a banking breakthrough right up there with the invention of the credit card and the atm. It is often referred to as kenyas alternative currency, but safer and more secure. Stahl youre texting money. You are effectively texting money. Kroft im steve kroft. Stahl im lesley stahl. Cooper im anderson cooper. Whitaker im bill whitaker. Logan im lara logan. Pelley im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Cbs money watch update sponsored by glor good evening. Ten countries in Southeast Asia today formed a new economic bloc to help compete with china. The price of turkey is at its highest ever, about 23 for a 16pound bird. And jeff gordon ended his sprint cup career today with merely im jeff glor, cbs news. Sometimes the present looked bright. Sometimes romantic. There were tears in my eyes. And tears in my eyes. And so many Little Things that we learned were really the biggest things. Through it all, we saved and had a retirement plan. 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Information for an athletes medical care, or information to track their personal best. With microsoft cloud, we save millions of man hours, and thats time that we can invest in our athletes and whitaker the coordinated strikes in paris carried out by terrorists at multiple locations, as well as the attack this past friday in mali, are the latest examples of what american Law Enforcement calls active shooter cases. These are situations where gunmen are intent on killing as many people as possible, and often are still shooting when the Police Arrive on the scene. Anderson cooper, on assignment for 60 minutes, begins the story from paris. Cooper what happened here a week ago friday is Law Enforcements Worst Nightmare multiple shooters attacking multiple locations, stretching the resources of police and crippling a city. There was only one active shooter attack in the United States in 2000, but by 2015, there were more than one a month. They usually involve just one gunman, but american Law Enforcement has been expecting a paris style attack in the u. S. For years. William bratton in american policing, we have no answer for why we dont have more of these events, and why we dont have more that are very specifically put on by terroristrelated activists. Cooper new York Police Commissioner bill bratton said the n. Y. P. D. Has been preparing for that kind of attack ever since the 2008 terrorist strike in mumbai, india, that killed 173 people and shut down a city of more than 18 million for three days. What did you learn from mumbai . Multiple shooters consciously going in a lot of different directions. Cooper multiple shooters, multiple locations. Bratton multiple shooters who had bombs in taxi cabs, railway stations, the hotel. We also learned that these people are going to take hostages only for the purpose of media attention. Theyre going to kill them. Theyre not interested in negotiating to surrender. Theyre negotiating just to extend the span of time that you in the media are going to cover what theyre doing. So thats a very significant change, where we normally try to rescue the hostages through negotiation. Cooper after mumbai, you fully anticipated were going see that here in the United States . Bratton thats correct. Cooper and you still believe that . Bratton still believe it. And thats why we prepare for it. Cooper the new York Police Department is so concerned about a paris and mumbaitype attack, theyre retraining all 35,000 Police Officers in the city. Weapon is now loaded, finger off the trigger, holster up. Cooper they allowed us to watch some of what theyre doing. Detective Raymond Mcpartland is the lead trainer with the n. Y. P. D. Counterterrorism division, and says its Critical Police move in quickly to stop an active shooter. Raymond mcpartland the big piece i always tell people is time is of an issue for both ends. The shooter always wants more time inside because thats more victims. We need to cut his time in half, if not minimize it completely, by getting there quickly. And thats a complete shift, a paradigm change for. For Law Enforcement across the board. gunfire cooper getting in there quickly means overcoming chaotic and confusing situations in pursuit of the gunman. gunfire mcpartland so now, you got a shot. So now, that changes what were doing here because were going to go in that direction. Cooper in this drill, a team of four officers has to stop an active shooter in a classroom full of students, some of whom are already wounded. Responding officers are told to focus on finding the gunmen before they try to treat any casualties. Its also got to be tough because you have hysterical people in a classroom. Theyre going to be screaming, help this person, help this person. Mcpartland yeah, sure, and just think of the psychological aspect. I mean, you go into a School Shooting and y. And you see children. You see. This is something anybodys going to want to bend to stop that. But what we try to instill in them is that we need to stop the killing further. Cooper in another training scenario, we watched the Police Respond to a simulated attack by loosely based on what happened in mumbai. gunfire they immediately engage in a gun battle with the first shooter, whos surrounded himself with civilians. Mcpartland the issue becomes, now youve got a crowded hallway. So this is how they are going to have to deal with it. If you notice, on the floor, there is a bag. At the very least, we should start thinking i. E. D. Explosive device. Its something we are concerned about. Cooper for the first officers on the scene, information is limited and often contradictory. With every second that passes, more people could be dying. The adrenaline is pumping so much that it changes the way you think. It changes your judgment. Mcpartland sure. Its a survival instinct. Theres a man with a gun thats in that room and hes trying to kill other people. Cooper right. Mcpartland and under stress. The idea of stress science is fascinating when it comes to our world because your vision goes down to about 17 under stress. If i said long guns, if i said tactical gear, and i said terrorism, whats the one thing you should also be thinking about . I. E. D. S . Mcpartland i. E. D. S. Thinking about bombs. Cooper afterwards, detective mcpartland reviews the exercise with the officers and asks them about the bag that was left in the hallway. I didnt notice the bag. Cooper if you had noted that that was an i. E. D. In that bag, would you still keep going for the shooter . Mcpartland unfortunately, yeah. If we had to stop for every bag we found, then obviously wed have a problem because we would never get to that guy. Cooper a number of American Cities have been retraining their police in a similar way. Washington, d. C. , police chief cathy lanier says their preparations have taken on new urgency since isis made a threat this week to launch attacks in rome and washington. Cathy lanier people say, you know, what is it that keeps you awake at night . Its not all the things that we train for and we know about; its the one thing that we havent yet thought about. What is it that were missing . Cooper weve now seen a number of people who are just they support isis, but may have no actual direct connection with a group like isis, but just theyve watched some videos and theyve decided to. Lanier even scarier less trip. Cooper thats even scarier . Lanier less tripwires. Less. Less opportunity for us to intercept. I dont think youre going to stop the shootings. I think that a person whos committed to carrying out an act of violence like this is going to carry that act out. How successful they are and how many people they kill we can try and intervene on. Cooper Police Departments started to take a serious look at how they respond to active shooters after the attacks at Columbine High School in 1999. Columbine was a real turning point, in terms of reassessing strategy in active shooter situations . Lanier yes, it was huge. So, we based a lot of our training for active shooter response at the local Law Enforcement level. We based a lot of our training on columbine. Cooper in columbine, two troubled teenagers freely roamed the school, killing 12 students and a teacher while, outside, personnel set up a perimeter and waited for 45 minutes before going in. Lanier and i very distinctly remember a parent being interviewed who said, what were they waiting for . They have guns, my kids dont have. None of our kids had guns. Cooper in the recent paris attack here at the bataclan concert hall, police waited 35 minutes outside for the Tactical Team to prepare before going in. A u. S. Law enforcement source described that as a familiar old american model that has been abandoned. Columbine taught police they had to get in fast, despite the fact a swat team might not be there. Lanier this is a homicide in progress. You cant wait for backup, you cant wait for the swat team. You are the only thing that can stop that shooting. You have to get in there and do it. Cooper thats what washington, d. C. , police did in 2013 at the navy yard when a mentally ill employee began shooting his coworkers. We have an active shooter, a male with a shotgun. Multiple shots fired. Multiple people down. Lanier our first call to 911 came in one minute and 36 seconds after the first shots were fired. We already had multiple people that were shot at that point. Cooper chief lanier learned a number of lessons from the Police Response to the navy yard shootings. Some of the rifles police had were too big for the narrow corridors the shooter was moving through. And the sound of fire alarms made it difficult to determine where shots were being fired from. Lanier the flashes you see are the fire alarms. The fire alarms been pulled. The fire alarms going off. Its loud. And theyve got gunshots being fired, and theyre trying to narrow down where the gunman is so they can get to the gunman and stop the shooting. Cooper it took police an hour and nine minutes to kill the shooter. And of the 12 people who were killed, the first ten were killed how quickly . Lanier six minutes. Cooper that fast . Lanier that fast. Cooper according to the fbi, 60 of active shooter attacks are over before police ever arrive. So now, Law Enforcement agencies throughout the country are trying to educate the public on how to survive on their own lanier your options are run, hide, or fight. Cooper thats what you tell people they should do . Lanier yes. What we tell them is. Is the facts of the matter is that most active shooters kill most of the victims in ten minutes or less, and the best Police Department in the countrys going to be about a five to sevenminute response. I always say if you can get out, getting outs your first option, your best option. If youre in a position to try and take the gunman down, to take the gunman out, its the best option for saving lives before police can get there. And thats. You know, thats kind of counterintuitive to what cops always tell people, right . We always tell people, dont. You know, dont take action. Call 911. Dont intervene in the robbery, you know. Weve never told people, take action. Its a different. This is a different scenario. Cooper youre telling them that now, though . Lanier we are. It is important to remember that, as tragic and scary as these active shooter attacks are, its highly unlikely youll ever be caught up in one. Bratton you have a very low chance of being a victim of an incident like this. But what we try to do is encourage awareness. The idea is to have an awareness without creating a fear. Cooper a persons chance of actually having some sort of encounter with an active shooter is, like, one in two million. A persons chance of being hit by lightning is one in 700,000. Do you worry about an overreaction, people getting too scared, fearful of something which, in all likelihood, they will never encounter . Lanier you can be prepared and you can have a society that is resilient and alert and conscientious and safer without scaring people. Cooper you dont want people to be afraid . Lanier no, that works against you. If you educate people on actions they can take to reduce their risk, then you can save some lives. And i think its. Its irresponsible for us not to do that. Im not worried about an overreaction. Im more worried about a numbness to what is potentially a reality. Cooper a numbness . Lanier yes. Cooper how do you mean . Lanier just ignoring it and not preparing yourself. Thats not an option anymore. New york citys Counter Terrorism czar on what we can learn from the paris attacks. Go to 60minutesovertime. Com. Sponsored by lyrica. Before i had the shooting, burning, pinsandneedles of diabetic nerve pain, these feet. Served my country. Carried the weight of a family. And walked a daughter down the aisle. But i couldnt bear my diabetic nerve pain any longer. So i talked to my doctor and he prescribed lyrica. Nerve damage from diabetes causes diabetic nerve pain. Lyrica is fdaapproved to treat this pain. Lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions or suicidal thoughts or actions. Tell your doctor right away if you have these, new, or worsening depression, or unusual changes in mood or behavior. Or swelling, trouble breathing, rash, hives, blisters, muscle pain with fever, tired feeling, or blurry vision. Common side effects are dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain and swelling of hands, legs and feet. 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Logan in the aftermath of the attacks in paris, france stepped up its air campaign against the Islamic State. But on the ground in iraq, the fight has been left to the kurds, Iraqi Security forces, and shiite militias backed by iran, some of those same shiite militias that were killing and wounding american soldiers during the iraq war just a few years ago. Today, they have a common enemy in the Islamic State. Its a difficult and awkward arrangement, and there arent Many Americans who are more familiar with it than Major General peter gersten, a combat veteran from the iraq war and now one of the top commanders in this fight. Peter gersten were in the combined joint operations center. Logan general gersten took us into the war room in baghdad, where iraqis and americans have been sitting side by side for more than a year. Thousands of calls for u. S. And Coalition Air strikes have come through here. Who is bringing the intelligence that feeds these calls . Gersten we have our own intelligence. We have national intelligence. Everythings fusing in different parts of this building and coming to this strike cell, and thats where its checked and coordinated and approved. Logan on their screens, live feeds from drones that record every minute of the war, and scenes from inside Islamic Stateheld territory, like this one in a town in western iraq that gersten and the iraqis were watching on september 11th this year. These are isis photographs that general gersten confirmed were from the same scene. In the town square, 12 Islamic State fighters were preparing to execute this man. Gersten they brought small children and brought them to the very front of the crowd. And we sat there helplessly. Calls are coming for a strike. We strike now. Lets go after these 12 individuals. Theyre going to assassinate this person in front of these children. But we cant because theyre children. And we had to watch that. Logan moments later, the execution took place and the victim lay dead, shot by this man, once in the head, then once more in the body. The american drone stayed with the 12 terrorists. Gersten we followed them as they got into three vehicles and drove out of town, and then they made a mistake, because they always make mistakes. And they all 12 went into a building on the side of a river. And none of those 12 came out. Logan gersten told us this is the air strike that destroyed that building. Its one of more than 5,000 strikes to support the iraqi army and Kurdish Forces on the ground over the past year. Yet the Islamic State remains entrenched in its strongholds. Fallujah was the first city to fall in january 2014. Five months later, mosul, the countrys second largest city, fell and the iraqi army collapsed. Islamic state terrorists quickly advanced toward the iraqi capital, attempting to encircle baghdad, infiltrating towns and villages right on the outskirts. With the iraqi army largely absent from the fight, it was the shiite militias, backed by shiite iran, iraqs neighbor to the east, that helped push back the sunni militants of the Islamic State. One of the shiite militias that led the counterattack was the badr organization, now officially part of whats known here as the popular after months of negotiation, they agreed to take us up to the front, a treacherous journey we could not have made without them. For more than a year, the Islamic State held this ground. Badr fighters told us they fought hard to win it back. Now, through desolate landscape scarred by recent battles, they were taking us toward their frontline just outside fallujah, an impenetrable Islamic State base for almost two years. Were going up to the part of the frontline that is closest to fallujah. Were told that this point is only a mile away, and the biggest threat here is from snipers. It was in fallujah in 2004 that 82 americans died, fighting the bloodiest battle of the iraq war. Ali abrawi, the local commander here, showed us a tunnel islamic undetected from american planes. Theres a daesh i. E. D. Right there. Logan . And he showed us unexploded bombs they left behind. This river, he said, is the distance between his fighters and the enemy. This is a lot of spent rounds, huh . Look at all this. Thats about two months. Logan this is about two months of shooting . So they used the buildings for cover, and they come and attack in small groups . Translator sometimes, they fight from the houses. And sometimes, they use the trees and the bushes for cover. Logan the task that lies ahead of trying to liberate fallujah and mosul, the major cities still occupied by the enemy, is daunting. But it remains the eventual goal of their leader, who was among the first to rush into battle against the Islamic State, or daesh, as they call it here. Hadi alamiri translated i consider myself a fighter, defending my country against daesh with all that i can. Logan hadi alamiri is one of the most powerful and feared men in iraq, known for his brutal tactics against iraqs sunni population in the civil war that followed the u. S. Invasion. This is him as a young man in footage from iranian tv. He spent much of his life in exile in iran as a commander in the resistance against saddam hussein, and he still has deep ties to the iranian regime. Amiri everyone who fights alongside us is a friend. Everyone who fights alongside daesh is an enemy. Logan so that means america, in this fight, is your friend . Amiri no, only if they seriously fight daesh. Logan are you saying theyre not seriously fighting daesh now . Amiri frankly, well below expectations. Gersten we have struck thousands and thousands of enemy positions. We are giving a considerable amount of equipment, effort, money and training to securing the government of iraq. Logan the perception among iraqis is that youre in the fight, but youre not really in the fight, not 100 . Gersten we have thousands of Coalition Members here. I have spent 25 years in this region. I would find that hard to believe that were not interested in the safety and security of the government of iraq. Logan its part of general gerstens job to know where hadi alamiris men are on the battlefield. Amiri commands the largest shiite force in the country, seen here in images they captured this spring as they helped secure a major victory, winning back saddam husseins hometown, tikrit, from the Islamic State. But theyre fighting without weapons or support from the u. S. Amiris fighters, like these men at a Training Camp we visited deep in the south of the country, are among more than 100,000 volunteers that make up the Popular Mobilization forces, men who rushed into the fight in the days after the iraqi army fell apart. Now, hardened in battle, they come to camps like this to continue their training in between deployments to the frontline. Amiri these young people took their weapons and defended baghdad from being overrun. Then, they carried on and returned vast areas of iraq to government control. Everyone accepts now that, if it wasnt for them, not only baghdad, but the entirety of iraq would have been overrun by daesh. Logan how many men have been lost so far . Amiri a significant number, more than 2,000 martyrs in this war. Logan more than 2,000 militia fighters, and thousands more iraqi police and soldiers. The faces of the dead line the streets of the capital, stretching for blocks. Its one of the first things we noticed as we drove around the city. Many of these men killed by isis fighters using a weapon so lethal, general gersten told us the americans have given it a name frankentruck. Gersten these frankentrucks are something out of a movie, something you see in a Science Fiction movie. These are vehicles that theyve welded metal plates to, loaded them with high explosives, put a suicide bomber inside of them, and set themselves off. That is their precision weapon. Logan and they used six to eight of those in one operation. Typically six to eight of those in every operation they do, as high as 15. Logan this is whats believed to be a frankentruck racing toward kurdish troops in the battle to retake the town of sinjar last week, before the soldiers managed to hit it just in time. Kurdish forces do most of the fighting in the north. And the iraqi army, now reorganized, fights with the shiite militias in the rest of the country. But with raids like this one in Northern Iraq a few weeks ago, the u. S. Is still being drawn deeper into this war. American special operations soldiers helped rescue 70 iraqi hostages, but lost one of their own, the First American to die in combat here since the end of the iraq war. Would you like to see America Ground in iraq . No . Amiri told us he would not welcome a return to the days when thousands of u. S. Troops were deployed here. Amiri why do you need to bring american soldiers to die on iraqi ground . We have young iraqi men who are able to defend their country, if they had the equipment. It would be shameful for us. Logan on our trip with amiris men, they delivered food donated by private citizens to shiite forces along the frontline, eager to portray this as an army of all iraqs people. But there are very few sunnis among their ranks, and the shiite militias have been accused of revenge attacks against sunni civilians in areas theyve liberated. Amiris own sectarian past was cable we read to him, including allegations that he may have personally ordered attacks on up to 2,000 sunnis during the civil war that followed the u. S. Invasion. One of his preferred methods of killing allegedly involved using a power drill to pierce the skulls of his adversaries. Amiri if you have the slightest evidence of even one attack carried out by us against the sunnis, you can blame me. Logan so are you saying there is no evidence, or are you saying its not true . Amiri absolutely. I say it never happened. Logan when hadi alamiris men are in the fight, u. S. Warplanes are not allowed to bomb in support of them. American weapons and air power are reserved for those under the control of the iraqi government. And we were stunned when general gersten told us only a small percentage of the shiite militias fighting the Islamic State meet the requirements for gersten roughly, were running around 15 to 20 of forces that are aligned to the government of iraq, weve identified those forces. Logan only 15 to 20 . Gersten only 15 to 20 . The rest are not aligned, officially, to the government of iraq. Logan for now, these forces are focused on the Islamic State, and we didnt find anyone who thinks isis can be defeated without these militias. But with every piece of ground they help win back, their power and influence grows. Isnt there a price you pay for that down the line . Gersten those are policy decisions that are above what im doing here now, here to destroy daesh. Logan you have guys in this fight who were killing and wounding americans in the war that you fought in. Does that not trouble you . Gersten im very concerned. That is something that we work every day. Right now, the focus is on destroying daesh. We have a common enemy, a common cancer that we have to go after affect all the world. With my moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, the possibility of a flare was almost always on my mind. Thinking about what to avoid, where to go. And how to deal with my uc. To me, that was normal. Until i talked to my doctor. She told me that humira helps people like me get uc under control and keep it under control when certain medications havent worked well enough. Humira can lower your ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. Serious, sometimes fatal infections and cancers, including lymphoma, have happened; as have blood, liver, and nervous system problems, serious allergic reactions, and new or worsening heart failure. Before treatment, get tested for tb. Tell your doctor if youve been to areas where certain fungal infections are common, and if youve had tb, hepatitis b, are prone to infections, or have flulike symptoms or sores. Dont start humira if you have an infection. Raise your expectations. Ask your gastroenterologist about humira. For twenty years. Something is wrong with our Healthcare System and it needs to be fixed. Then, it was about Health Reform and getting eight million kids covered. Now, its about stopping republicans from repealing obamacare, and taking on Insurance Companies to bring down drug prices. Im not going to let the republicans rip up obamacare and throw it away. Im Hillary Clinton and i approve this message. Stahl tech giants like google, facebook, and paypal are all steadily rolling out newfangled services to turn our smart phones into digital wallets, replacing cash and checks. And its been reported that apple is working on a new Payment Option to let iphone users send money directly to one another as easily as a text message. If this all seems cutting edge, you may be surprised to learn theres one country that adopted mobile money years ago kenya. Here in the u. S. , we can use smart phones to pay for things, but you typically need to be linked to a bank account or credit card. In kenya, you dont need a bank account, you dont need a credit history, or very much money, for that matter, making this country in east africa a giant Experimental Laboratory defining the future of money. At a bus station in nairobi, buses were not only loaded with humans and cargo, but with cash. It used to be the only way for people working in the cities to get money to relatives back in their remote villages. Bob collymore you give the cash to the bus driver, and then you say, when you get up to the village in kakamega, you will see someone at the crossroads. Give the money to him. Guess what happens. The money evaporates. Stahl bob collymore, the c. E. O. Of kenyas largest cell phone provider, safaricom, says his company sought to solve the problem. While a majority of kenyans dont have a bank account, eight phone. So in 2007, safaricom started offering a way to use that cell phone to send and receive cash. They call it mpesa m stands for mobile; pesa is money in swahili. Collymore it is often referred to as kenyas alternative currency, but safer and more secure. Stahl youre texting money . Collymore you are effectively texting money. Stahl how sophisticated is the phone that you use for mpesa . Is it a smart phone . Collymore no, its the cheapest phone you can have. It was designed to work at the lowest level of technology. Stahl hello. Hello. Hi. Stahl hi. How are you . Im fine. Stahl to get this currency, you go to an mpesa kiosk. I give the agent 3,000 shillings about 30 in cash and she converts it to Virtual Currency on my account. This is pretty easy. Its not like opening a bank account. There are 85,000 agents like her across kenya, creating a giant grid of human a. T. M. S. For most, this is a side business, so a pharmacy will sell mpesa, or a roadside spiceshop. This barber will give you a shave and mpesa. And, yes, you can even buy mpesa here. Collymore this is bankless banking. Stahl you dont need all those branches. Collymore you dont need the branches. Stahl you dont need the a. T. M. Windows. Collymore absolutely not. Stahl scrolling down the options on the phone menu, you can send money, withdraw cash, pay a bill, or buy goods and services. And everyone uses a pin number for security. But this is not like paying with your smart phone in the u. S. , because our devices are linked to a bank account or credit card. Most kenyans who use mpesa dont have a bank account; the phone is it. Thats it . Collymore now you can spend that 3,000 shillings on anything daniel im daniel. Welcome in. Of journalism i like this. Can i pay you in mpesa . Daniel yeah. Yeah. If you have it on the phone, just click the button and it goes. Stahl daniel says kenyans use it for everything from taxis to taxes. Is it safer for you and for me to use mpesa . Daniel yeah, its very safe. Stahl so do you use mpesa to buy gas for the car . Daniel absolutely. Stahl do you pay all your bills with mpesa . Daniel most of my bills. In fact, i rarely go to the bank nowadays. Stahl at my destination, i tried using the phone money. So, daniel, ive never done this before. Youre my very first mpesa. Daniel mpesa customer. Stahl yeah. Daniel okay. Ill assist where necessary. Stahl i typed in his mobile phone number, and the amount. The fare was 700 shillings, or 7. Im going to give you a 1,000. Daniel oh, youre tipping with it. Thank you. God bless you, god bless you. Stahl i am, i am. Now, my pin number. Daniel your pin number, yeah, yeah. You have that . Stahl i have that. I have. Daniel dont tell me that. Stahl no, im not going to tell you. Daniel that is for your. Top secret. Stahl okay, so what do i do now . Daniel yeah. Now, accept. Stahl accept. Okay. Daniel yeah, it just come. Stahl it worked and now, im going to go spend some more money. Hello. Stahl hello. How are you . Stahl im great. I love these bags. How much is this one . Next, i buy a bag at anjis curio shop with mpesa. Do you use it a lot in the store . Yeah. Its like having bank in your pocket. Stahl this is really easy. Now, that. Thats the second time ive done it. Ive sent it. phone pings so wonderful stahl my shopping ended with animals. No, im not buying a giraffe. But you can use your phone to feed one. Am i giving you your dinner . While most transactions here are still in cash, mpesa is used by over 19 million kenyans, or 90 of the adults, from the well heeled to the shoe shiner. This technology was actually invented in england, but it is here in kenya where innovation using mpesa is taking off. We visited the ihub in nairobi, where local Technology Startups are inventing new ways to use mobile money. Collymore and that mobile money system now acts as a terrific platform which a lot of other innovations has. Has used as a springboard. And the new phrase around town is the Silicon Savannah. Stahl the Silicon Savannah . Collymore yeah, you have the silicon valley, and here its the Silicon Savannah. Stahl today with mpesa, kenyans can get their salaries sent directly to their cell phones, and they can open a savings account and earn interest on their cell phones. Youre going to push mpesa. We met mary tonkei, a maasai dairy farmer, who sells milk in mpesa, pays her farmhands in m pesa, and even got a loan to buy more cows in mpesa. And just a couple of buttons and then you buy a new cow . Mary yes. Stahl actually, mary was able to buy two new cows, and she got a much better rate than she wouldve at a bank. Since the loan transaction was by phone, there was hardly any overhead. So it sounds like youre rapidly increasing your business. Mary yes, im increasing my business. Stahl business is good . Mary yes, its good. laughs stahl we were surprised at how much mpesa has changed life for the poor. In a slum called kanaani, south of nairobi, we met a pig farmer, Stephen Wainaina waweru. Before mpesa, like most kenyans, he had no electricity. He used to rely on a kerosene lamp for light. Stephen Wainaina Waweru it gives smokes here. Stahl it emitted toxic fumes, could cause fires, and at 200 a year, kerosene wasnt cheap. But stephen recently upgraded. He got solar power, and his first light bulb. Pretty good. Its lighting your room. Waweru yes. It lights the room all over. Stahl a Company Called m kopa solar invented a way to provide inexpensive power to the slums using mpesa. So where is the panel . Is it up here . Waweru yeah, the panel is up there. Stahl can you show it to me . Waweru yeah, i can. See, up. Let me show you. Here it is stahl oh, my goodness, its little. The unit costs about 180 less than kerosene, but still out of stephens price range for a single purchase. But he paid only 35 up front and then 40 cents a day in mpesa for a year. And he never has to leave the farm all he does is click his phone, which activates a chip attached to the panel to turn it on. Stahl when youre finished paying it off. Waweru it shall be mine. No more cost. Stahl the solar panel has changed his life he can tend to his pigs at night, and his children can study indoors without breathing toxic kerosene fumes. Past efforts to introduce solar panels to the slums failed, in part, because they were stolen. This has been solved because the same chip that turns the panel on can also disable it. So if you dont pay up, they turn your lights off . They have the ability to turn. Waweru these guys, they are excellent, madame. Because once i dont pay, they dont have to come to me. The light just goes off stahl providing Drinking Water is another way mpesa is making a difference. Nearly a third of kenyans do not have access to clean water, often relying on a river or water trucked in by donkey. But the village of njoguini got a new pump for its well. Villagers pay for clean water by texting mpesa to this meter a villager can get a full months worth of water for around 6. For decades, Development Advocates implored banks to open branches in remote places, but it made little business sense. Nearly half of kenyans live on just 2 a day or less. Their Financial Transactions were just too small. Collymore people dont buy a packet of cigarettes. Theyll buy a cigarette. And so we need to be operating at that level. People dont buy a tube of toothpaste. If you go into the slums, you will see people buy a squeeze of toothpaste. And so you have to operate at that micro level. Stahl now, how can that be viable for you as a company . Its like they have no money. Collymore because we believe that if we have now 19 Million People transacting small amounts, making small amounts, it will add up. For each transaction, there is a small fee. Stahl how much money annually does safaricom make from mpesa in kenya . Collymore a quarter of a billion dollars. Stahl a quarter of a billion dollars . Collymore yeah. You dont have to be greedy to be successful. Stahl and you can be successful if you dont have to build thousands of branches and pay thousands of tellers. Actually, when mpesa started, kenyas commercial banks implored the government to impose regulations to impede its development, but the government decided to take a handsoff approach, which is pretty unusual. Collymore the most effective barrier for the success of mobile money around the world is the banking lobby. The banking lobby in most parts of the world is a very strong lobby. And banks have looked at whats happened in kenya, and have decided that they dont want to see that happening in their own countries. Stahl not in my backyard. Collymore exactly. The banking regulators have been persuaded that this is a threat to the Banking Industry. Stahl and it is, isnt it . Collymore well, you know, its. We live in a disruptive world. Uber came along and completely disrupted a number of things, not just the taxi industry. Airbnb has come along and has disrupted. And so we are in a disruptive world. And we just need to. Stahl this is another one like that. Collymore yes, it is. Stahl it is. Collymore it is. Stahl and so the Banking Industry isnt crazy. Collymore no. No. Stahl mpesa does have drawbacks. There are real concerns of criminal enterprises, scams, and money laundering. And while it has been introduced in other countries, like india, egypt, afghanistan and romania, it has stubbornly refused to catch on as it has in kenya. But the head of safaricom thinks its just a matter of time. Collymore because mobile phones are becoming so much more ubiquitous. Every adult in the world will have a mobile phone. And if you have that tool in your hands, imagine the things you can do. Stahl we found among the kenyans we met that mpesa is igniting a real sense of patriotism. Just ask my cab driver, daniel. Daniel it is one of the best things that has happened to our country. But that makes you feel proud and now, you feel you are kenyan stahl yeah, you think of kenya, you dont think of high tech. Daniel innovation, you know . Stahl yeah. 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