The fire brigade had made an earlier decision to evacuate the building rather than telling residents to stay put it's likely more lives would have been saved the report praises the extraordinary courage of firefighters on the night but identifies many failures but under fire brigade says it will comment only after a full report is published on Wednesday you're listening to the world news from the b.b.c. Thousands of firefighters are continuing to battle more than a dozen wildfires across California as the state braces for more strong winds later this week celebrities have been forced to flee multimillion dollar homes near Los Angeles as sparks blown by the wind have spread flames rapidly across hillsides north of San Francisco the Kincaid fire has been burning for nearly a week. Australia's consumer watchdog has filed a lawsuit against the tech company Google accusing it of misleading customers about its collection use of personal data the commission said that Google collected and used the personal information of Android phone and tablet users without giving them a proper choice the B.B.C.'s Phil Mercer reports from Sydney the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission says this is the 1st time a regulator anywhere in the world has taken on Google over the alleged misuse of personal data the a triple c. Claims the company's instructions on how to stop that sensitive invaluable information being collected was misleading Google says it will defend itself against the allegations in January a French regulator fine the tech giant $55000000.00 for breaches of privacy laws and international conferences due to begin shortly in Geneva aimed at developing policies to protect Alpine environments the host of World Meteorological Organization says glasses snow and permafrost in high mountain areas are increasingly vulnerable to global warming threatening water supplies and food security to supply the water in many rivers for crops and for drinking water but they are melting faster every year. The top United Nations refugee official during the Rwandan genocide and Yugoslav wars of secession Sadeq 0 or greater has died she was $92.00 the Japanese academic and diplomat she served as the UN's 1st female High Commissioner for Refugees b.b.c. News. Many thanks indeed for the latest hello welcome to News David Lawrence and James in the next few minutes we're going to tell you why there may well be an election just before Christmas here in the u.k. Not necessarily what everybody wants for Christmas but we will see it's all down to bricks it we will try to explain again you're going to be hearing from Joshua Huang in just a moment who is our top story of the moment as well. Will join us as well with well p k k So one of the Kurdish takes on the ceasefire the fragile cease fire between Turkey and the Syrian Kurds which is due to expire and young geniuses dying too early never a story we like Prince you may remember whether you like his music or not he was a remarkable man and you'll be hearing an interview with the man who was collaborating with him on a biography sort of an autobiography when the great musician died it's been published so how do you go about finishing someone's work all that coming up plus the sport and the business here on Tuesday. Become one of the most internationally known symbols of the pro-democracy movement in Cote Hong Kong has been banned from running for office in upcoming local elections the Hong Kong government said he was banned because of his views on self-determination for the semi autonomous city we can speak to Joshua Wong himself Now why do you think this decision has been taken self-determination is just a recognised writes in international law and in the United Nations charter and how pocket of me and hope to censor me out from the election which is for how they will . Act But their argument is that those statements are incompatible with the basic law or the sort of many Constitution for Hong Kong. That's that misleading narrative crucified by the Hong Kong gov't already cleared are on there for Africa on. South determination which just means that we'll fight for a greater degree of autonomy under Beijing in the fairies and at the till and their way is just hope to all. New generation not to enter the institution so to be clear you're in favor of a referendum you're in favor of a greater say in what happens in Hong Kong for the people of Hong Kong but you definitely do not want independence Yeah we deny ever get on her independence and how Beijing just recognize us as separatists is that hectic and just continue to mount a plate on Holocaust election you're not the only person who will have a similar position on the stand so so why you then why have you been singled out in this way do you feel Beijing recognize why involvement in international efficacy and Hawi loci will lead us to support Hong Kong I think best way for them to pay the price but even they just censor me out from the bailouts I will continue to engage and democracy movement to fight for free election why was standing in this election important for you it is a local election it is reason lections often dominated by pro Beijing politicians why take this is in the 1st place of this was an important arena free for your political combat. Run for office is already institutional that fought to express or of this content to the government went at this for a console is dominated by the poll Beijing cam it's just tricker more and more that the crowds hope to run for office and will place the city by pro China can now it's at home to show we was to fight for freedom and democracy. Is an effort to transform the energy of the protest in the streets into something as you say more institutional. A recognition that the protests themselves are not going to be enough to get the change that you want and that's the reason for people to run for office but when Beijing disqualified my candidacy it just proves that Beijing feels to be sent to a wise and justify why even after an extradition bail is withdrawal he still tech to the street and yet even if you had won this election your voice within the institution would have been relatively small isn't it possible that actually this is done you a favor this will promote your position to the world through interviews like this and so on and that in fact could be more beneficial to you than if you even won the election in the 1st place run for office elected as the counselor wife be a remarkable step to be out and strengthened in Friends of the young generation and the district and so instead dominated by those probe aging. Poll Beijing politician unfortunately how did Venice of office lie just trigger more international attention and left the world to know that how the election in Hong Kong is far away from fair and procedure Oh it justice. So what he going to do next we will continue our election campaign and we hope pro-Democratic can can get on to half of the sit in that this recount or so in the upcoming election or right Joe sure won't thank you very much indeed speaking to us live on the program following the news that he has been banned for running for office in those upcoming local elections. Tuesday 12 minutes past the hour we were doing our best to explain to you this time yesterday the fixed Parliament Act in the u.k. Because the government was trying to get a vote through Parliament to get an election on the 12th of December now Prime Minister Boris Johnson needed a 2 thirds majority under the fixed Parliament Act and he didn't get it but now he's going to try again now last time we were helped out by the think tank the Institute of Government getting our heads around this a blessedly nonpartisan think tank used to explaining this stuff so let's try again with Dr Alice Lily Ellis welcome to the program senior researcher at the i.o.c. What is this alternative I mean the fixed term Parliament Act sounds pretty fixed turns out there's a short cut most of us didn't know about it what is it. So with as to real short cuts the 1st is what we saw yesterday so that's where the government brings forward motion saying to M.P.'s We would like will you agree to it and as you already mentioned they did not get the support of 2 thirds of M.P.'s they need so today they're trying different route and that is instead to try and pass a bill a piece of legislation essentially saying notwithstanding what the extent Parliament's Act says we would like an election on the 12th of December this year now that benefit the government all that apart is that instead of needing to do that it's of M.P.'s to agree they only need a simple majority of M.P.'s or it should be an little bit easier for the government downside is because a piece of legislation like any. M.P.'s can try and table amendments to it and that might yet pretty little bit tricky for the government now the government has its votes most of them and usually the Labor Party is kind of new the main opposition not to clean what's crucial. Here is of the 2 smaller opposition parties the Scottish Nationalist Party and the Liberal Democrats are behind it is everyone at this point just basically making calculations based on the polls what they think they can get out of and eventually. I think certainly all parties will have an eye towards how an election might affect them and what kind of results we might expect to see I think the other thing for a lot of political parties is trying to make calculation about how would any early election affect blacks it so we know that the Scottish nationalists. They themselves have had to they've suggested this idea to the government they suggest that you could introduce a bill to call for an early election but what they wanted was to ensure that that election takes place at a point where the government basically will not be able to get its parts that deal parliament before any election the government has said that it will now not be bringing its deal back to the House of Commons before an election and so I think for the Lib Dems the s.n.p. That offers a chance for them to sort of campaign in an election on. Or against the government's deal and for all sorts of other thing so I think that goal is very important to arguing over the days and so on now everyone seems to agree that this will be a Brics it election if it happens I want to ask you as a political scientist is this a bit of a representative problem because in the referendum originally basically everyone's vote was equally weighted it was properly a poll of what people wanted but in a general election that's not the case we have a 1st past the post system people are always saying it's weighted against one party or another party and so on so if you're trying to fix a plebiscite with a representative vote you never going to manage it are you it's certainly incredibly tricky this is the point that those who advocate for 2nd referendum have been making that actually holding an election because it has a different sort of electoral system as you mentioned because it is theoretically on all the issues do it government and not just backs it might not actually solve the impasse that we see yet really I think what this all speaks to since the referendum back in 2016 where we're really seeing a bit of a clash of me between ideas of sort of direct democracy in the form of referendums but also representative democracy in the form of the House of Commons which is instances that's having to give effect there is referendum result and ultimately that's a tension I don't think has yet quite been reconciled and we're going to be diving into that aren't we with all the rhetoric of a people versus parliament vote which is what's being threatened Alice many thanks indeed Dr Alice Lilly of the think tank the Institute for government who hopefully will be joining us along with robots and tomorrow to explain once again what has and hasn't and might happen to more or less a nice day for the b.b.c. World Service will launch Pollard and James Copnall our top stories on the World Service right now a prominent pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong Joshua won't has been barred from running in local elections he told this program though that he's determined to keep continue. As electoral campaign to bring change to institutions in Hong Kong the official report into the deadly Grenfell tower fire in London 2 years ago has accused the London fire brigade of systemic failures and Google is facing court action in Australia over allegations that it misled consumers about its collection of personal data what's headed south again you have Good morning James front remarries in trouble in Italy the ferritin a forward has been banned for 3 games and fined after pushing an official in the aftermath of a controversial $21.00 loss to last year on Sunday the upstart who has quit as the coach of Rotterdam chimes Feyenoord after 7 months in charge he left after a 4 nil thrashing by their duck travels I accept the weekend concern from veteran coach Claude Awad that the new fee for a Club World Cup set for June July and 2021 could be the end of the Africa Cup of Nations in its current form remember the Nations Cup has only just moved to those months from January February precisely because the Confederation of African Football wanted to avoid club v country clashes Flacco under Noffke is the perfect match as a coach for the u.s. National women's team according to the president of u.s. Soccer the coach has been appointed to replace Jill Ellis who led them to 2 World Cup crowns in a row. Matthew thank you very much indeed now I think we need to talk a little bit about fashion looking around the studio Lauren. Or with the right people like you then to learn a niche for the business remarries here yes so we talk a lot about fast fashion so the garments you buy cheaply and wear maybe a handful of times so the environmental impact of making and disposing of textiles is something that us in the media and bias and industry have been increasingly looking at but now with tanned our attention to hang is so they've been likened to the plastic straw the fashion industry it's the cheap plastic coat hangers that clog up many tribes around $100000000.00 hang as a thrown away every year in the u.k. In and they're hard to recycle as they contain up to 7 different plastics and many end up in landfills and it's a particular problem for luxury fashion industry because they want to use different hangers to the one they you know they would have used to transport played so they want a nice ones they're going to display in their shops so that's an issue and one fashion designer call and movie who is known to many of you as favorites of Meghan Markle has come up with a fully recyclable hangout made of marine plastic from China and he's told the b.b.c. That he hopes the industry fashion industry would adopt it I wanted to find in the fashion industry war could be the. Equivalent of the straw in the restaurant without touching the creative side or every design and obliging them to change on their creativity every time we produce a government in the factory has to be hanged we use single use plastic tank stuff before we strictly work and or police are in and police ring is not recyclable it was directed to one field doesn't accept or is fully sustainable I think it's stronger than normal anger but the moment you break it is. Competent recyclable who could have something that becomes so circular that nothing go back to the sea one of the trends of the ninety's was the must have and the must have was treated as an addiction fast fashion create the same trend every time if you don't buy it you're going to be unhappy and do and if you buy it you can throw it away before he will carry on. It's all about is falling apart now and that's why we have to make a change so fashion design a whole Ivana thank you very much the business of our shimmering dream in animal camouflage print this morning 21 minutes past the hour this is news that we've got princes biographer what about a collaborator sort of post-mortem collaborator on the way we're going to talk briefly about events in northern Syria because later today the fragile cease fire between Turkey and the Syrian Kurds is due to expire the 2nd ceasefire Now this of course coming off the back of the loss of hundreds of lives in the attack in northern Syria over the Turkish border Ankara has halted the operations while Kurdish forces withdrew from areas close to the Turkish border some which Turkey is now occupying the Turkish justification for the offensive was that the Syrian Kurdish forces who are u.s. Allies against the Islamic state group are Danish are really just an extension of the p.k. K. The political and militant organization that has for decades fought Turkey for a Kurdish homeland which is listed as a terrorist organization by Turkey the e.u. And the u s illimitable went to make an official of the p.k. K. Is a gross here to get the group's reaction to the events of recent weeks. You. See members of the p.k. Team had to be driven rallies in a cross sent friends into the mountains from Iraq along the roads where Turkey's targeted the Kurdish groups leaders with drone strikes would take into an empty house to wait until we were joined by Tsar Gross he was a local from the b.b.c. And wanted to ask him about the recent Turkish offensive against Syrian Kurds but we started by talking about the actions of the militant organization he belongs to if he has not done any harm to any power neither in Europe you care in the next against Turkish military the Turkish state. But the attacks that have killed civilians and. We have been defending or people we have been defending the rights of the Kurds against the policies of the Nile of the Turkish state and that is a war of self-defense but if you do carry out attacks in which civilians are killed and which military are killed within the Turkish state you can understand why you are designated a terrorist organization the question is whether your methods have helped the Kurdish cause or harm the Kurdish cause and even over the last couple of weeks for Kurds outside Turkey and Syria that war in Syria is the war of existence for the Kurds the Kurds should struggle for their own right they should take a let's see what the rights have been taken from them if you ridiculous and that is that association with here their association with the p.k. K. That has cost them their rights that territory in the last couple of weeks their lives as well they are not associated with us Turkey wants to associate the Kadish you seem clear with us in order to. In order to give legitimacy to its attack against the place but if you if you go to training camps of the y. Preaching you hear Turkish voices the Turkish Kurds who fight alongside the white preaching we know there are close links between the p.k. K. And y. P.g. Although support which have which we have been giving to dizzying good has been to defend themselves against the types of dosh they were granted you have given support we have been giving support to any complaint against dush we have not used the Syria in order to wage attacks against the terroristic to take the state has invaded their lands it existed has this image incursion into the lands they have killed hundreds of civilians so it is not a war against the. Taking has invaded the area and there but even after this even after the cease fire even after this agreement the war in your eyes goes on do you think the Syrian Kurds should still attack. The we should be able to defend their land against the aggression against the attacks of the Turkish state until the think the state is ousted out of Syria this is what you have already voted against a new version of the fighting that So talk about the loss of more Kurdish lives potentially under one hasn't has not hidden his name in order to continue this war even after let's say the saves on the Save the security mechanism should we call on all people to become refugees and go or recall our people to stay in their villages to defend themselves against let's say the aggressors against the invaders the gross here are talking to the B.B.C.'s Aleem Maqbool this is news day we're going to talk about the musician Prince now who's a bit of a challenge for journalists notoriously He rarely gave interviews many did they were often off the record so there was plenty of interest when he announced plans for an autobiography and 2016 sadly died 4 months later however he had completed the 1st draft of the book on his childhood and he was writing it with the writer down pipe and bring. He has now carried on with the project combining what was written with photos and other stuff from the archives creating a book a sort of a biography the beautiful ones our entertainment correspondent Colum Patterson reports Why do you think he chose you to work on it you were 29 you're white you'd never written a book yeah and I wasn't from Minneapolis there is still to this day so much mystery surrounding that because in true prince fashion it's not as if he ever took me inside and said Well Dan here's why it was you part of me thinks that his more mischievous side was just very amused by the idea of working with someone who was so unexpected an unknown. Within a month he was summoned to fly to Melbourne to join Prince on. His bodyguard led me into his hotel suites where there was a legal pad sitting on a desk full of his handwriting 30 some pages of it in pencil these were the 1st pages of the memoir They told the story of his childhood and there's also a way in these pages that you learn just what it felt like to be in Prince's head he from a very young age had this peculiarity to him this individuality. And whole writing if I just thought so radio Prince took a pot shot as none likely for Tish targets he says they keep trying to ram Katy Perry and Ed Sheeran down our throats and we don't like it no matter how many times they play it was to go with that cheer and to be honest I was so much in agreement with him on that subject that there didn't seem to be any more to say about it at the time more than a grudge with a few artists in particular what he was bemoaning was a culture that simply doesn't allow artists to color outside the lines Donal So received an insight into Prince's taste in films he had a wonderful tradition in place where he would rent out the theater in Chanhassen of a suburb of Minneapolis where Paisley Park was that night was cunt food panda 3 miniature and you would come from the Masters. Nobody said this was going to be easy I remember hearing him laugh a few times and he was so kind of childlike in that moment he really enjoyed these kind of fairy tales thanks after Prince's death it was presumed the book was over however has a state invited down into Paisley Park to look through Prince's archive of photos and family member of the decision was made to publish what Prince had started and as for how the book would have turned out if he'd lived what Prince had a bishop's ideas about what it could achieve even solving racism yes I mean it really stopped me in my tracks to sit in a room with him and. Guys with him something that feels impossible in any other context suddenly feels natural or I mean it makes you kind of bristle with excitement but there's definitely a sadness and a sense of wonder in everything that he didn't get to say. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the u.s. Has made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of public radio content a.p.m. American Public Media with support from Dana Farber Cancer Institute discovering the. Pathway gave the world a revolutionary new way of treating cancer another breakthrough from Dana Farber Dana Farber org everywhere. Do you think. Donors make possible. All of the shows you here I love you all the stories that we make in the news room whether it's the prison reporting project or a podcast like the stoop which I also host that tells stories from across the black diaspora and that's the. That's morning here. In. San Francisco. And you want to pledge drives listening to that and we try it out so don't wait. Right now. Or make your contribution and your dollar goes really far here so. Hard in this family part of this community you can do it. Now of a.b.c. News with Stewart mackintosh a key figure in Hong Kong's pro-democracy protests Joshua Wong has been disqualified from running in forthcoming district council elections the Hong Kong government said it had banned a candidate for advocating self-determination for the territory the former student leader has argued that this doesn't mean breaking away from mainland China the British prime minister Boris Johnson will make a 4th attempt to date force that snap general election which he insists is needed to break the deadlock of a back seat the opposition parties haven't yet said how they'll vote the official report into the grand full tower fire in London 2 years ago in which 72 people died as strongly criticised what it calls systemic failures by the London fire brigade he said fewer people might have not might have died if firefighters had decided to evacuate the building earlier Google is facing court action in Australia over allegations that it misled consumers about its collection of personal data according to Australian regulators Google didn't tell Android users that 2 settings not one had to be turned off to prevent collection of the data protesters in Chile have clashed with security forces despite measures announced by President Pinera to meet their demands in the capital Santiago a small number of demonstrators looted a shopping center and started fires outside the metro system an international conference begins shortly in Geneva aimed at developing policies to protect our pine environments the World Meteorological Organization says glasses snow and permafrost in high mountain areas are increasingly vulnerable to global warming threatening water supplies and food security the top United Nations refugee official during the Rwandan genocide and Yugoslav wars of secession Sadeq 0 or greater has died she was $92.00 the Japanese academic and diplomat she was the 1st female High Commissioner for Refugees b.b.c. News. Accused you of the latest hello welcome to new surveillance James in this half hour we talk press freedom in Burundi Also the dark energy in outer space trying to find it a Kenyan doctor who's fighting blindness and we have a rare interview with the head of the social media giant Instagram unfiltered chat we hope as he admits that there is work to do to make the platform safer for all those who use it all that plus Matthew Kenyon with the sport. Media organizations are calling for the release of foreign journalists who've been charged with an offense involving undermining national security they along with their driver were arrested last week while covering clashes in the province of the bands are they all work for one of the last independent media sources still working in Burundi President Putin Horn's is or has been accused of cracking down on the media ahead of elections next year Cho out ago I spoke to Pierre Emmanuel documented the editor of the English language section of the watcher I started by asking him about the exact circumstances in which the genocide been arrested they have just gone to report on a net that would have occurred or opposed the initial army and the police with a real force believed to be members of the great. Rebel movement which would have been created in 2060 in. The outbreak of the 2015 political crisis in Burundi they would have been aware as they set off that this was a very sensitive issue in Burundi if they knew that but again as we believe that if we don't cover such stories so that people were in the end then friends of the roundy and don't know if we don't give them the information we know that's no but it says going to do that so that's why they said it to good air get on the ground collect the information and not all exactly what happened who attacked and why did they attack and. How many people would have lost a Lives things of the kind and shortly after they arrived immediately they were called by the police and up until now death to n.j. They've been charged as well as I Right yeah sure they were charged with a complete city in undermining they initial security state and it's not a pretty serious charge on the Burns you know yeah it's a really a very very very serious times but which many people say is politically motivated because that journalists were only doing their job much like any other person collecting the information inquiring investigating to know the truth to tell those who follow you those who reads you those who listen to you the create news it has nothing to do with complicity those who undermine the security state what sort of condition of the journalists for the moment I'm talking to you the conditions are a little beat severe because 1st of all they were taken to Morsi gutsy you know communal dungeon were the conditions were very very bad noir lived tricity know what her and to many people within a sale but it's now it beats fine as they were more to go by the central christened but again the situation is not good given the conditions in which Burundi and prisoners are in and all what it's more warring is that one of the jolliest and it's needle was a political journalists a her health is there really you know very very bad conditions she was already Mme and we fear that the worse myth might come any time even the conditions in which they are how confident are you that if and when this case comes to trial they will get a fair hearing given they have the justice in Burundi it's it's hard to really it's hard to believe that they were get their faith healing but we still hold that alongside our lawyers and the charges against them which everybody believes on. Force so we believe that given a moment they can be relieved because it's all politically motivated because all they were doing was only their job but we fear we are afraid that justice is going to be to do independent police jobs so that's the problem we have for the moment here Emanuel getting documented the editor arranged marriage section of it what you . Used a 23 minutes to the album Welcome Lawrence and James Now according to the World Health Organization more than a 1000000000 people worldwide are living with vision impairment because they don't have access to the care they need a doctor here wrote from Kenya is among those who've been trying to end of voidable forms of blindness with the help of the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee trust 22000000 people in Africa and the Pacific received vital antibiotics from the trust to combat truck home of the world's leading infectious cause of blindness later today Dr Ono will be attending a reception hosted by the Queen to celebrate efforts to ensure that no one in the future becomes blind from causes that can be prevented he came into our studios to speak to him he says Alex outta there are quite a number of conditions that we deal with daily some with a blending but most blend in conditions that are acts we also have glaucoma you know and they infections and also some as in from their beauties but as there because hope I think and then there are also the diseases river blindness. If a plane is used to be there but that is not it is it will it has been eliminated and so we're hoping all these other can he is going I can if one of them put right you know part of Kenya called Catullus not too far from the border with you cumber I wonder are there people is there new flow of patients patients coming from other parts of the region. We treat quite a number of patients but from Kenya and from across the border and you are quite surprised that is there quite a few doctors in Kenya and Kenya could even be better off the other was a tough place to live here where it's not it's not really a very bad picture Well it's a bad picture but you could be worse and a lot of this blindness that I'm sure you do that on a regular basis can be prevented is that right absolutely a very correct most of the cause is preventable and they actually avoidable and if you go through the stickily of 0 to 4 out of 5 of the cause of blindness avoidable and whether because to going blind from conditions that can prevent it. Part of the reasons that the lack of awareness from the communities there is only very few of the population there the thing is services far away from where people are and therefore these need focus that effort to basically bring create awareness build teams and to train more I walk us distance of the government in Kenya is doing enough it's not only governments that actually need to do it's a concerted effort of both of us and them government working together and when you work together we basically achieve a lot and even can say for the last 5 years we've actually achieved quite a lot because previously we're having only about 60 doctors but almost in the last few years we haven't really doubled the number and all of Africa as well and even some developing countries such kind of processes is happening and we need this kind of partnerships you cannot deal with it when you say partners that's just another way of saying you need money money is part of what what we say it's money partners and basically they are people who have expertise who can volunteer their time right here you need a muckle in London because I came for training ph d. May not be available in a place so I certainly expect these are not available at all so with such training I get here and I go back home I train more people that kind of partnership so I am here practice of partnership. In your life to you not a very old man or do you sense that a lot of those conditions will actually be eliminated just like river blindness for example isn't related which one do you think is the one that needs to be focused on completely I see in my lifetime that some of these cases are eliminated when I became an eye doctor about 10 years ago when I went out to treat people I would actually see people who were really blind crying and saying they want to get set back but as a doctor you just wish they had come yesterday they came in late. Comma which in my region was about 60 percent I mean it was an accounting for 60 percent of the problems in Kenya we've managed to do interventions we have managed to reduce that until we are actually except for small pockets when with declaring elimination so to accommodate that it is not going to be eliminated so the optimistic absolutely of the mystic. Harry rather than talking to new slaves and procedure. Right this is news take a quick look at the top stories just the one who's talking to us on this program the prominent pro-democracy activist has been barred from running in local elections he explained to James why he thinks that happened at the British prime minister's preparing for a new attempt to persuade parliament to grant a snap election of a breaks it just before Christmas and Google is facing court action in Australia the allegations have misled consumers about the collection of personal data that Kenyan is here for the sport yet morning Lars who took quite a bit in the last few weeks about fee for his plans to revamp and change the Club World Cup expanding it putting it from an annual event to one that happens every 4 years and playing it in China in 2021 in June and July and that of course is rather close to the shuttle for the next Africa Cup of Nations and that has certainly raised some eyebrows around the world of football in recent weeks since Fifa confirmed their plans and those concerns have been expressed by veteran coach Claude lewat who says it could be the end of the Nations Cup in its current form remember Africa's tournament is only just moved to June July from January February precisely because the Confederation of African Football wanted to avoid club against country clashes but the move of the Club World Cup to a bigger 3 week event threatens its new timing there was concern that even if the 2 tournaments are kept apart many of the players who are involved in the Nations Cup would then Miss pre-season training at their clubs and can you imagine a situation as undoubtedly happened where players have to play both tournaments so they finish say a high profile European season players like such a money Mohamed Salah Riyadh Mara's then they go to the Club World Cup then they go to the Africa Cup of Nations then they've got to go back to their European team that is going to be really tough No one doesn't like it fee for though says have balanced solution can be found read more about what he has to say at b.b.c. Dot com stroke African football and phone. Africa will have the latest as well well the next Africa Cup of Nations the one that will clash with China is of course as I say to take place in Cameroon and their young stars have started their campaign at the under 17 men's World Cup in Brazil they started it with the last going down one nil 2 to g.q. Start on Monday hugely important event for the development of football in the countries taking part but also for the players themselves to chance for them to make an impact on the global stage at a really young age and that means pressure Manfred Eko is the goalkeeper for the Cameron under 17 team before yesterday's match he told reporters cement our country that this tournament means a huge amount. Yes of course because. I want to see a change of life and I want something that will have me because he was my prayer. At least 2 hours in the glow of will worsen the team I pray that I can all get to where both had had a disposition so I did I believe I cast a ticket for I am accustomed to push it at the 2nd stage is it a dream of your stupidly next Africa Cup of Nations at the Hope you had as my dream because Me myself I'm just like I don't want to play on or to I want to just almost there by Swayze New Orleans. Police wants to back down in my games and what do you hope to our kids at this World Cup on a personal level. Could close. First as a festival my mind very good club and secondly already tournaments of play on the days and that but I've never done it any trophy so I have that in mind out on the East and I'm not a toughie Manford Cameron was summoned to country looking for a change of life by putting in a good performance under 17 World Cup They have a couple of days to. Wait until the next game against Argentina Nigeria and Angola are among those playing later today we'll keep you posted on how they get on here on News Day tomorrow morning couple of other football lines for you after that 4 nil thrashing by x. The coach of Rotterdam chimes fine or to the upstart who has resigned after just 7 months in charge front rebury is in trouble in Italy has been banned for 3 games and fined after he pushed an official in the aftermath of a controversial 21 loss to lap c.e.o. On Sunday in fact and an Oscar has been confirmed as the new coach of the u.s. National women's team replacing Jill Ellis who led them to 2 World Cup crowns in a row now the battle to end the year as the world number one in men's tennis could be over at the end of this week no matter what happens at this week's a.t.p. Masters event in Paris Rafael Nadal will overtake Novak Djokovic at the top of the rankings but victory for an adult in the final in the French capital would mean that he would also end the year as number one no chance for Djokovic to overhaul him again if he fails to win in Paris the end of year ranking will be decided at the a.t.p. Finals in London next month where Djokovic is looking to draw level with Roger Federer with a 6 title it doesn't depend only on my results I mean in normal to have a chance to win every match of the rest of the season he you know it also depends how he does you know again I don't I don't try to think about it too much because then you know all these calculations and paying attention to how he does are the players it just takes off the focus from or the main thing is which is trying to take the most out of my performance and actually do the job and win a tennis match and the women's game women champion Simona Halep saved Match Point on her way to victory over Bianca Andrusco at the w t a finals in Shands and Elena it's fair to Lena but Carolina Prisca sport today is on your radio an hour later than it was last week 1930 g.m.t. . Thank you Matthew Kenyon with the sport now is a pretty big statement authoritarianism has been the dominant form of governance in sub-Saharan Africa since independence that's the contention of Nick Cheesman He's professor of democracy at the University of Birmingham and the author of a new book authoritarian Africa repression resistance and the power of ideas plenty to talk about there so 1st of all what is author of terrorism in this context it's a great question we mean a government that basically maintains control to the use of force primarily but one of the things that's really happened in Africa in the last 70 years is the nature of authoritarian governments changed you know 2030 years ago the average sort of authoritarian government would have been a one party state it would have been a military regime today the average authoritarian regime holds elections but in the context of college a repression and we can get on to some of those issues of democracy or not a little later on but if the dominant picture then is one of authoritarian rule surely that goes back well quite a long time in that the colonial period was nothing if not authoritarian Absolutely and one of the things that we argue in the book is that the colonial period read the predisposed Africa in many ways to a kind of very fragile all Italian government you know on the one hand a lot of the checks and balances that were in African societies before colonialism were roaded under the cloak of your government at the same time the clonal government constructed a state that was very extractive wasn't very good at providing public services it was actually very minimal so what you see in the sixty's and seventy's and African leaders take power in a context where many of the kind of checks and balances in society have been eroded but also where they don't necessarily always have the power to control completely inequitable toa Tarion manner so we get very vulnerable of poetry in systems in many countries systems on the one hand of aspiring. It kind of dominates in control but at the same time don't have the ability to and so one of the things we point out in the book is that authoritarianism in Africa has often been a process of leaders trying to buttress a kind of use of force or coercion we have other mechanisms to actually maintain control like patronage like co-opting people like using ideas like national unity as a way of legitimating the governments there was often quite a big difference in the colonial experience between say Francophone and the foreign countries direct rule in direct rule and so on does that map come then to the post independence experience I mean absolutely and of course Portuguese and Belgian very big variations there are also very big variations because of course each African nationalist movement was different African leaders had different ideas and we do have a couple of countries who bucked the trend showed Botswana richest maintain multi-party systems all the way through from Independence all the words but what we do sort of i.q. Is that despite those variations some of the negative impacts of colonial rule in terms of predisposing countries to authoritarian systems is pretty much consistent across those different clone you regimes in other words despite those variations there is a reasonably consistent effect of predisposing countries to a more thorough Tarion form of government I think one of the things that was really interesting is that many countries have broken free of that kind of very difficult and poisonous legacy obviously over the last 20 to 30 years so we now have a number of highly performing democracies you know countries like Carla Binney saying the goal South Africa that have managed to establish Well it's a really thriving democracies despite very difficult legacies and I think that's one of the really interesting things about Africa today the capacity of countries to break out of that quite problematic starting point another thing that some people may find problematic the idea that democracy or at least a British western form of democracy is the only or the best approach for African countries to have Rwanda and say Ok maybe we don't have as much political freedom as some others but look at the development look at the economic gains we make. Absolutely and again one of the things that's interesting about quite a contemporary auto It's very distant is it try to justify it's open a very different way so you'll see continue your story Terry needers holding elections and delivering development and claiming to be legitimate and actually you know West if they had feel very lections they would win free and fair elections of course they don't want to put that to the test but that's part of the pitch and so they look much more legitimate much more kind of cuddly in a way than old school authoritarian rules would do but I think one of the things that we have to keep in mind is that whilst some of it's very regimes before particularly well when it comes to development and you mention Rwanda most people would throw Ethiopia in there as well as another one on average if you look at all of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa it's the democracies that are left which grow more and the democracies on average people's they've been shown to spend more on things like education Nick Cheesman Professor democracy at the University of Birmingham the author of or for a Tarion Africa repression resistance and the power of ideas. I'm going to talk about a very big idea now if we just take you through the the idea of the big bang as I understand it universe expands flying apart but the expectation was that gravity would slowly pull it back and so that expansion would slow down but apparently that isn't happening something is counteracting the pull of gravity and we don't know what it is so it's being suggested that it is this stuff called dark energy it makes up most of the universe but we don't know what it is we only actually know what makes up about 5 percent of the universe and our next guest is examining dark energy because he has a dark energy spectroscopic instrument and I'm delighted to say that Professor awful lot of joins us now and listen 1st off could you just explain why. What the Dessie this spectroscopic instrument of it's a sort of it's a super multi telescope or something what is it going to do. Hello yes there's the dark energy spectroscopic instrument which had its 1st light just since 1st light as we call it. Will be able to point the most densely at $5000.00 galaxies and measured their spectra as we call it and therefore roughly their distance to create . A map of the sky in 3 dimensions so by look at many many pictures of the sky each time it's $5000.00 galaxies it will eventually create the met with $35000000.00 galaxies good grief and you're doing this by catching the light that is coming and presumably has taken billions of years to actually reach us here yet this telescope which is in Arizona. And has got this new instrument on it. Would actually be able to see the universe all the way to you know something like 11000000 years ago they'd universes 13700000000 years old so we can see it thinks quite way back. Almost would have to get not quite that he does but if that is quite an extraordinary idea so you're looking back in time and presumably what you're doing is you're measuring how long the light takes to get from these $5000.00 distant galaxies and so on and what does that tell you the way that it's traveled from then to now from there to us what are you looking at what we make use of off off of this effect called read Shakespeare that does universe expense. The lines in the Specter us back spectrum is the Clinton rainbow. And the Lion City and they get red shifted as universe expands and this thread you from suggests the distance so the simplest way to think about it that we can we get at the end of the day. Or then of the night. We get essentially the distances to the galaxies and eventually we'll have them up the map in 3 dimensions which this meant in 3 dimensions can help us. To tell. It To tell us more about the expansion of the universe and whether or not it's accelerating or slowing down. We think we think success writing but we need to measure it more carefully and we were trying to understand what's the cause of the clear action which we think is this. Dark energy is basically it's dark energy the opposite of gravity is not what you're assuming or your thinking because gravity should be slowing the expansion of the universe down it's not so you're assuming that something is counteracting gravity yet in intuitive terms you can think of it that way that the usual gravity we are familiar with that one of our distant squared law that Newton from like that brings things together then Einstein and. Just over a 100 years ago hypothesized Ed being an easy question term which is everybody agree let the lump and he put it there he wanted something different you want to the static universe which is not the universe we live in but does that if you have this. Because Fox got concert this week already that they're on. Venues like different you're going to actually get universe took center right so that's what we think is going on and well now the other thing that's interesting is you're making a map and a large proportion of the map is going to be made up of something that you don't know that you are assuming I mean this is interesting us 3 dimensional map of the universe as we now know it will will only show 5 percent of what's there if I was looking at you know I don't know a map of the USA a road map of the USA and only 5 percent was there it wouldn't help me much would it so how is this map going to help you. Likely speaking we look at the in the visible universe. Or we've met the galaxies we see that's the only thing we can measure directly but it's hotter in the galaxy distribution there's an article about. This but then we can use it as a standard rule or use as if nature is kind enough to place a order. Or to quote our well known size and by talking parens then what are yours just wouldn't weaken the geometry of spacetime I know what I tell you that fascinates me I remember interviewing an artist who said oh yeah no no I only draw 5 percent of what you see right and that's kind of what you're doing that you're making the invisible visible by only looking at the visible bits that you've got you explained it rather better than I did I want to thank you for coming on and talking to us about dark matter some of the treats of working on this program Professor offer a lot of explaining rather brilliantly I think actually how his dark energy spectroscopic instrument works but then if you had one you'd be able to explain it as well wouldn't you all part of the project to try to draw a map of the universe has never seen before he's looking back into time what I want to know is do those galaxies see I don't know the Battle of Waterloo or something if they look at us. Tune in for a lot of free talk to program the questions everything except your intelligence coming up the limits of medical consent what kind of done through ignore a patients wishes and treat them without consent never lost a patient is not competent to make or under surgeons what makes a patient incompetent and who gets to design the limits of medical consent on philosophy to visit the tails of United 1.7. This is San Francisco local global creative and listener supported thank you for staying and making it all possible 2 2 2. Oh and welcome to News Day on the b.b.c. World Service with Lawrence James. Comey out we hear from the pro-democracy leader 8 Hong Kong Joshua won't just be told he can't stand in the forthcoming local elections he tells this program his intention isn't to break away.