At 10 hours g.m.t. Welcome to the news room from the b.b.c. World Service I'm Alex Ritson a large car bomb explodes in Somalia's capital Mogadishu children Herb porter to be among the casualties Britain's prime minister to resign may dismisses calls for a 2nd referendum on leaving the European Union delighting so-called Breck said here's a very smart public the British public and they made their decision that's why we don't need a referendum now the u.s. Defense Department says it's canceling $300000000.00 worth of funding for Pakistan's military hundreds of parents protest in China's Hunan Province demanding places at state schools for their children and that you choose concert in Berlin. And. The world famous band walk off stage after just 4 songs you're listening to the b.b.c. World Service. Hello I'm Eileen McKee with the b.b.c. News there's been a large explosion in the Somali capital Mogadishu officials say a car bomb targeted the local administration offices of Hull were district where 3 soldiers were killed with more here's Will Ross this was an extremely powerful blast a car containing explosives was rammed into a local government building where officials of how the drug district were working the soldiers who died had been guarding the building across the road the entire roof of a mosque was blown off the nearby homes were reduced to rubble several children as a Qur'anic school were caught up in the blast and have been rushed to hospital the Islamist militant group al-Shabaab said it carried out the attack frequently detonates car bombs and often targets local officials in its effort to overthrow the internationally backed Somali government the u.s. Defense Department says it has decided to council $300000000.00 in aid to Pakistan because it has failed to act against militant groups some comes on top of another 500000000 that had already been withdrawn from the country the Pakistani journalist ahead Hussain disagrees with the u.s. Move this game game is going on. And as the situation in Afghanistan getting worse and u.s. That it is getting more and more jittery about it so it may be a true that some of that on leaders may have been operating from Baghdad but it does not mean that all the blame can be put on but. The British prime minister to reason he has rejected calls for a 2nd referendum on Britain's withdrawal from the European Union saying it would be a gross betrayal of democracy and trust the campaign group is calling for a public vote on the final breaks it deal Mrs May is also facing criticism from within her own conservative party as James Mason reports one deep pocketed member of the choice faithful the donor and Business Minister Simon Robertson tells the observer the exact. Opposit insisting it is balderdash to say you can't have another right and the prime minister is not short of berserk 1st critics back here in parliament either until now the most ardent skeptics have been longstanding practice years but now the conservative backbench and Nick balls who voted remain joins them in wanting her plan re written he suggests the u.k. Should remain in the European Economic Area while negotiating a free trade agreement with the James Mason reporting the Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abbes says that any future summit he holds with the leader of North Korea will have to tackle the issue of Japanese nationals kidnapped by Pyongyang decades ago to help train spies speaking to a Japanese newspaper Mr RB accepted that he would have to meet Kim Jong un eventually to break what he called the mutual distrust between Japan and North Korea Well news from the b.b.c. At least 2 pro-government fighters are reported to have been killed in explosions at an air base near the Syrian capital Damascus the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the blasts may have been the result of an Israeli missile strike but Syrian state media said the explosions at the Met say Air Base were caused by an electrical fault in an ammunition dump the Russian backed separatist leader Alexander's a half chain Ko is being buried in Donetsk footage from the enclave that declared itself independent from Ukraine and shown hundreds of people filing past his coffin used as a harsh in code died in an explosion last month the separatists and Russia have blamed Ukraine for the death. Chinese police have detained nearly 50 people following a protest by parents angry about changes to the school system in the city of yang in central Hunan Province they deal footage apparently shows clashes between officers and parents Michael Bristow reports parents say the local authorities are trying to reduce class sizes by forcing some children to go to private schools which charge far higher fees in those whom by the state or the parents complain that unsafe levels of formaldehyde have been detected the newly renovated school dormitories around $600.00 protesters gathered outside a police station demanding the release of demonstrators us did at an earlier rally state media say they threw bottles bricks in gas canisters at offices and local leaders who've gone to talk to them Michael Bristow Japan is bracing itself for one of the most powerful storms in the world this year typhoon j.b. It's still over the Pacific Ocean and not expected to hit land until choose day but it's currently registering winds of up to 250 kilometers an hour the typhoon is due to hit an area of Japan that earlier this year suffered the country's worst flooding in decades leading to more than $200.00 deaths and that's the latest from b.b.c. News. You're listening to the news room from the b.b.c. World Service with me Alex Ritson Let's get more on our top story the reports from Somalia about an explosion in the capital Mogadishu which has killed at least 3 people Africa editor at Will Ross joins us well what's the latest what we know here we know that this car bomb targeted this local government offices this is the Hollywood dad district of Mogadishu and there are some reports that security guards managed to stop the vehicle from actually entering the building or ramming into the building Others say that the car did hit the walls of the building and destroyed much of it the 3 soldiers who were told died were guarding the building itself but it clearly was a very powerful blast because the other side of the road. We can see that the mosque was very badly damaged the entire roof of that mosque blown off corrugated iron sheets and wood all down on the ground inside the mosque and other buildings I can see photos of you know they're just completely reduced to rubble so we don't know how many people died at the moment because they are still searching in the rubble but the authorities at the moment are saying 3 people killed and at least 14 injured and some of those children some of them children there's a Qur'anic school next to the mosque. From what I can gather the current school had just ended and the children are just being sent home but a few were left behind in the building and they were caught up in the blast we haven't got any confirmation any of them were killed but certainly several of them were injured and were rushed to hospital why now well pretty much every week there are attacks by the Islamist militant group al-Shabaab it often targets anybody that seen as being connected with the gun. Whether the central government or local administrations and they've obviously carried out very many deadly blasts at the same time we've got some claims by the African Union peacekeepers in the government that things are getting better but the longer these attacks go on they hit what we call soft targets pretty much every week it's not looking as though the government can stand on its own 2 feet without international backing Africa editor Will Ross So tourism a has stressed that she won't give in to cause for another referendum on Bracks it is writing in a Sunday newspaper The British prime minister says that the millions who voted in 2016 trusted that their votes would count and asking the question again would be a gross betrayal of our democracy there is a growing campaign in the u.k. Though for a 2nd referendum backed by politicians from all sides equally there are conservative opposition M.P.'s who are against what's become known as the people's vote speaking within the past hour the Tory former Bracks it Secretary David Davis told the b.b.c. This the point about referenda is that they are once in a generation things you don't do them all the time now we had an argument lasting a year or more over whether we should leave or stay and the British public came to the judgment and it's a very smart public the British public they can see through people's stories that don't stand up and so on and they made their decision if we tried to have another effort immediately after what would the European Union do they're already trying to make this a tough negotiation they would give us the worst outcome possible in order to encourage a referendum vote to stay and that's why we don't need a referendum now for her part Mrs May has consistently made clear her opposition to such a vote why then the need to restate her position now let's ask the B.B.C.'s Rob Watson who joins me on the line Rob Why this need to restate her opposition to another referendum I think Alex because she feels she's losing support. Lots of people who voted leave and hard line breaks a tears like David Davis you just heard within our own party and it's all part of the constant balancing act she has to do between the pro and anti e.u. Wings in our party and of course out there in the country and I think the very fact that she felt she needed to restate her opposition to a 2nd voters a reflection of her weakness Alex and not her strength but there are increasing attacks on her plans to yes and worth reminding ourselves of the plan it's basically to have a free trade area between the u.k. And the e.u. In goods like cars and agricultural products to avoid a hard border an island by sharing the same rules but the problem and you can probably guess this one is that her vision of the new relationship with Europe is too close for many bricks the tears in her party but not close enough for those on the Romane side and business support of the Conservative party so she really is and a truly horrible position just how much shit here is she in her job as prime minister the Sunday papers are again reporting on another supposed plot to replace yet again with the colorful former foreign secretary Boris Johnson they are indeed at the speculation never seems to go away I don't think her position is security or I think I just don't see how she can come up with a deal about a new relationship with Europe that would be acceptable to such a divided party as the conservatives but of course what keeps are in place and it may take you for much longer Alex is that it's very hard also to see anyone else doing a much better job as the problem really is the fundamental division in the party and for that matter the country and it's hard really not to see Britain as heading towards a major political crisis as the deadline for leaving the e.u. Looms at the end of next March and a lot of people saying that the opposition the Labor Party aren't quite ready to form a government either no of course they look at the governing conservatives aren't the only ones in a mess there's all sorts of controversy surrounding the opposition labor. Party and its leader Jeremy called them with accusations of anti Semitism or so at least him not doing enough about it in the Labor Party and added to that of course the Labor Party is all in almost as much turmoil over Bracks set as the governing conservatives with many in the Labor party wishing that Jeremy Coburn would do much more to oppose Britain leaving the European Union something which he is inclined not to do that's why I say it's not just what the conservatives but labor together the effects of Bracks at the effects of everything else you get a sense of a country kind of whirling towards some sort of a showdown and crisis Rob thank you the B.B.C.'s Rob Watson the international image of Syria is that of a ravaged war torn country where buildings and governments have been crumbled and when civil war broke out in 2011 naturally tourism was hit badly forcing So much has seemed to close his boutique hotel in Damascus while millions of Syrians fled similar decided to stay 3 years ago he started a new company and opened one of the 1st bars in the old town area of the government controlled capital. Everybody was coming to see who are those people who opened this place in the middle of the war. Like this the wishing got better they were at the beginning like 3 or 4 places and now there are like 30 places in the same street. I'm nowhere around 21 years old and every Tuesday I come here and I love it so much it's like very good the place so I really enjoy your. People approach think that we don't have bars in Syria but people go to the bars and stay till 4 am or 6 am sometimes we just like party and drink and laugh and have fun. Most of the plants here they are feared to drink whiskey or 4th go and we have some city and invented. Octant such as this one that he was making now. The name you know how I will mix Church of God and bind up and some you can be. I mean the mask is in general has the spirit everyone feels it the night life has been blooming for a while because when things get hard people look for ways out sometimes for a 2nd you can detach yourself from all the ugliness throughout the war people have drawn closer to each other because they realize that really we don't have anything else other than you know our friends or close ones are soul mates. Being in a place which is near to the front lines between mortar shelling you go to this place and you have a drink I think that idea was really really really tempting for too many people. Weekend our identity of nightlife in Damascus now it's not exactly the same city used to be before the war but I think is becoming another city but I'm a bit optimistic about the future but I think we need time to just forget about what ever happened here in the last 7 years. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service Island has had lines a car bomb attack him a Somali capital Mogadishu has left 3 soldiers dead and wounded a number of children at a nearby school the Pentagon has scrapped a further $300000000.00 in aid to Pakistan after accusing it of failing to act against militant groups and almost 50 people have been arrested in China in a violent protest about changes to the education system in you know one province years there's been an angry protest by hundreds of parents in the Chinese city of La yang in central Hunan Province it's about changes to the school system dozens of people have been detained one hour from Asia Pacific editor Michael Michael why are the parents angry why like anything in China it's very difficult to get to the bottom of what's going on because social media posts are deleted the authorities they give a little bit of information would only give it from their own point of view but what appears to have happened is that just before the start of the new school year the authorities in Les Young in order to reduce class sizes in state schools of ordered some parents to send this kids to private schools that this would be Ok but they've asked the parents to bear the financial burden of that there have been some suggestions I've seen on the Internet that these fees are at $10.00 times what a parent could be expected to say paid a state school because indeed there are even 3 days at state schools in China there are also suggestions that new dormitories provided for students in transit big countries often schools drawing pupils from a long way away and they sleep in the school that these have some kind of formal held formaldehyde problem and so they were unsafe for students to to sleep in school for those reasons they go on stage a couple of protests. Police have tried to stop them but they've turned violent So if this is the eastern part about. Reducing class sizes how many kids are there in a standard class well it varies but in some classes I when I lived in China I went into some classes where you might get 5060 even 70 pupils in a class where they just have to sit down and listen and like parents across the world we're all concerned about children's class sizes the smaller the class sizes the better the education we think our children are getting the authorities seem to try to react and respond to this but in doing so they've caused more anger then then they did do originally so can we draw anything out of this is as to how China is changing I think you can see I think what it shows you once again is that China is a place where often the authorities are very and receptive to what people are thinking because there's no way in which people can express their opinions and so they make great changes and then all of a sudden find they've they've they've caused great conflict and anger amongst the population and then they just rise up and organize these kind of mass protests so that's why they happen quite a lot Michael thank you Michael Bristow in recent years Pakistan has received billions of dollars of economic and military aid from the United States blitz coffers will be somewhat lighter after the u.s. Announced its canceling $300000000.00 of financial support the u.s. State department blames Islam about a key ally for failing to deal with terrorist networks operating in the country its words Donald Trump even accuses Pakistan of deceiving Washington so how will the announcement be felt in Pakistan let's put that to Bell who joins us on the line subjugate $300000000.00 It's a significant figure how will this be felt in Pakistan. Yeah that's right Alex 300000000. A lot of money and specially for a country of it exactly like a lot for next in just those and the newcomer to just. Come in and get good like a very ambitious agenda so it will be it will be like. A lot of a lot of like. A problem for people who are dealing with the finances but. Otherwise it is it is it is not a surprise for like media and for most of the people sitting in the sound but because it was the amount which was. Good devious little amounted to being suspended or know. The cancellation of been announced so they will not be surprised even if the volume is not very small and I think that from my experience they will try to like play the victim card that this is not an aid of military assistance or to the coalition sports fund it is just like the money they say that they have already spent on the Concord that is not present and it is just like the investment of those 2 bills cited in Islamabad thank you. Finland is one of very few countries that has managed to reduce homelessness a policy known as housing 1st is now inspiring similar projects elsewhere our correspondent James sure went to Helsinki to find out how it works. I've come to the linen mucky funfair park in the center of Helsinki the area around here used to be full of homeless people but no those homeless people have disappeared many of them moved to flats just alongside the park as part of housing 1st proof policy makers would say that the scheme really does work we're in an accommodation block owned by v. V. a This is an organization for homeless people run by homeless people v.a. Translates approximately into English is no fixed abode and we were the services manager my neighbors who selected a. Head of housing and law travelled services of our organisation so we're standing out side one of your flats can we step inside and just have a look in and meet the person who lives here you see yes he has in mind because he was stepping inside painted flat plenty of 60 years old spent many years on the street and saw many of his friends die from alcohol abuse and and other problems but this flat is extremely comfortable it's warm it's got a kitchenette and a huge contrast no doubt to the experience that plenty had for many years living on the streets of Iraq I have got a lot will happen rather affair and in my own so he has been living in his staircases. Maybe public toilets then also shelters kind of a 1st date. Which was basically in a room. On the floor and. Many of people used to target alcohol. And things like that you gotta. See thier slice things like that and it was basically very unhealthy life housing 1st is a profound rethinking of how to solve homelessness and rough sleeping instead of starting with the problems which may have caused someone to be homeless it addresses the homelessness 1st the idea is that giving someone a permanent home makes it easier to fix problems like relationship break ups addiction or mental illness the figure for long term homelessness dropped by more than a 3rd between 282015 partly because many hospitals and emergency shelters were converted into permanent homes as part of housing 1st one of the biggest obstacles to a large scale implementation will be cost and the availability of suitable homes but for individuals like make your Honner it is hard to put a price on the difference it is made to his life I think the main feeling in under 3 it is person is hopeless it is dangerous. I'm not hopeless anymore actually. I have good plans I think. Honolulu ending that report from James Shaw highly and has some other stories from our news desk the Philippines president Rodrigo deter tea is due to begin a 4 day visit to Israel later today the 1st by a Philippine leader in more than 60 years the trip is intended to promote commercial and military ties between the 2 countries at a time when the Philippines tines with its traditional ally the United States have cooled. A mass street planting campaign in Pakistan is underway about one and a half 1000000 trees will be planted today with the country aiming to plant 10000000000 over the next 5 years the government hopes the scheme will create awareness of the benefits of forests the oldest woman in Britain to have gender reassignment surgery at the age of 81 has spoken of the absolute euphoria of waking up in her new body Ruth rose her underwent the complex male to female operation 4 years ago after spending her entire life and what she was certain was the wrong body she says add to choose have changed massively over her lifetime my doctor said to me I think you would have the operation I had no idea that it would have been possible for somebody my age she sent off and I met the psychiatry issue seem to be perfectly alright with me and it all went went ahead and it went ahead very smoothly and as far as right sort of a time it was just a cosmetic tidying up of my life but in fact a lot more psychologically happened to me just by the very fact that I was not pretending anything anymore I was actually all homegrown so to speak police in Mexico say they've arrested a man who stole a funeral car which still had a body inside according to the police statement the Harris contained the body of an 8 year old man and was being prepared to leave the hospital for a local funeral home at the time of the stolen. 18 year old Japanese swimmer has become the 1st female athlete to win the most valued player award at the Asian Games in Jakarta the history making woman also won the biggest haul of swimming gold medals in the game's history for Hannah Darwood reports. Love. For call from. The Congress going to become the personal. Goal her own worth while appearing modest about her achievements record dazzled in the pool in the Asian Games she won 6 golds together with 2 silvers in the relay and was also the 1st person to bag 8 medals in 36 years . And 50 I'm very happy to get this wonderful award today I am very honored to be able to receive such a wonderful award recolor picked up a trophy and a check for $50000.00 u.s. Dollars her achievement was all the more remarkable as she arrived in Jakarta immediately after competing in the Pan Pacific Championships the head of the Japanese delegation Yes sure Yamashita made special mention of the brilliant effort of the country's female athletes. I think once again this was an event where the performance of Japanese women athletes was very noteworthy I'm hoping that in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games the women athletes representing Japan will be able to shine I think this is something that we can anticipate Japanese swimmers enjoyed an impressive showing in Jakarta preventing the Chinese from topping the standings in the sport for the 1st time in 20 years Overall however China was the winner at the Asian Games with Japan coming in 2nd you 2 have been performing sellout shows across the world for more than 30 years but on Saturday night the Irish rock band had to end a concert in Berlin early after their sing up Bano lost his voice. Onstage fans said the smoke machines appeared to have affected his performance the concert has been rescheduled Keith oil reports it was the 2nd night of the Irish band's European leg of their experience and innocence tour fans said as Bono was singing the 4th song his voice started to go by the time he got into the next number he was coughing and stopped singing fun said the smoke machines appeared to be affecting him but no apologized saying he would have to leave the stage for a while playing for you. If you want to. Read. To. The band never reappeared on the audience was told the concert would be reshaped jeweled and his statement the band said Bono had suffered a complete loss of voice and was getting medical advice Keith Doyle with that report the main news this hour a car bomb attack in the Somali capital Mogadishu has left 3 soldiers dead and wounded a number of children as a nearby school the blast also damaged nearby houses and blew the roof off a mosque Thanks for listening to this edition of The Newsroom. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the us is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio contest a.p.m. American Public Media with support from the College of vine working with your high school students to discover and achieve their goals in high school complete the college admissions process and negotiate merit scholarship awards more at college of AA and dot com. Hello and welcome to on the black sea diving deep part 2 of the b.b.c. World Service series about the mysterious sea between your up Russia in the Middle East where empires of crushed for centuries and tensions are rising again I'm Tim Huell And today I'm under the waves join me for stories of shipwrecks and dolphins in the compas on the Black Sea after the news b.b.c. News with Eileen McHugh in Somalia the Islamist militant group al-Shabaab says it has carried out her car bombing attack at a local government office in the capital Mogadishu Somalia officials said 3 soldiers who managed to stop the vehicle from entering the building were killed in the blast the United States military is canceling a further $300000000.00 in aid to Pakistan the Pentagon accused Islamabad of failing to act against militant groups Islamabad denies harboring jihadists organizations u.s. Army General Austin Scott Miller has assumed command of NATO forces in Afghanistan taking over from General John Nicholson who led the mission for 2 years at a handover ceremony in Kabul left tenant General Miller said the world recognized that could not they could not fail failed in the long fight in Afghanistan. The British prime minister to resign May has rejected calls for a 2nd referendum on Breck's it in a newspaper article to reason he said any such move would be a gross betrayal of democracy almost 50 people have been arrested in China in a violent protest about changes to the education system in Hunan Province officials are trying to reduce class sizes by sending some pupils to private schools but that's pushed up fees the Yemeni government has downplayed expectations ahead of un brokered peace talks with the Hoofy rebels later this week the foreign minister Khaled on your money said his hopes were limited to the possibility of progress on the issue of prisoner exchanges in the eastern Ukrainian city of Donetsk a burial services taking place for a Russian backed separatist leader hundreds of people file past the coffin of Alexander Zaha Genco he died in an explosion last week and a Japanese woman has become the 1st woman to be named the most valuable player at the Asian Games we can go ek it won 6 gold medals all when set record times for the tournament b.b.c. News. Was to him he will be a whistling to the compass on the b.b.c. World Service and to the sound of the Black Sea the more than half a 1000000 cubic kilometers of water with many of the Styris properties that connect Eastern Europe southern Russia and the Middle East. Today in our series on the Black Sea I'm going under its waves down there the layers of history layers of chemistry layers of who life and death but it's only by diving deep that you can fully understand how politics are changing in this strategically crucial part of the world and how they're affecting the millions of people who live around the Black Sea and to so beguiled by it. Most of us here we've basically been born in. The neighborhood that I grew up in all my friends. People so they were gone for a long time but we were hearing the stories. Were going to the beach every day you know in somewhere so yeah growing up there with the exhibits they were thing for us basically it's our work it's our mystery that we want to resolve it all these you know fantastic stories that we're trying to tell me the Black Sea is a big love that I've always been if it were to get. A piece of pottery that hasn't been touched in thousands of years that you know no one has seen no one is dead and they're just they're just there underneath the water and you can't just let. This thing. I'm in Bulgaria on the western shore of the Black Sea near the ancient fishing town of sorts awful with archaeologists who were diving down to a drowned settlement they think it was 1st inhabited thousands of years ago when the sea was a bit smaller than it is now and there was no such country as Bulgaria. It's very arduous process. And I have what I have 3 I'm going to try my best. And also I mean let's say it's going to be interesting. To see this show best and that eventually putting some shorts on top. That it made me think and then my full 5 might say just like feel the cold say part as much on this I'm 10 she heard. The young group symbol Garion of those from Britain the United States Mexico Greece and elsewhere passionate talk which is passionate die for this by a doctor drug. Them archaeologists with Gary and center for underwater archaeology . Working on the what is also very satisfying because you can do many things that you can do online you can fly over your site you can float over your site you can have a wider perspective of you're saying that sometimes in land you can to do that in land you're restricted to gravity so you can only see what you can see from your own height diving if you have good visibility you can pretty much see the whole site in a jump you can picture the whole place just like a floating as it were absolutely something looking down comparison with land archaeology we are really absolutely I cannot so say. I rode out to the Dig a beautiful sandy beach on a nature reserve deserted apart from us. A few metres out from. The pier now and we just stood over where the divers are working. But they only work in the depth about 3 or 4 metres under the surface and I don't have any diving or goodness I'm going to go down myself now just see how near I can get to see what the conditions they're working in a lot. Of. Beautiful. Green blue water but what I can see below I mean it's really quite beautiful is the I'm dim yellow shakes of the compressed air so when does the divers using just below me and I'm really impressed that all these very very precise measurements these very precise mapping and observation that's done on the one hand they replicated exactly the same under the sea so they've got to take measures they've got trials they've got special covered notebooks that they can make marks with They've got baskets of the hanging on to risk everything has to be attached and that's the other thing so that the trolls are actually attached by cords to their diving suits that the notebooks are attached everything is attached. So that nothing can get nothing can get lost. One of the leaders of the expedition is Professor John Adams from Southampton University in England. Jones basically just just as if this were the end of the jetty now said Jones but always equipment. Could be done for you know 2 and a half hours well what could you see just tell us. A little fragments of very eroded culture and because at the moment we're in a level that's relatively high. And as we go down then you start getting larger bits of poles and eventually whole parts. And that tells us that we're getting near a level that's been very little disturbed What do you think is the age of the stuff that you're going to your funding at the moment I think it's probably. Either also been good for certain time and then perhaps later as I say hopefully the more we go down the earlier it'll get and I want to see what's out there that. Because this is an area that people have been living in for thousands of years it is you know roughly how long people have been within himself going to show. Well we know that there are at least settlements in homes each Chalcolithic material in other words that period just before the Bronze Age And so how many 1000 years is that that's probably that's sort of 56000 years old. Tim to dive on. What can you see down there over. The Pa to is just one clue in the process of how old the poxy is and how civilization evolved around it and this dig is just part of the big adventure to try to answer those questions the Black Sea maritime archaea which. You project one of the largest multidisciplinary underwater operations of its kind ever attempted anywhere over several years Professor John Adams and his colleagues are conducting a complete geophysical and Archaeological Survey of the Bulgarian sector of the seabed trying to locate the oldest history with the aid of the newest technology including a robot controlled from the research vessel the stream Explorer. Essentially the straight Explorer cruises along following this rebel almost like you know if you're taking it don't feel like the robot would be the dog and the dog would be sniffing along the ground and you'd be following. That to the robot goes along operational it senses the data risk coming up the fiber optic cable into the control rooms on the ship and we can see all that live real time so we see the 3 dimensional topography of the seabed unfolding as we go Avery's. Stories of storms there are stories of hidden treasure she breaks. We found everything from Byzantium ships right up to 900 sentry ships and we're talking about ship wrecks that are better than the ones we remember from the story books of our childhood I mean that these things have they must still standing the spars have just dropped to the day as the small boats still a day quite extraordinary some of some of them a say well preserved it looks so the crew must've just scuttle the ship the day before. These are stories that you know from old say there's an old fisherman my grandfather's. From the great days of sailing up to the end of the 19th century or maybe into the early 20th century ships operate on many bills would be held together with metal fastenings as well as wood fastenings and if we have a wreck. Of a ship if it occurs in a depth greater than 150 meters of water that structure will essentially survive as an intact because you know structure and. The wrecks that we saw was still the right shape that mass was still standing the wood was so well preserved that we could see the carvings on the wall and coils of rope which had been flipped over the guns were still there and that was creating the impression that the crew had gone off yesterday. The only thing wrong with the ships is that because the metal fastenings holding the side planks have now failed series ironically is the metals that fail not be organics the side planks drop off the seabed so it almost looks like the ship is is being deconstructed or ship that's not been quite completed yet one of the staggering we saw last year was a medieval hit which is of the sort that would be for many to mow have had a and we've seen the ships in crude manuscripts all carvings on church walls but we've never seen a real one. But this thing is a beautiful issue it fills in an enormous gap in there it's on history and on the knowledge of medieval shipping it's a type of ship that people have written about for you know couple of 100 years of modern scholarship never seen one until now. And there are many more examples like that waiting to be found for blacks and. The reason Rex is so well preserved in the Black Sea is because as well as the layers of history under its way there are distinct layers of water and oxygenated not very salty it's fed by the Danube and all the big rivers and the low of the well 150 meters without oxygen and without oxygen organic material such as wood doesn't rot So essentially all e. Fresh water flooding in from the rivers and forming as rain sort of sits on top of a base level the salt water does any very narrow Atlas as we know from the Black Sea it's this narrow strip of water out pass through the Bosphorus This means that the fresh water flows out through the vaults respond to the same time to replace it is something in salt water on the 2 never really completely mix and so the lowest level with alexy below about 150 meters is pretty much completely devoid of oxygen . That's why the Black Sea is one of the world's finest on the water the Burra trees and archeologists dream but biologists see it differently at the far end of the Black Sea from Bulgaria on its north eastern shore below the Caucasus mountains I stood on a rather rickety jetty with Roman to bar head of ecology at the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia and suddenly I caught sight of one of the glories of the sea the houses most celebrated species. In the sea not more than 50 metres out this whole school of dolphins are just sort of flat but it's just the nest so beautiful they're so kind of graceful in our present 3 species of dolphins but we tend to shoulder many adult things here because we're much fish but what really amazes me is just what why was it they just 3 meters from the jet 8 year old one just I can't believe how close they are just I can see its whole back now these are um white belly dolphins yes you see that the one thing you can't see so it's really beautiful because actually water is also a beautiful color kind of an Aqua Marine basically the sea changes color every day and it's a particularly beautiful color today. Dolphins of the predators at the top of an ecological pyramid dependent on the Raj numbers of fish which in turn depend on huge reserves of plankton but in the Black Sea That pyramid of life is tight we squeezed into the upper layer of water above the zone without oxygen which is so archaeologically rich but biologically almost dead and Black Sea very political problematic see a very sensitive top layer business the life of the oxygen these. For Lear the very scene how many meters where it's effectively lifeless 2 kilometers Bizzaro oxygen dissolved life only a few species of bacteria so the living layer in other words is the top 10 percent of the water and so the Black Sea is a sea that gets polluted much more easily than other seas and the pollution doesn't wash away. Human induced pollution mainly from industries was here really affecting that Black Sea and the because in the late eighty's you have steel you have oil hold up and you can imagine how much pollutants were getting inside the Black Sea and it's like a trap Dimitar Popoff is a young Bulgarian ecologist who monitors the Black Seas wildlife using a mobile phone app to send to Dolphin sightings to co-exist around the coast for him the state of the water is a mirror of the politics around it the good thing from the fall of the Soviets in the u.s.s.r. And the heavy industries there was that safe probably the Black Sea According to some scientists also the central Europe including Germany and all these going to that they're in but then you're basing your piece of the largest European lever indeed goes into the Black Sea the European countries started Green produced much stick waste water treatment legislation including for industrial waste water. Around the same time all the Black Sea States finally gave up the hunting of dolphins a tradition centuries old and killed a bum on golfing hunting was introduced. About $1500000.00 for use and porpoises have been counted from the waters of the Black Sea sold out his depleted . The stock so why do they come here they come. More sleep they were using could be entire body so they were using to fight the blubber which was like all the whales did not was the important thing. The other thing they were trying. To develop our taste among population for dolphin meat from the 50 symbol gear so it was totally all successful but they were using it to make this. Animal feed here they were doing animal feed also from the balls to Mattel has grown up since the collapse of the Soviet block when one coast of the Black Sea was communist and the other not after that there was a moment when all the coastal states began to work together for the 1st time to try to protect the seas fragile ecosystem there were plans for example to agree on workable fishing quotas and to stop illegal trolling but now tension is growing again between East and West Russia seized the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine in 2014 and NATO has increased its presence in the region but. Just 3 Sunday we see more and more naval exercises done in the Black Sea for the past 3 years I would say or 2 years after the situation in Crimea escalated we have NATO exercises and you enter arson exercises all the time I would say and 10 years ago they were very few and all these naval exercises there are affecting the marine life definitely because of all the sonorous on the earth are known to be causing a lot of sound pollution noise pollution could the sea. So . These politics also are preventing a better cooperation because right now scientists and people are very interested to find out what is the state of the sufficiency in the marine mammals in the Black Sea We are thinking to do basin wide survey but now with the current deal board to go situation it's impossible. Impossible because of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine tension between Russia and Georgia and the unresolved status of Abkhazia a territory with a long black sea coastline which broke away from Georgia and more than 20 years ago but which most of the world still refuses to recognize or do business with as you said we have across here it's impossible to fly to do surgery there nor will you were due to give you a permit for that the same situation has its rights because if it isn't going nowhere Yeah yeah you know recognize yet the same because of Russia and. You you are going to slide now we are also a NATO country and there is these crazy things and which is causing a lack of cooperation so all there is a need to. Be made to bear fruit between all the countries and the politics are only preventing them because of these current things and between them a door in process. To such Sandison Ukrainian sente get sent to the College of the city. Oksana sevenpence is not the researcher who wishes the science could be put to both politics based in the Ukrainian port of adesa on the northern shore of the Black Sea she's traveling across it by ferry with a huge binoculars camera and i Pod from high upon the captain's bridge she scanning the sky in the waves see birds dolphins and any signs of pollution. So it's a project. To collaborate to teach each to share. Results they have. To combine it to do modeling. Like see the understand from city because if you cannot do it on the local We have to do it in it because the border so now it's not easy especially if it came me like I did my masters in Kenya. And now it's really hard because I cannot do it officially I know you can hear is the opinion scientist because Crimea has been taken over by rebels so now it's really complicated. It's almost impossible not to do it together so Ukraine and Georgia work together but what about the other countries to Turkey work with you. Yeah yeah. So now they have come so sound all. This. Clay and. Took his and budget Norah. We also have Russian scientists who are very interested in collaboration but the Russian colleagues they do it separately in their lodges and we do no such claim we have probably. Tried to avoid this because the big international scandal something like this it's important it's very important to them to provide money to him but that I lost as it is known many of these you know to solve that is to find a solution. It is a very bored moment because in this year our factories which use until very remains dissolved fish. No fish it's all no fish it is very dangerous signal for all of us so this is the Black Sea basin and you were telling me earlier that a 110000000 people live around the shores of the Black Sea obviously seen enormous political change in the last 30 years and now a completely different political map what difference has that all those political changes made to the ecology of the sea and the problems of protecting the city if it is not so easy to give is some. Disappeared for solution of this problem but in my opinion we need a normal coordination for protecting. Fisheries sources and biodiversity was a Black Sea resort which and protection an environment of for all environment or sort of like see. I. Back in Bulgaria the underwater archaeologists feeling more and more pasta crates with finds often in clay pipes a huge array of Wilco and in Portage pottery and soak in them in fresh water to draw out salt busy identifying everything is the Bulgarian ceramics expert and diving enthusiastic truck a mere gulp of. Studying humans behind the artifacts is why the main objectives of archaeology the point of archaeology is trying to reconstruct like in the past on the basis of the material remains from it. From this side currently what we're looking at is for us from all sorts of different places there on the Mediterranean we have North Africa known for us Black Sea for us we haven't for that come from the south of Asia Minor or Cyprus so yeah we can really reconstruct the trading network that has a small focal point here. If you want to see this one yeah example with this is one is actually wrapped in a call so that you can keep it safe again we have a number of infected missiles and what we have here Wow that's almost complete is a bit of a hole in the bottom that's all yeah I think big block. Pot both mishandle still complete Yeah exactly it's a large only bias and think what characteristic or the view of the 6th century is in really good shape isn't it it isn't in incredibly well preserved and you can see how thin the actual pottery is and it's amazing that this large vessel has been preserved and again we're talking here only has a shell so it's kind of I can always just can see the bottom of it exactly yeah you can see at this point I want to stay on the sea but. I already. Know you think maybe it was actually holding oysters at the time that's amazing so that tells you 2 different things at once Exactly exactly so if you come from the Marine marine biology point of view when there were always does yeah I mean. You know how this actual part is what you can see also on the S.A.T.'s darkly discolorations here these are recent years from actual food so he leaves Yes exactly can you tell what food yes you can conduct analysis that would give you basically the structure Well it's called Living in there is for example and we could analyze the fact that they're on the inside and we can get a pretty good idea about what was in the school and what you think they were cooking but what we know about what they actually called. Different stews probably as far as I can see in every family would have a number of these in their households so yeah the thing what makes this unique is that usually because of their brittle structure in their refined make they do not survive for very little in the archaeological record Personally I've seen you know very few of them with an intact profile and this is the 1st really entire point that they have ever seen. Of the Yeah Yeah Yeah that's what I mean that hasn't been restored or good back together or something like that really that. When the family ate their last dinner out of that part there were Byzantine towns on the northern southern and western shores of the Black Sea for thousands of years as waves have been a highway for cultures and civilizations to spread sometimes by conquest but originally since who long before recorded history by trade its coastal communities have looked out to Woods to neighbors across the sea more than to those further environs and as well as goods they've shared the languages religions ways of thought in the next part of this b.b.c. World Service journey on the Black Sea with me Tim he will be produced by Monica Whitlock I'll be joining today's traders lorry drivers from many nations. Have just booking on that are just passing a ball and there's a stretching out offering me a plastic cup of. Views and this is the friends I made last night some of the Georgian and Ukrainian truck drivers. It's all he'll feel as the us. I'll be seeing through their eyes how the sea and the reach of a changing. This is Aspen Public Radio broadcasting on k j x Aspen in case C.J.'s carbon.