for banks parked in the basement at the fed. what happened this time beginning with the trump policies but really accelerating under biden is that the fed printed money, and then they mailed it to people to sperntiond right? so it wasn't hanging out in the basements of the banks' reserve accounts, it was alive in the economy. it takes the fed monetizing the debt, and it takes fiscal policy that's super expansionary to get inflation off like this. but the real big policy mistake is what president biden did right after he came into office, what they did, you know, through the summer which is that they really had big, big stimulus and spending plans that were passed even though we had more or less filled the hole for covid and the economy had recovered. they went into a full employment economy, and they stimulated the heck out of it, and i think that's why inflation is now up into the double digits. paul: all right. the implications of what you were saying before about having to get above the actual inflation rate or close to it to control inflation, i don't see