But first lets look at something we all take for granted in industrialized countries instead of power supply so everywhere its still relies heavily on fossil fuels currently only around sixteen percent of the energy we generate comes from sustainable sources. Jenny wants to stop burning coal completely by twenty thirty eight and many other countries are also investing heavily in renewables but how big a listing is a quick large scale transition a swiss researcher is working hard to make it happen ok good morning everyone lets get started at. Times. To ask me you know its a comic book and my name is gabby who im thirty eight and the associate professor at e. T. H. Zurich the aim of my research is to create a Renewable Power grid every day i give it my all respect focusing on research that you know. Solution. To force. Happy and a hook to develop systems to optimize power grids to accommodate the increasing share of electricity from Green Renewables to do so she deploys some heavy duty mathematics. Doesnt exist now for stone age and electric grid is enormous and its a big mathematical problem off there while our aim is to develop solutions that enhance its efficiency and thus optimize with operation. That that means that the fish at least. As more and more energy is derived from renewable wind and solar sources there are more fluctuations in power grids. When the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine no electricity is generated. Hoke wants to smooth out this variable output. The thirty three with our goal is that consumers wont even notice those fluctuations the grid should be as reliable of its always been tied melech that. Shes exploring models that will allow decentralized management of smaller subsections of the grid. By responding quickly to local fluctuations in power delivery and use the large scale grid can run better overall. Who copes to make a major contribution to the shift to renew of all energy more than many other researchers in her field her work relies heavily on mathematical approaches. Shes already three hours into todays lecture at the e. T. H. Zurich. Her classes always challenge the students. What we do next is some additional mathematical they ration fifteen minute break. Places a high value one teaching shes down to earth and approachable even if she doesnt always have an easy answer. Hes a secret service so while we so interested in powell rooting for his old it was a little suspect bad question. Before coming to e. T. H. In twenty fifteen she was at Carnegie Mellon university in pittsburgh for several years but i know. That what you said evolving and its surprising to see such a young woman as a professor. In my department at home in france we didnt have a single female professor they were all men and old. Life is very busy forgot. She has very little down time what with her Teaching Research and family life she has a husband and three sons. Mission for the fall say its been very hard work and tiring and i dont get much sleep. And it wears you down to be under pressure all the time. The wish that almost. After a long day its time to switch gears. Her husband then you mean doesnt go out to work he runs the household. You would hate cooking every day. Then you mean hook has been a stay at home parent since the couples oldest son was born but its often been a juggling act especially in the early years. It was difficult as long as the children needed to be bronzed friend had been through it we would often go to gabbys office so she could feed them. And the thing. They approached their division of labor which humor. It was second maggie i sometimes think my job is easier i just leave the house in the morning. If the children get a bit out of hand well im in the office. Back home and i sometimes ask myself why cant i leave the house and go to work in the morning or more. She devotes evenings and weekends to her family but its hard to switch off entirely. Does she ever really relax. I think shes never been able to do that when theres something important at work youre always half of the office. Doesnt feel how one of the reasons might be that i identify with my work with it. And maybe thats why ive been able to achieve what ive achieved so youre definitely. With three sons is the only woman in the house. Thats often the case at professional gatherings to see her field is dominated by men most of them older. At the Smart Energy Systems conference in gods austria book was in demand shes widely respected for her mathematical and innovative approach. An Energy Industry consultant wanted her to get involved in a project. You all saw here and will get started. With this richard hope tends to get noticed but also because shes a woman to. Decide where being a woman is not itself a qualification a woman has to be up to the job and she certainly is a welcome compliment but it leaves an aftertaste of their own i think the things that dont bother me a bit and womens presence and the fact that we need more women is still something we cant take for granted so. Yeah i got to hook is a trailblazer a woman scientist who was determined to make a difference. If i needed this could be authentic i chose this field because its so important id like to think im contributing to its development so that we truly will have a Renewable Energy career by twenty fifty bodies and looking at i. Last saw. Quite a few women work in space program. They had film Hidden Figures tells the story of three black female mathematicians who contributed in a major way to now says Apollo Space Program it took a long time for Katherine JohnsonDorothy Vaughn and mary jackson to get the recognition they deserved throughout history many other women have had a big impact on the sciences. The first documented female physician in history was person shot in ancient egypt around two thousand six hundred b. C. E. She practiced medicine and trained more than one hundred midwives. An inscription on a babylonian tablet from one thousand two hundred b. C. E. Suggests that the worlds first chemist was to put. In addition to creating purr. Fumes she developed an app or a this for distilling liquids modern versions of her invention are still in use today. In around the year four hundred hypatia of alexandria was a mathematician and the first woman to give University Lectures in philosophy and astronomy she was killed by a mob of christian fanatics. Her murder was recorded in the history books but her scientific achievements were not over the centuries women made many more contributions to science. In seven hundred eighty six german born astronomer Caroline Harold became the first woman to discover a comet. But female scientists continue to be denied the recognition they deserved. Another prominent example is british mathematician ada lovelace she was little appreciated in her time but she is now seen as a pioneer of computer science. In eight hundred forty three she developed the first algorithm for the analytical engine a theoretical prototype of the modern digital computer shes often called the worlds first programmer. Marie curie did enjoy recognition for her groundbreaking work on radioactivity the polish born scientists share the one nine hundred three nobel prize in physics and later also won the prize for chemistry. Austrian physicist lisa meitner was crucially involved in the discovery of Nuclear Fusion but was not honored with a nobel prize. The same is true of the british chemist Roslyn Franklin who produced the first x. Ray picture of the d. N. A. Molecule vital for identifying its structure. Since the introduction of the nobel prize is one hundred eighteen years ago only three percent of the awards for science have gone to women. And only one has gone to a german woman christiane on this line fall hard with the prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the genetics of fruit flies. Most recently twenty eight teams are counted as Donna Strickland become the first woman in fifty five years to secure the nobel prize in physics for her pioneering work on pulse lasers because. Many female scientists are sharing their stories under the hash tag women in science day they talking about their work and telling others why they chose to pursue a career in research. Really sorry. Not to be afraid science is fascinating for every child with a boy or girl that was the message at the heart of the uns International Day of women and girls in science this year which took place on february eleventh. Its goal is to substantially raise the number of women active in research in a range of disciplines. Scientists also took to instagram to talk about their experiences the channel women doing science introduced a different female research every week in an effort to banish stereotypes killen ashit bishop for example is a molecular biologist at the university of miami in the us. And the lab have worked focuses on the genetic factors that play a role in the. Breast cancer and in her free time she volunteers as a mentor for young women interested in careers in Science Technology engineering and mathematics. Not a limb from thailand is the searing a doctorate in paleoclimatology. Research focuses on the andes and the impacts of Climate Change in the south American Mountain range. Where could help us better understand archaeological discover hes. Not he is also an artist and she wants to use her art to make science accessible to a wider public. Part of the of being is the neuro scientists who also conducts research into respiratory illnesses like asthma she is passionate about the sciences and has set up a nonprofit to help promote them powerful women changing the face of research. Me all gross taste is individual we all know that there is some things like pits appeal to lots of people other foods have fewer fans researchers are now looking into why we like the tastes that we like and why they change throughout our lives. In. Our sense of taste begins to develop long before were able to eat food. Fights for were shaped prenatally through the amniotic fluid that the fetus drinks whatever the mother eats influences the taste of the amniotic fluid this is for. Christina a nutrition scientist in switzerland studies how our sense of taste develops throughout our lives. We have relatively few instincts when it comes to taste at birth the only thing were born with is a preference for sweetness and the version to bitterness the. When it comes to sour innocent faultiness its something in between newborns reject better tasting things because its a signal watch out thats poison and we like sweet things because they promise to be energy rich breast milk also tastes slightly sweet. Most of our other taste preferences are burned as young children. Are counted as like a painting with layers that get added over time. Because we have our prenatal imprinting from the amniotic fluid and then we experience our mothers milk which tastes a little different every day. Doesnt like the background color of a painting that becomes more richly detailed and more colorful over the course of our lives. We get to know what our parents and siblings are eating. So were exposed to a palette of flavors and those are what we learn to enjoy it. Wont last. And genes can play a role for example when it comes to recognizing better tastes a variety of receptor cells help us to distinguish flavors. Just mentioned to have all the fun people are born with a higher number of taste receptors for betterness just feisty should make their more sensitive to their tastes these unleashed. When children have more of these receptor but we lose some of them over the course of our lives. A lot of children are much more sensitive to bitterness and all thieves and thats why they tend to prefer gummy bears to brussels sprouts. That horse and. A child learns to eat different food spy observing the people around them and that helps determine their likes and dislikes. But the fussy phase many children. Passthrough is a normal part of development. Why a tween ages if two or three and six we go through a stage that psychologists call neo phobia will be the fear of anything new. Thats something that evolution has equipped us with. And it makes sense because its dangerous to eat something when we dont know if it will agree with us or not at any cost based child has to try something new eight some people even say sixteen times before theyll accept it before us does it. And so for a while children often prefer soft bland tasting foods like plain pasta. Over time they learned to like more things. But this also depends on cultural context in germany children might grow up with a preference for cheese sausage and bread. While in italy pizza pasta and tomatoes might be more enticing. In other words we like what were used to. The us and we dont like certain foods because they taste good instead foods taste good because theyre what we eat our food preferences are culturally learned. But. Sometimes a bright idea isnt. The multitasker. Maybe you know. Its easy to laugh at the misfortunes of others even when it hurts them if you go from greece sent in a question about paying and as always weve got beyond. Just paying travel. Very far off a spot for the body. Like the rescuer spring has no time to lose. It has to race to get to the place where its process to the brain. Which. An injury is first registered in a sensory neuron the nervous system conducts the pe stimulus to the command center in the brain. Acute pain is always a sign of danger so pain is the bodys way of protecting itself and that has to happen fast. Researchers have calculated that certain pain signals can travel up to one hundred ten Kilometers Per Hour. That would make the pain of speedy is the fastest mammal on earth the cheetah. To compare when spring to you same ball broke a one hundred metres world record the only clock forty four Kilometers Per Hour that means he could be overtaken by rhinoceros which can do fifty. So no signals are pretty fast its possible to estimate their speed with the help of an equation. The flick of a nerve fiber the faster the pain signal is conducted. And why is it useful to know all of this. To minimize the time it takes medications to take effect. If our blood is red white but only think of it. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted onset with happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. Did you find us on line at d w dot com slash science and of course on twitter and facebook. The gulf is a fascinating animal in many parts of europe it was wiped out long ago but now its being reintroduced in germany over the protests of livestock farming is. Humans have crowded out many wild animals especially large predators all over the world a major challenge for environmentalists is defusing fears about the dangers they pose and the damage they can cause thats the focus of a project going on in south america. The wide expanses of the Andes Mountain range are home to a spooky looking animal. This spectacled bear also known as the andean there. Locals are all too familiar with the only bear native to south america. It features prominently in local legends. But very few people have actually seen one in the wild. Spectacle bears live almost exclusively in remote regions of the andes. When humans hack their fields further into the mountains especially near perus Manu National park they often find traces left by the animals. Coasts of schenk and oksana from the Frankfurt Zoological Society are inspecting a field the farmer says a bear eight eighty years of corn in a single night. Its a real pain to our bears eating my corn. Especially when they come back for more. They called off. Is used to this problem but in the course of his life the raids by the animals have become less frequent. Or used to have more bears coming to the fields and gobbling up everything. Today i hardly ever see them. Probably because there are a lot more people here now. And in the past some farmers took things into their own hands and killed the animals. Conflicted with and beyond conflicts with the bears or family often here at the edges of the National Park especially in remote fields the damage can be tremendous and the band is seen as a real past but sometimes its all the animals that are causing the damage to the corn but the bands get blamed for it usually. Rodents and birds are also partial to the corn. Once to know exactly who is feeding on the field. And her camera promptly catches the spectacle and hungry looking bear. People living in the andean villages do so in close proximity to the bears todays children will decide the fate of future generations of the animals thats why the frankford Zoological Society has set up an Environmental Education program at the local Elementary School with lectures study groups and games the idea is to improve the bears image so that these children will be more tolerant towards them than their parents are. They were told that the ban spread seeds important for treat Diversity Bank and the question why is that important the answer they produce oxygen. And this is an Elementary School in a remote valley in the andes it was all some. Understanding the full picture can help change opinions on a simple concept that is bearing fruit. Very little is known about the spectacled bears habits. Primarily because its so hard to track them down in the rough mountainous terrain. The total. Population of this species has been estimated to be at most ten thousand adult animals but the figures are uncertain. That it. Would like to have more precise numbers for her study area the spectacle bears tend to settle in the cloud forest at medium elevations so she set up a scent in front of a camera trap home. From her. Even researchers like her rarely get to see the bears face to face. I have. Twice face encounters in four years of work here. That makes the camera traps all the more important the devices are the researchers hidden knives. With their help roxana rojas was able to identify only nine spectacled bears the good news was they had offspring in tow. A ray of hope for these elusive residents of the andes. Thats it for now but join us again next week when well be looking far back in time to the origins of the planet mercury see you then on tomorrow today by. A. Once upon a time there was a young girl. With a burning ambition. To become a doctor. To become. A member of the uk. Hows your view of the world. Where i come from but all of thats good to cisco its just like this chinese food thats measure of where i am its always reminds me of home after decades of living in germany chinese food is one of the same i miss the most but that taking a step back i see things i need to differentiate knowledge many of goods a person as an articulation that exists to other parts of the board havent been implemented in china thats new but im not a Chinese People wondering if theyre going to say that but if you can have a ride to another culture that is this is a job a job that of them how i see it and deficit why i have nothing my job because i tried to do it exactly this hour a day my name is uninsured and i work at d w. D c or go buy sheep to seek for food. Police to prevent. Separate draw and cook foods to avoid cross contamination. Third to kill microorganisms. Keep food safe temperatures. To prevent bacterial growth. Use safe water and safe to avoid content. Producers are the ones primarily responsible for the safety of the food. But you can protect yourself and your family from the season by playing the five keys to safer food use them you also have a role to play. In the u. S. President. In the state if europe doesnt take them in. To quote take back eight hundred isis fighters and put them on trial. With Islamic State facing defeat in its last enclave in syria. Prime minister. Has cancelled his plans to attend a meeting of Central European leaders in israel