And how the u. N. Is trying to get more girls and women involved in the sciences. But first lets look at something we all take for granted in industrialized countries instead of how its supplied so everywhere it still relies heavily on fossil fuels currently only around sixteen percent of the energy we generate comes from sustainable sources. Jenny wants to stop burning coal completely by twenty thirty eight times many other countries are also investing heavily in renewables but how be listed is a quick large scale transition a swiss researcher is working hard to make it happen ok good morning everyone lets get started at the time its. Cost me i think of the book and my name is gabby who im thirty eight and the so. Professor at e. T. H. Zurich the aim of my research is to create a Renewable Power grid every day i give it my all focusing on research that yields solution itself the foreseeable. Gap to hook develop systems to optimize power grids to accommodate the increasing share of electricity from Green Renewables to do so she deploys some heavy duty mathematics. Doesnt exist now for stone age and electric grid is enormous and its a big mathematical problem off there our aim is to develop solutions that enhance its efficiency and thus optimize with operation. That that means that the physical. As more and more energy is derived from renewable wind and solar sources there are more fluctuations in power grids. When the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine no electricity is generated. Hook wants to smooth out this variable output. The thirty three our goal is that consumers wont even notice those fluctuations the grid should be as reliable of its always been tied melech that. Shes exploring models that will allow decentralized management of smaller subsections of the grid. By responding quickly to local fluctuations in power delivery and use the large scale grid can run better overall. Hopes to make a major contribution to the shift to renew of all energy more than many other researchers in her field her work relies heavily on a mathematical approaches. Shes already three hours into todays lecture at the e. T. H. Zurich. Her classes always challenge the students what we do next is some additional mathematical they rationed fifteen minute break. Places a high value one teaching shes down to earth and approachable even if she doesnt always have an easy answer or. Reasons they resort to so we so interested in palo routing so it is all those it with a list of suspects in the bad question. Before coming to e. T. H. In twenty fifteen she was at Carnegie Mellon university in pittsburgh for several years at our. Bedroom and three that will give said robinson was it surprising to see such a young woman as a professor. In my department at home in france we didnt have a single female professor they were all men and old. Life in surrey is very busy for god. She has very little down time what with her Teaching Research and family life she has a husband and three sons. Had to fall say its been very hard work and tiring. I dont get much sleep and it wears you down to be under pressure all the time to think that accomplished but almost. After a long day its time to switch gears. Her husband then you mean doesnt go out to work he runs the household. Programmers you would hate cooking every day. Binyamin hook has been a stay at home parent since the couples oldest son was born but its often been a juggling act especially in the early years. It was difficult as long as the children needed to be breast friend had been through this we would often go to gabbys office so she could feed them. Everything. They approached their division of labor which humor. It was second language i sometimes think my job is easier i just leave the house in the morning. If the children get a bit out of hand well im in the office. Back home and i sometimes ask myself why cant i leave the house and go to work in the morning. She devotes evenings and weekends to her family but its hard to switch off entirely. Does she ever really relax. Shes never been able to do that when theres something important at work youre always half of the office. The floor how one of the reasons might be that i identify with my work with you. And maybe thats why ive been able to achieve what ive achieved so youre definitely. With three sons is the only woman in the house thats often the case at professional gatherings to see her field is dominated by men most of them older. At the Smart Energy Systems conference in gods austria book was in demand shes widely respected for her mathematical and innovative approach. And Energy Industry consultant wanted her to get involved in a project. You saw here and will get started. Yes the switch of the coke tends to get noticed but also because shes a woman whos a little bit of a disciple and being a woman is not itself a qualification a woman has to be up to the job and she certainly is a welcome compliment but it leaves an aftertaste of their own i think the things that dont bother me a bit and i think womens presence and the fact that we need more women is still something we cant take for granted so. Yeah i got the ella hook is a trailblazer a woman scientist who was determined to make a difference. The value to this could be authentic i chose this field because its so important the id like to think im contributing to its development so that we truly will have a Renewable Energy group by twenty fifty dollars and a time. Last summer and. Quite a few women work in space program. They had film Hidden Figures tells the story of three black female mathematicians who contributed in a major way to now says Apollo Space Program it took a long time for Catherine Johnson dorothy born and mary jackson to get the recognition they deserved throughout history many other women have had a big impact on the sciences. The first documented female physician in history was passing out in ancient egypt around two thousand six hundred b. C. E. She practiced medicine and trained more than one hundred midwives. An inscription on a babylonian tablet from one thousand two hundred b. C. E. Suggests that the worlds first chemist was to put take. In addition to creating perth humans she developed an operators for distilling liquids modern versions of her invention are still in use today. In around the year four hundred hypatia of alexandria was a mathematician and the first woman to give University Lectures in philosophy and astronomy she was killed by a mob of christian fanatics. Her murder was recorded in the history books but her scientific achievements were not over the centuries women made many more contributions to science. In seven hundred eighty six german born astronomer Caroline Harold became the first woman to discover a comet. But female scientists continue to be denied the recognition they deserved. Another prominent example is british mathematician ada lovelace she was little appreciated in her time but shes now seen as a pioneer of computer science. In eight hundred forty three she developed the first algorithm for the analytical engine a theoretical prototype of the modern digital computer shes often called the worlds first programmer. Marie curie did enjoy recognition for her groundbreaking work on radioactivity the polish born scientists share the one nine hundred three nobel prize in physics and later also won the prize for chemistry. A string physicist liza might know was crucially involved in the discovery of Nuclear Fusion but was not honored with a nobel prize. The same is true of british chemistry Rosalind Franklin who produced the first x. Ray picture of the d. N. A. Molecule vital for identifying its structure. Since the introduction of the nobel prize is one hundred eighteen years ago only three percent of the awards for science have gone to women. And only one has gone to a german woman christiane in this line fall hard with a prize in physiology or medicine for her research. On the genetics of fruit flies. Most recently twenty eight teams are counted as Donna Strickland become the first woman in fifty five years to secure the nobel prize in physics for her pioneering work on pulse lasers. On you tube many female scientists are sharing their stories under the hashtag women in science de lay talking about their work and telling others why they chose to pursue a career in research like. The way to write. Great science is fascinating for every child with a boy or girl that was the message at the heart of the uns International Day of women and girls in science this year which took place on february eleventh. Its goal is to substantially raise the number of women active in research in a range of disciplines. Female scientists also took to instagram to talk about their experiences the channel women doing science introduced a different female researcher every week in an effort to banish stereotypes kill an acid bishop for example is a molecular biologist at the university of miami in the u. S. In the lab her work focuses on the genetic factors that play a role in the development of Breast Cancer and in a free time she volunteers as a mentor for young women interested in careers in Science Technology engineering and mathematics. Not a limb from thailand is pursuing a doctorate in paleoclimatology. Research focuses on the andes and the impacts of Climate Change in the south American Mountain range. Where could help us better understand archaeological discoveries. Not to is also. An artist and she wants to use her art to make science accessible to a wider public. The party of being is a neuroscientist who also conducts research into respiratory illnesses like asthma she is passionate about the sciences and has set up a nonprofit to help promote them powerful women changing the face of research. Me all gross. Taste is an official we all know that there are some things like pits appeal to lots of people other foods have fewer fans researchers are now looking into why we like the tastes that we like and why they change throughout our lives. Our sense of taste begins to develop long before were able to eat food. Fights for shape to prenatally through the amniotic fluid that the fetus drinks whatever the mother eats influences the taste of the amniotic fluid he says for. Christina a nutrition scientist in switzerland studies how our sense of taste develops throughout our lives. We have relatively few and stinks when it comes to taste at birth the only thing were born with is a preference for sweetness and a live version to bareness position when it comes to sour innocence faultiness its something in between newborns reject better tasting things because its a signal watch out that poison and we like sweet things because they promise to be energy rich breast milk also tastes slightly sweet usually. Most of our other taste preferences are burned as young children. Are counted as like a painting with layers that get added over time. Before we bought it he played all when it. We have our prenatal imprinting from the amniotic fluid and then we experience our mothers milk which tastes a little different every day. Doesnt like the background color of a painting that becomes more richly detailed and more colorful over the course of our lives. We get to know what our parents and siblings are eating. So were exposed to a palette of flavors and those are what we learn to enjoy it. Wont last. And genes can play a role for example when it comes to recognizing better tastes a variety of receptors cells help us to distinguish flavors. It does mention to have although some people are born with a higher number of taste receptors for better ness just feisty should make their more sensitive to better taste these and please find all children have more of the three sectors but we lose some of them over the course of our lives. Children are much more sensitive to bitterness and all thieves and thats why they tend to prefer gummy bears to brussels sprouts. Tours in court. For. A child learns to eat different foods by observing the people around them and that helps determine their likes and dislikes. But the fussy phase many children pass through is a normal part of development. Between the ages of two or three and six we go through a stage that psychologists call neo phobia the fear of anything new. Thats something that evolution has equipped us with. And it makes sense because its dangerous to eat something when we dont know if it will agree with us or not at any cost a child has to try something new eight some people even say sixteen times before theyll accept it. Before. Them so for a while children often prefer soft bland tasting foods like plain pasta. Over time they learned to like more things. But this also depends on cultural context in germany children might grow up with a preference for cheese sausage and bread. While in italy pizza pasta and tomatoes might be more enticing. In other words we like what were used to. The us and the we dont like certain foods because they taste good instead foods taste good because theyre what we eat our food preferences are culturally learned all along. Oh. Sometimes a bright idea isnt. A multitasker. Maybe not because its easy to laugh at the misfortunes of others even when it hurts them and even from grease sent in a question about pain and as always weve got the onset. Fosters pain travel. Very fast as fast as the bottom and like the rescuers pain has no time to lose it has to race to get to the place where its process to the brain. Which. An injury is registered in a sensory neuron the nervous system conducts the pace stimulus to the command center in the brain. But q. Train is always a sign of danger so pain is the bodys way of protecting itself and that has to happen fast. Researchers have calculated that certain pain signals can travel up to one hundred ten Kilometers Per Hour. That would make paying a speedy is the fastest model on earth the cheater. To compare one spring to you same old broke a one hundred meters world record the only clock forty four Kilometers Per Hour that means you could be overtaken by rhinoceros which can do fifty. So no signals are pretty fast its possible to estimate their speed with the help of an equation. Or six of the nerve fiber the faster the pain signal is conducted. And why is it useful to know all of this. To minimize the time it takes medication to take effect. If outlet is read write up but only a few pages. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted on set were happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. Do you find us online at d w dot com slash science and of course on twitter and facebook. The below is a fascinating animal in many parts of europe it was wiped out long ago but now its being reintroduced in germany over the protests of livestock farmers. Humans have crowded out many wild animals especially large predators all over the world a major challenge for environmentalists as defusing fears about the dangers they pose and the damage they can cause thats the focus of a project going on in south america. The wide expanses of the Andes Mountain range are home to a spooky looking animal. This spectacled bear also known as the andean there. Locals are all too familiar with the only bare native to south america and it features prominently in local legends. But very few people have actually seen one in the wild. Spectacle bears live almost exclusively in remote regions of the andes. When humans hack their fields further into the mountains especially near perus Manu National park they often find traces left by the animals. Coasts of schenk and oksana from the Frankfurt Zoological Society are inspecting a field the farmer says a bare eight eighty years of corn in a single night. Its a real pain to have bears eating my corn. Especially when they come back for more. Victims. Is used to this problem but in the course of his life the raids by the animals have become less frequent. Or used to have more bad coming to the fields and gobbling up everything. Today i hardly ever see them. Probably because there are a lot more people here now. And in the past some farmers took things into their own hands and killed the animals. Conflicted with and beyond conflicts with the bears or cat fairly often here at the edges of the National Park especially in remote fields the damage can be tremendous and the band is seen as a real past but sometimes its all the animals that are causing the damage to the corn but the bands get blamed for it usually. Rodents. And birds are also partial to the corn. Once to know exactly who is feeding on the field. And her camera promptly catches this spectacle and hungry looking bear. People living in the andean villages do so in close proximity to the bears todays children will decide the fate of future generations of the animals thats why the frankford Zoological Society has set up an Environmental Education program at the local Elementary School with lectures study groups and games the idea is to improve the bears image so that these children will be more tolerant towards them than their parents are. They were told that the bass spread seeds important for treat Diversity Bank and the question why is that important the answer they produce oxygen. And this is an Elementary School in a remote valley in the andes it was all some. Understanding the full picture can help change opinions a simple concept that is bearing fruit. That very little is known about the spectacled bears habits. Primarily because its so hard to track them down in the rough mountainous terrain of. The total population of this species has been estimated to be at most ten thousand adult animals but the figures are uncertain. At the. Roxana has would like to have more precise numbers for her study area the spectacle bears tend to settle in the cloud forest at medium elevations so she set up a scent in front of the camera trap. This. From her. Even researchers like her rarely get to see the bears face to face. I have. Tries face encounters in four years of work here. That makes the camera traps all the more important the devices are the researchers hidden eyes. With their help roxana rojas was able to identify only nine spectacled bears the good news was they had offspring in tow. A ray of hope for these elusive residents of the andes. Thats it for now but join us again next week when well be looking far back in time to the origins of the planet mercury see you then on tomorrow today by. The. Liberal. Film festival. Three portraits of three talented women. Actress nina marie of in money from norway. Filmmaker dont go in go from zimbabwe. And photographer. From germany. Focus on women at the barely know the. Thirty minutes w. The settling time went on as came to jurors or dealing with anyone at that i killed many civilians i mean gosh coming clearing my father was something i was a student and i wanted to build a life for myself. But suddenly life became alledge kind of sob. Providing insights global news that matters d. W. Made for mines. An eccentric continues. To folks really know their stuff. I play cards with the good morning stephanie stole. Their card and chat with musicians from around the world to. Make grooves every week on t. W. Once upon a time there was a young girl. With a burning ambition. To become a conductor. I was a very curious child and very excited and in love with music and i would go to concerts with my parents and i always. Yearned for being on stage with the musicians and being part of that magic it was a difficult trip to the first one. Oh world famous conductor if. The end of the. Lamaist. Starts feb eighteenth on d w. M d. This is deja news live from berlin u. S. President donald trump has threatened to release captured fighters from a socalled Islamic State if europe doesnt take them in his demand comes after he made a surprise claim in december that the militant group had been defeated and else that u. S. Troops would be withdrawn from syria. The u. S. And iran trying to verbal blows as a Munich Security Conference draw