But first lets look at something we all take for granted in industrialized countries instead of power supply so everywhere its still relies heavily on fossil fuels currently only around sixteen percent of the energy we generate comes from sustainable sources. Jenny wants to stop burning coal completely by twenty thirty eight and many other countries are also investing heavily in renewables but how big a lister is a quick large scale transition as this research is working hard to make it happen ok good morning everyone lets get started at the times. To ask me how i think of the book and my name is gabby who im thirty eight and the associate professor at e. T. H. Zurich the aim of my research is to create a Renewable Power grid every day i give it my all focusing on research the. Solution. To force of will. Get me into hook develop systems to optimize power grids to accommodate the increasing share of electricity from Green Renewables to do so she deploys some heavy duty mathematics. Doesnt exist now for stone age and electric grid is enormous and its a big mathematical problem and off there our aim is to develop solutions that enhance its efficiency and thus optimize its operation. That that means that the fish. As more and more energy is derived from renewable wind and solar sources there are more fluctuations in power grids. When the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine no electricity is generated. Hook wants to smooth out this variable output. The thirty three our goal is that consumers wont even notice those fluctuations the grid should be as reliable of its always been tight from electrician at. Shes exploring models that will allow decentralized management of smaller subsections of the grid. By responding quickly to local fluctuations in power delivery and use the large scale grid can run better overall. Hopes to make a major contribution to the shift to renew of all energy. More than many other researchers in her field her work relies heavily on a mathematical approaches. Shes already three hours into todays lecture at the e. T. H. Zurich. Her classes always challenge the students. What we do next is some additional mathematical they ration fifteen minute break. So the book places a high value one teaching shes down to earth and approachable even if she doesnt always have an easy answer. Raises a visitor this is so while we so interested in paolo routings so it is all those it was so expensive bad question. Before coming to e. T. H. In twenty fifteen she was at Carnegie Mellon university in pittsburgh for several years but i know that. That will give said robinson was it surprising to see such a young woman as a professor. In my department at home in france we didnt have a single female professor they were all men and old. Life in surrey is very busy forgot. She has very little down time what with her Teaching Research and family life she has a husband and three sons. Its been very hard work and tiring and i dont get much sleep and it wears you down to be under pressure all the time. But the wish that all mesh. After a long day its time to switch gears. Her husband then you mean doesnt go out to work he runs the household. Programers you would hate cooking every day. Then you mean hook has been a stay at home parent since the couples oldest son was born its often been a juggling act especially in the early years. Couldnt it was difficult as long as the children needed to be breast friend through. Yes we would often go to gabbys office so she could feed them. Everything. They approached their division of labor which humor. It was second language i sometimes think my job is easier i just leave the house in the morning. If the children get a bit out of hand well im in the office. Back home and i sometimes ask myself why i cant hardly the house and go to work in the morning or more. She devotes evenings and weekends to her family but its hard to switch off entirely. Does she ever really relax. Shes never been about to do that when theres something important at work youre always half of the office. You medically the flu how one of the reasons might be that i identify with my work with you. And maybe thats why ive been able to achieve what ive achieved in your definitely. With three sons got me a hook is the only woman in the house thats often the case at professional gatherings to see her field is dominated by men most of them older. At the Smart Energy Systems conference in cots austria cook was in demand shes widely respected for her mathematical and innovative approach. And Energy Industry consultant wanted her to get involved in a project. You saw and will get started. With which i hope tends to get noticed also because shes a woman. This hybrid being a woman is not itself a qualification a woman has to be up to the job and she certainly is a welcome compliment but it leaves an aftertaste of their own i think the things. Dont bother me a bit and womens presence and the fact that we need more women is still something we cant take for granted so. Yeah gotta be a hook is a trailblazer a woman scientist who is determined to make a difference. A vanity this could be authentic i chose this field because its so important the id like to think im contributing to its development so that we truly will have a Renewable Energy grid by twenty fifty dollars and again a time. At nasa some. Quite a few women work in space program. They had film Hidden Figures tells the story of three black female mathematicians who contributed in a major way to nelsons Apollo Space Program it took a long time for Katherine JohnsonDorothy Vaughn and mary jackson to get the recognition they deserved throughout history many other women have had a big impact on the sciences. The first documented female physician in history was passing in ancient egypt around two thousand six hundred b. C. E. She practiced medicine and trained more than one hundred midwives. An inscription on a babylonian tablet from one thousand two hundred b. C. E. Suggests that the worlds first chemist was to put. In addition to creating perf humans she developed an operators for distilling liquids modern versions of her invention are still in use today. In around the year four hundred hypatia of alexandria was a mathematician and the first woman to give University Lectures in philosophy and astronomy she was killed by a mob of christian fanatics. Her murder was recorded in the history books but her science. If it gets chief minutes were not over the centuries women made many more contributions to science. In seven hundred eighty six german born astronomer Caroline Harold became the first woman to discover a comet. But female scientists continue to be denied the recognition they deserved. Another prominent example is british mathematician ada lovelace she was little appreciated in her time but shes now seen as a pioneer of computer science. In eight hundred forty three she developed the first algorithm for the analytical engine a theoretical prototype of the modern digital computer shes often called the worlds first programmer. Marie curie did enjoy recognition for her groundbreaking work on radioactivity the polish born scientists share the one nine hundred three nobel prize in physics and later also won the prize for chemistry. A string physicist liza meitner was crucially involved in the discovery of Nuclear Fusion but was not honored with a nobel prize. The same is true of british chemists Rosalind Franklin who produced the first x. Ray picture of the d. N. A. Molecule vital for identifying its structure. Since the introduction of the nobel prize is one hundred eighteen years ago only three percent of the awards for science have gone to women. And only one has gone to a german woman Cristiana Newsline fall hard with a prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the genetics of fruit flies. Most recently twenty eighteen saw canadas Donna Strickland becoming the first woman in fifty five years to secure the nobel prize in physics for her pioneering work on pulse lasers and. Many female scientists are sharing their stories under the hash tag women in science de lay talking about their work and telling others why they chose to pursue a career in research by. The way its very. Brave science is fascinating for every child with a boy or girl that was the message at the heart of the uns International Day of women and girls in science this year which took place on february eleventh. Its goal is to substantially raise the number of women active in research in a range of disciplines. Female scientists also took to instagram to talk about their experiences the channel women doing science introduced a different female researcher every week in an effort to banish stereotypes can ashit bishop for example is a molecular biologist at the university of miami in the us. And the lab her work focuses on the genetic factors that play a role in the development of Breast Cancer and in a free time she volunteers as a mentor for young women interested in careers in Science Technology engineering and mathematics. Not a limb from thailand is pursuing a doctorate in paleoclimatology. Research focuses on the andes and the impacts of Climate Change in the south American Mountain range. Where could help us better understand archaeological discoveries. Not he is also an artist and she wants to use her to make science accessible to a wider public. Parmly a b. Is a neuroscientist who also conducts research into respiratory illnesses like asthma shes passionate about the sciences and. Has set up a nonprofit to help promote them powerful women changing the face of research. Yummy gross taste isnt a vigil we all know that there is some things like pits or appeal to lots of people other foods have fewer fans researchers are now looking into why we like the taste that we like and why they change throughout our lives. Our sense of taste begins to develop long before were able to eat food. Fights for were shaped prenatally through the amniotic fluid that the fetus drinks whatever the mother eats influences the taste of the amniotic fluid this is for. The nutrition scientist in switzerland studies how our sense of taste develops throughout our lives. We have relatively few and stinks when it comes to taste at birth the only thing were born with is a preference for sweetness and the version to bear ness. When it comes to sour innocence faultiness is something in between newborns reject better tasting things because its a signal watch out thats poison and we like sweet things because they promise to be energy rich breast milk also tastes slightly sweet. Most of our other taste preferences are learned as young children. Or power does like a painting with layers that get added over time. Because we have our prenatal imprinting from the amniotic fluid and then we experience our mothers milk which tastes a little different every day. Doesnt like the background color of a painting that becomes more richly detailed and more colorful over the course of our lives. We get to know what our parent. And siblings are eating fish so were exposed to a palette of flavors and those are what we learn to enjoy it. Wont last. And genes can play a role for example when it comes to recognizing better tastes a variety of receptor cells help us to distinguish flavors of kit just mentioned to have an idea im good for some people are born with a higher number of taste receptors for betterness just hastie should make their more sensitive to better taste these and please find when children have more of the three sectors but we lose some of them over the course of our lives. Children are much more sensitive to bitterness and all thieves and thats why they tend to prefer gummy bears to brussels sprouts. Tours in court. For. A child learns to eat different food spy observing the people around them and that helps determine their likes and dislikes. But the fussy phase many children pass through is a normal part of development. In the ages of two or three and six we go through a stage that psychologists call neo phobia the fear of anything new. Thats something that evolution has equipped us with does much of saying that it makes sense because its dangerous to eat something when we dont know if it will agree with us or not but any heat based child has to try something new eight some people even say sixteen times before theyll accept it before as it can so for a while children often prefer soft bland tasting foods like plain pasta. Over time they learn to like more things. But this also depends on culture. Context in germany children might grow up with a preference for cheese sausage and bread. While in italy pizza pasta and tomatoes might be more enticing. In other words we like what were used to. The all singing we dont like certain foods because they taste good instead foods taste good because theyre what we eat our food preferences are culturally learned a lot and. Oh. Sometimes a bright idea isnt. A multitasker. Maybe you know. Its easy to laugh at the misfortunes of others even when it hurts them and even from greece sent in a question about pain and as always weve got the onset. Our fastest pain travel. Very fast a spouse is the bottom and like the rescuers pain has no time to lose it has to race to get to the place where its processed to the brain. Which. An injury is first registered in a sensory neuron the nervous system conducts the pain stimulus to the command center in the brain. A cue fight is always a sign of danger so pain is the bodys way of protecting itself and that has to happen fast. Research is of calculated that certain pain signals can travel up to one hundred ten Kilometers Per Hour. That would make the pain a speedy is the fastest model on earth the cheetah. To compare ones. Bring to you same boat broke a one hundred metres world record the only clock forty four Kilometers Per Hour that means you could be i would say compile rhinocerous which can do fifty. So no signals all pretty fast its possible to estimate their speed with the help of an equation. Or six of the nerve fiber the faster the pain signal is conducted. And why is it useful to know all of this. To minimize the time it takes medication to take effect. If outlet is read why auburn latin even if they. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted answered it were happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. Youll find us on line at d w dot com slash science and of course on twitter and facebook. Google is a fascinating animal in many parts of europe it was wiped out long ago but now its being reintroduced in germany over the protests of livestock farming is. Humans have crowded out many wild animals especially large predators all over the world a major challenge for environmentalists is defusing fears about the dangers they pose and the damage that can cause thats the focus of a project going on in south america. The wide expanse is of the Andes Mountain range are home to a spooky looking animal. This spectacle bear also known as the andean there. Locals are all too familiar with the only bare native to south america. It features prominently in local legends. But very few people have actually seen one in the wild. Spectacle bears live almost exclusively in remote regions of the andes. When humans hack their fields further into the mountains especially near perus Manu National park they often find traces left by the animals. Because of shank and oksana from the Frankfurt Zoological Society are inspecting a field the farmer says a bare eight eighty years of corn in a single night. Its a real pain to have bears eating my corn. Especially when they come back for more. They closed off early august is used to this problem but in the course of his life the raids by the animals have become less frequent. Or used to have more bad coming to the fields and gobbling up everything. Today i hardly ever see them. Probably because there are a lot more people here now. And in the past some farmers took things into their own hands and killed the animals. Conflicted with in conflicts with the bears or cat fairly often here at the edges of the National Park especially in remote fields the damage can be tremendous and the band is seen as a real past but sometimes its other animals that are causing the damage to the corn but the bands get blamed for it usually. Rodents and birds are also partial to the corn. Roxane out of us wants to know exactly who is feeding on the field. And her camera promptly catches this spectacle and hungry looking bear. People living in the indian villages do so in close proximity to the bears todays children will decide the fate of future generations of the animals thats why the Frankfurt Zoological Society has set up an Environmental Education program at the local Elementary School with lecturers study groups and games the idea is to improve the bears image so that these children will be more tolerant towards them than their parents are. They were told that the bass spread seeds important for treat Diversity Bank and the question why is that important the answer they produce oxygen. And this is an Elementary School in a remote valley in the andes it was all some. Understanding the full picture can help change opinions a simple concept that is bearing fruit. Very little is known about the spectacled bears habits. Primarily because its so hard to track them down in the rough mountainous terrain. The total population of this species has been estimated to be at most ten thousand adult animals but the figures are uncertain. That it. Looks an awful has would like to have more precise numbers for her study area the spectacled bears tend to settle in the cloud forest at medium elevations so she set up a scent in front of a camera trap. From her. Even researchers like her rarely get to see the bears face to face. I have. Twice thrice encounters in four years of work here. That makes the camera traps all the more important the devices are the researchers hidden eyes. With their help roxana haas was able to identify only nine spectacled bears the good news was they had offspring in tow. A ray of hope for these elusive residents of the andes. Thats it for now but join us again next week when well be looking far back in time to the origins of the planet mercury see them on tomorrow today by. Liberal and film festival. Three portraits of three talented women. Actresses you know marie of in money from norway. Filmmaker dont go and go from zimbabwe. And photographer theyre good labor from germany. Focus on women at the beverly not. Coming on the long w. Functionality of clarity. House. Perfect is static for living and pressing. The berlin label brockman is inspired by architecture and creates timeless be in two. Thousand on the mood. Of the romance thirty minutes on d w. O of obscene wealth. Indias new mom rajas allow fleeting glimpses of it. The subcontinent economic boom has made them billionaires. Out there reveling in their lives fortunes. Come to music which moves. The most raw just a vision to start figuring to come d. W. Its a matter. Of money. Frankfurt. International gateway to the best connections of you know road and rail. Located in the heart of europe you are connected to the whole world. Experience outstanding shopping and dining offers and try our services. Be allat guest at Frankfurt Airport city managed by from. Nigeria has postponed president ial elections due to be held today the countrys Electoral Commission said the vote would be delayed by one week due to unspecified challenges that had been concerns about security ahead of the vote more than sixty people were reportedly killed in religious clashes in nigerias northwest earlier this week