Experience takes some people to the remotest parts of the globe. But for those whove been there and done that is just such a pest so entrepreneurs are now investing in Space Tourism future travelers could experience zero gravity for anything from a few minutes to a few days it looks set to become a booming business. Because big plans but the challenges they face are even bigger tests that c. E. O. Iran mufc wants to build a city on mars. Amazon finder jeff bezos wants to fly to mars on the moon with his company blue arjun taking paying customers along for the ride. British entrepreneur Richard Branson also believes Space Tourism is set to take off in his Virgin Galactic customers could one day pay two hundred thousand dollars to be experience five minutes of zero. Privacy in space are these just off the wall ideas like dreams. We ask. Hes currently setting up a space museum near the swiss and she of zurich. He just may also want to billions are being pumped into this is that anything more than a dream. Need to take it seriously if you look at space x. For example musk set up the company in two thousand and two with thirty employees in two thousand and eight they celebrated their First Successful launch today the company has seven thousand employees and has already launched more than forty rockets at the store to. Liftoff docking world in march last year space x. Became the first to relaunch a used rocket into space it was the start of a new era in space flight the booster rocket separated from its payload and returned to earth ready for reuse its a breakthrough that stands to vastly cut the price of space travel. To face us and Richard Branson companies are also focusing on recycling one look at the figures reveals a huge difference in price. Under not a Space Shuttle program a single launch cost around four hundred fifty Million Dollars the fleet was retired in two thousand and eleven the ariane five the european launch vehicle costs up to two hundred twenty Million Dollars each time by comparison launching the falcon nine the space x. Rocket costs just sixty two Million Dollars. So a lot less but ilan musk is confident that with the usable rockets he can cut the price by a factor of one hundred its not yet clear whether thats realistic or not but simply announcing it up the pressure on states own space agencies in the u. S. And europe. These are called the European Space agency has announced its building the area on six rockets thats purely because of these new players that have come up with more Cost Effective options for the area on five is perfectly functional and very reliable but its relatively expensive to run so thats why theyre now developing a rocket for the lower priced segment. Than into the clip. The pressure to cut costs is being felt across the industry the Swiss Tech Company ruadh is manufacturing the nose cone for the fix the c. E. O. Says you need to undercut the competition by twenty to thirty percent to get awarded a contract now. But on the Positive Side the lower prices have also opened up new markets. Guns for in the same in the past we only work for state owned Enterprises Like the European Space agency but commercial orders now make up half of all our work. Ethic a shinning in space might sound like the stuff of Science Fiction but the First Space Hotel is due to launch in twenty twenty one while in the past it was mainly National Governments that were the driving force of space travel now private companies have joined the race for the stars. Incidentally that space hotel is already taking reservations for me is sixty eight thousand euro deposit the Building Materials are due for liftoff in twenty twenty one just one year later the hotel is slated to open for business. Guests will have to pay over eight Million Euros for their stay though. Luxury service and for the financial elite. So with you spend your holiday in space we put that question to you. Sixty percent said yeah bring it on ten percent willis keen on the idea and fifty percent prefer to keep their feet firmly on the ground. Our view is on facebook told us where their Top Destinations in space would be. Said hed like to go straight into a black hope not sure we can recommend that. It Still Matters for the gratis ones to check out mas but not leave behind all the comforts of earth. As a species has always been fascinated by the stars throughout Human History the lights in the night sky have given birth to myths and legends. Weve now moved far beyond they mean stars though with modern methods we can even find out exactly what theyre made of. But how will it tomorrow today wanted to know more. Father held from iraq wants to know. How do scientists determine the chemical composition of faraway stars. By the one thing i met split into its color components light forms a continuous spectrum. When light impinges on atoms or molecules a portion of it is absorbed that create black lines a distinct frequency. In some ways its like a fingerprint. All the elements in a store leave their fingerprint in the light spectrum that it emits. These spectra can differ greatly thats because the cocktail of elements that make up a star changes. Over time. This is what the spectrum produced by our own sun looks like. Powerful telescopes like the very large telescope in chile can pick up the light fingerprints of stars with great precision. They are equipped with spectrometers to analyze the frequencies of the light from particular stars and its intensity this tells us a lot. As well as showing the chemical composition of stars there spectra offer insights into the stars origin and its history. Like people stormers have life cycles from birth to death. When a storm or dies its outer shell is objected into space the clouds of gas and dust that creates provides the raw material for the next generation of stars like so many others our sun is made up of recycled star matter which we discovered by looking at its light spectrum. If you have a science question you can submit it on our website. If we answer it on the show you get out d. V. D. Featuring a lighthearted look at albert einsteins most famous theories. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. Moving from the depths of space to the depths of the sea. And a growing global problem. Plastic one study has shown that three out of four fish course at a depth of five hundred mi says in the atlantic have plastic in their digestive tracts of large Scale Production of polymers began back in the one nine hundred fifty s. So some of the trash still polluting our lakes privates and oceans is up to seventy years. Old. This bush is setting off on a Research Journey along the rhine river on board a scientists from the German Institute of hydrology. They here to look for micro plastics in the water no one knows just how severely this kind of pollution is affecting germanys rivers and lakes. Among other things the team wants to find out more about how micro plastics have impacted the environment over time plastic only began appearing in large quantities in the one nine hundred fifty s. The scientists expect the sediment in the river to reflect that. We need a location where we would expect to find a natural set of interrogation process occurring weve identified two spots where we hope to go in quite deep to get clearly defined layers over time then we should be able to establish the point where plastic starts appearing in the sediment. In Research Terms the search for micro plastics in the rhine takes the scientists into uncharted territory. The water flows slowly at the Northern Edge of an island in the river its an ideal spot for deposits of fine grained sentiment to form. The researches are in luck. Down into the riverbed. They then extract the core sample the sediment is almost all sand its still too early to tell if it contains micro plastics. Thats a common i think its almost certain that will find plastic in the top layers at least a few plastic particles that. The team also hopes to determine the age of the sediment and of any. But that will take a more thorough evaluation. Four hundred kilometers to the east the source of the mine rivonia by reut downstream from a Water Treatment plant. He had to research as a looking for micro plastics scientists are finding as many tiny plastic particles in europes clearest lakes as they are on its heavily frequented seaside beaches thats come as a surprise. On the mind theyve hit paydirt. A lawyer fixing it up from going fine polypropylene most followed by polystyrene and p. T. That is fibers and polyethylene which is a pretty common polymer yes but those. Those Synthetic Materials may also contain harmful substances once the particles are in the water a Treatment Plant is of little use them again a lot of Treatment Plant like this is not designed to filter out micro plastics it only removes organic materials and detergents from sewage. Into larger. Water fleas are an important source of food for fish the tiny christians normally eat healthy animal ecologist Christian Laforce is seeing what happens when he feeds them plastic particles as well. He discovers the water fleas cant tell the difference between the two and will ingest both the forces also discovered micro plastics and worms snails and muscles. The researcher uses u. V. Light to illuminate the plastic particles inside the water fleas body under the microscope they glow orange. Number four nickel plastic at the moment theres a lot of discussion about what happens when a different organisms consume micro plastics obviously anything that sharp can damage the digestive tract but we also hypothesize that certain additives that plastics contain can be absorbed from the digestive tract into the body with negative consequences and. That means the toxins contained in plastic could make their way into fish so they into the food chain that ends on our plates. This is what we know is that in every area of the environment weve looked at so far we found micro plastics but we dont yet know to what extent theyre broken down or how they decompose in the environment. By now we may therefore be dealing not only with micro plastics but with nano plastics and the smaller the particles the higher the chance that these particles will make their way out of the digestive tract and into other living tissues in to give you. That certainly what the researchers from the Hydrology Institute suspect. According to one study the rhine contains more micro plastics than any other river in the world. Unfortunately in this instance the research is werent able to put it days on the sediment they collected. But finding plastics in their core samples is still. Important discovery not a very surprising one says biologist georg reifferscheid. Were finding plastic particles in every section of waterway in the country particularly in the sediments these particles sink into. And organisms live in the sediment so they consume these particles. More research is needed to determine just how much of a danger plastic particles posed to humans but one thing is Clear Plastics have an impact on ecosystems and the risks associated with pollution have been underestimated before. Now its time to talk about your secret habits. Habits tend to be viewed as bad but actually we humans would struggle to get by without them. Routines provide an Important Foundation that allows us to focus on the really important stuff. They go almost unnoticed even if the brain is busy working the whole time. But. For most people the day starts with a series of routines we dont even have to think about how we get dressed or how hard to squeeze that tube of toothpaste all those activities have become habits. Some routines come to us so naturally that we can perform several tasks at once and labeling us to leave the house on schedule. But what if we didnt have routines. Life would be very difficult indeed wed have to concentrate on each individual action in order to get it right we wouldnt be able to do two things at once everything would take much longer. Luckily our brain transforms our repeated daily ten. Asks into habits. It takes note when weve successfully completed an action sending a signal as if to say well done. Initially an action requires our full concentration which takes place in the brains prefrontal cortex its cognitive control center. But once an action has been performed over and over we get stored in deeper brain regions associated with automatic behavior. But its a very clever arrangement one that frees up our conscious mind for new and more important tasks. Like filtering information. And making decisions. If we didnt have automatic behavior our brains would be constantly overwhelmed. Thanks to routine though we can switch to autopilot so to speak and just get on with our day. So without the need to pay too much attention to basic repetitive tasks we can concentrate on more important things allowing us to perform complicated tasks correctly and safely. Ten of mt put trade in walt disneys famous animated film the jungle book is not just the stuff of stories again and again there have been reports of children actually raised by wolves or dogs. And in fact human and wolf social structures have a number of things in common both live in family units for example but wild dogs are often referred to as mans best friend when it comes to their wild canine relatives opinions are strongly divided. The wolf is back since the started. New millennium bear numbers have been rising in here in so many farmers thats not good news. Weve lost about forty animals and seven attacks we just live in fear now. Pharmacare youngcare from northern germany doesnt want wolves near his property not so his neighbor kenny kenner he advises local farmers on how to deal with wolves he never worries about his personal safety. We have no reports of wolves behaving aggressively towards humans in germany i dont know if you can grow that people can or is out in the state forest looking for the wild canine the wolf expert wants to know where the park has its lair he can spend days walking through the forest looking for their traces finally he finds something. Or uses fresh from last night after wolves like to mark their territory have crossed over points as a sign to other wall is a promising find. You know it was to pressure this boy has a typical woman. Who i can see theres a lot of hair in it and bones to. A wolf eats the entire animal with the boredom of horton hong but the feces dont only reveal what the wolf has eaten kenya sends the sample to the research institute. Here the biologists study the d. N. A. To identify individual wall. The sample shows that this wolf is new in the area. You really get it isnt it doesnt through these genetic studies were trying to find out how many walls we have how many individuals how many packs we cant tell that just by looking at the animals or photographing them this genetic examination gives us an individual fingerprints that allows us to differentiate between individual wards. Most of germanys wolves are descended from a single mating pair that migrated from farther east during the one nine hundred ninety s. Others came up from the alps in the south germany now has seventy packs an estimated five hundred wolves in total. Human beings so their greatest threat most of those killed are run over by carts or hunted even though thats illegal in europe the World Wildlife fund says at least twenty five wolves have been illegally shot and killed in germany in recent years hunters seawall as a rival. Pharmacy them as a threat get younger says the carnivores have ravaged his flocks. They just carry on killing for the fun of it its not uncommon to have six twelve or even fifteen animals killed in one night then you have to clean up the mess the next day animals that youve raised with blood sweat and tears they just become food for the walls while out. In the meadow its not on. The farm it does receive compensation from local authorities but the wolves pose an additional worry and create extra work has electric fences protecting his flocks and guard dogs which he first had to train. Keep six livestock guardian dogs purely because of the wharves you should try getting six dogs over night and see how much work it involves the daughter the farmers feel let down by the authorities theyre calling for wolves to be shot if they kill sheep or cattle in two thousand and sixteen one hundred forty one farm animals were killed in the state of lower saxony alone. But experts believe that up to half of those were killed by dogs wolves saliva found on their dead animal can now reveal the exact canine culprit provided the scientists can get a d. N. A. Sample thats fresh enough. To. Work as a lot like human forensics used in criminal investigation. You treated just like a crime scene only in this case youre dealing with sheep and wall snob humans. We face the same challenges we have to find the right traces to get a reliable result again. The fact is wolves are slowly increasing in number in europes forests and fields and farmers will have to be on the lookout in future so kenny kind of works hard to advise them on how they can best protect their livestock even if theyve never had to deal with moves to for. Ive never had a problem with wolves but i have huge problems with dogs. Free roaming dogs often jump fences and wreaked havoc amongst the sheep. On the other hand will stick clear of a fence as long as its got enough electricity running through it. Dont jump fences to try to slip underneath instead if a wolf receives an electric shock itll never go near the fence again that means the farmer is training the wolves in the area and they learn that she and a viable prey and simply ignore them. But that only works if the flock has been fenced in before the wolf gets a chance to discover her good tastes protecting life stop involves a little more effort than shooting the wolves but its surely the best solution for farmers. Before human beings began farming on a major scale moves with the most widely distributed of all none based predators. They could be found across the entire Northern Hemisphere from icy wastes to baking deserts. But during the last century humans practically wiped out in many countries now theyve made a comeback particularly in the u. S. Canada and central asia. For more exciting stories from the world of science and research. And of course you can always get in touch on twitter or facebook wed love to hear from you. That wrap things up for this week but join us again next time when we go behind the scenes in health care lots of the procedures that doctors perform injecting clamping have equivalence in nature we meet up with a medical expert for a look at the worst snakes and fish providing models. On tomorrow today. The be. The but. The but. The but. The be. Able to. The toll. On. The ball. In malaysia pictures from breaking. The islamic. Tradition malaysian feature. On. The carriage that he has to draw on things that are not politically correct and the settings that supposedly the good muslims want god to bed i think is the relevant. Time for an upgrade. From the Church Clothes on by. Our house with no. Law school or design highlights you can make yourself. And skip some tricks that will turn your home to something special. The brain. Yourself with the w. s interior design channel on you tube. We make up about three quarters of conflicts that undoes educates we ought to some of the surface of the game want to shape the continents future to. Be part of the broken youngsters testings share their stories their dreams and their challenges the first seventy seven percent to the platform for such a charge. Against. The issues is respect to. Be assumed to play a. Game. Presumably the sudras play the blood the first place blame blame blame blame blame blame blame blame blame blame blame substance blame blame blame the bold mum misled the bottom up. But love and respect. Players play. This is deja vu news or live from berlin italy plunges into political chaos the populist partys bid to form a government collapses the Prime Minister elect steps aside after italys president rejects his choice of a euro skeptic or economics minister well go live to rome also coming up. No clear winner in colombias president ial elections setting the stage for a divisive run off between a conservative and a former communist