A stunning variety of organisms each striving to reproduce some of them dont even need a partner to produce offspring in others the father bears the young and it turns out that in sexual reproduction the conventional model of two genetic parents doesnt always hold true at least in plants. Humans have one genetic mother and one genetic father the same generally goes for the rest of the animal world but new Research Shows that things can be different for plants it turns out that fail cress plants occasionally exhibit different numbers of chromosomes. Molecular biologist reject goals heart and her team at braman university suspected that they could have a mother and two fathers now the research is have been able to prove it. But of the fourteen contacts during the fertilizer nation process an excel can infuse with more than one sperm see. We describe this red process as poly spermy whats special about this is that the process of police isnt lethal but can actually lead to viable offspring. Provided some two Million Euros of funding for the project the biggest challenge was actually proving that there were a tri parental plant scientists employed a genetic trick. They disconnected to gene elements that are necessary to confer herbicide resistance and introduce them separately into two different plants. Then they collected pollen from that father number one and father number two and used to pollinate the flower of the third mother plant in the by paternal seedlings with the contributions from both fathers the resistance gene is activated meaning they can survive treatment with herbicide the model paternal ones cannot clear evidence that there are plants that have two fathers. Weve examined over half a million progeny to determine if they have two or three parents until solved weve established that plants rarely have three parents. Only one in ten thousand in fact. I am. The discovery of these natural anomalies could prove highly useful in the Agricultural Industry three parent plant breeding has the potential to give rise to new plant lines with more chromosomes. In conventional plant breeding crosspollination often results in compatibility reactions these could perhaps be partly avoided with three parent plant reading allowing us to generate new plant combinations for agricultural crops and ornamental plant markets. Start recently begun work on a Pilot Project with the book by a Science Company for ninety years the focus of the Family Business has been on cultivation by paternal plants could help the Company Start breeding new types of all kids while abiding by a new law and avoiding genetic engineering. Because of our aim is to introduce those orange type as large blossoms in an orchid if we could combine the large flowers with a fragrance wed have types that dont exist on the market. The company isnt alone in pinning its hopes on new technology breeders of canola and other crop plants are also interested in its potential. The researchers believe that the phenomenon of three parent plant breeding has played an Important Role in plant evolution. In the wild poly spermy has many benefits for plants it results in strong growth and also means theyre better adapted to the environment costs and. The scientists intend to carry on researching by paternal plant breeding every tickles hearts and her team can contribute to the development of new plant lines their years of work will have borne useful fruit. What makes science advance many researchers leave the lab and head out on expeditions sometimes to remarkable places like the icy poles or they seek the object of their research in more hot tropical rain forests or under extreme conditions in a dusty desert. But the scientists who study phenomena beyond our solar system have to rely on very different methods. Throughout Human History we have gazed up at those twinkling points of light in the sky and wondered about their number researches today estimate there are at least one hundred billion galaxies with a septillion stance thats a one followed by twenty four zeroes many of these distant suns have planets orbiting around them over the past twenty years modern telescopes have found three thousand five hundred planets outside our solar system in our galaxy. And the number of known exoplanets is rising fast we can even estimate how many of them might be like the earth then if you go out at night and count five stars one two three four five then one out of five stars is another sun that could have a planet like ours. And and with billions of stars in our galaxy the milky way alone. Well its just so exciting to search for life in the universe. Lisa cult an egg dreams of finding life on an exoplanet like many other astrophysicists the planet hunter at Cornell University in the u. S. Is looking for the proverbial needle in a haystack. The object of her search an exoplanet resembling earth in the socalled habitable zone of its sun well equipped water can exist on its surface. In old lake within the present we know of about three dozen planets that are the right distance from their sons not our sun but other stars and they are incredibly hard to find on the. One hundred earths next to each other of the diameter of the sun so were talking about something really tiny. The planet bar away from us. The key to hunting down these tiny planets that could be light years away is the light from the stars they orbit modern detectors can measure the starlight with great sensitivity like the senses are not as kepler missions since two thousand and nine theyve led to the discovery of numerous exoplanets. This is how it works when an exoplanet passes in front of its star it blocks a small part of the starlight during its transit. This tiny dip in the light level can be detected and given the regularity and the extent of the darkening astrophysicists calculate the duration of the planets orbit its mass and science. Telescopes at the european southern observatory in chile and nasa space telescopes use this method to discover an entire planetary system depth trappist one. This is what it may look like seven planets roughly the size of the earth and three or four of them could potentially. Life. Has been going around up there with basically im an optimist and i believe if there is life out there we will track it down in the next few years. All. Im really excited. This is a watershed in Human History like the copernican revolution when we learned that the earth is not the center of the universe and now we will hopefully find out whether were alone or not. Lengthened or that. She expects a breakthrough soon the James Webb Space Telescope is due to be launched in twenty twenty a collaboration by nasa the European Space agency and the Canadian Space agency webb will be the first to pick up faint signals that could help pinpoint life. And under construction at the european southern observatory is the extremely large telescope its expected to start operating in twenty twenty four to get a detailed look at planets circling other stars. The worlds biggest particle accelerator is the large hadron collider a twenty seven kilometer long ring of one hundred meters underground. And the European Organization for Nuclear Research or cern some investigations are geared to finding a kind of particle that particularly interested one of our viewers. From mexico wants to know. What is anti matter. Every subatomic particle has an empty particle and the anti matter form of the electron is the positron its a mirror world with Similar Properties to the world of ordinary matter with one big difference matter and anti matter of opposite charges. And when the two collide they annihilate one another. In the famous equation named after him physicist paul direct predicted the existence of anti. In one thousand nine hundred twenty eight. The current hypothesis is that matter and antimatter were formed in equal amounts in the big bang but soon after an imbalance grew in favor of matter otherwise we probably wouldnt exist. But we do why does the visible universe mainly consist of ordinary matter is anti matter different or other entire worlds made of anti matter. This giant magnet can detect anti helium nuclei particles that would provide evidence of anti matter in space it went into operation in twenty eleven on the International Space station but it still hasnt found any of the particles. In Science Fiction anti matter is often portrayed as a dangerous weapon. But have no fear gigantic apparatus is a required to generate just a few atoms of anti matter and storing them before they are annihilated is an even greater challenge. If you have a science question go to our website and send it in if we answer it on the show youll get a d. V. D. Featuring a lighthearted look at albert einsteins most famous theories. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. And we never stop asking you questions like this one on facebook what is your favorite smell. Kamil kumar says it has to be the fresh smell of spring when everything wakes up from winter hibernation early hossein favorite smell is the scent of the night blooming jasmine. Clinton met trio prefers lavender. On the other hand part of my mohammads favorite aroma is that of strawberry. And mortar syrup bashir in mar loves the smell of sand after it rains. A good sense of smell is hugely import. And for humans and other animals protecting us against spoiled food for example. But humans have poor smelling ability when compared with other animals and thats why scientists are listing the help of some real old factory experts. In this berlin city park researchers are out looking for hedgehogs extensive Agricultural Land use istream king when a turn of creatures natural habitat and forcing them to establish new to Wellington City parks and gardens thus the fact that then makes it harder you have to go out at night when the most active but hedgehogs can hear and smell incredibly well as soon as one notices youre approaching it will scuttle straight off into the bushes where its almost impossible to find. Ecologists down a burger is taking a close look at this little critter. To clarify family relationships she takes saliva samples for genetic testing and other barratry then they tag the creatures and weigh them unfortunately this little guy is the only one theyve been able to catch this time its not a very effective way of going about the task so a better method is called for. Hoping phina is the answer. Has trained the australian shepherd dog to sniff out hedgehogs she came up with the solution after learning about dogs in other countries being used to detect hiding out in malls. It was a far to big advantage is that the dogs help you look during the daytime so they can take you straight to the hedgehogs nest so we can map out their whereabouts without disturbing them while they sleep ive just. Seen or has to show them where the animals are by lying down. To be reliable pheno has to practice regularly in special training courses. Like this one in the eiffel region. The program is called now isnt course for sniffer school. Dogs dont have any problem smelling. The challenge is to train them which of the thousands of voters around to pinpoint and how to go about it. Time to get to work. Fifteen is given several objects to choose from they all have distinctive scents plant pots water pistols and hedgehogs spines to reinforce the target scent fini gets a reward whenever she locates the spines. What. The clicker reinforces that she got it right then she gets a treat. Freeness done for the day now a colleague a truffle hound gets his turn he exercises refine a dogs ability to focus on one specific scent. Or harvest Border Collie fosco has even been working with a pest controller for the past year learning how to track bed bugs. Hides them to see if osco can find them. Fosco shows hes found the sample by remaining very still. Which. A reward is very important and mustnt be overlooked it confirms the dogs performed well one fema second the trainers raise the bar. They place a hedgehog skin in a large garden plot for the canine sleuth to find. Its hidden among fountains of unfamiliar and enticing smells. Of the canine has to concentrate on the hedgehog scent and this time she has to display a new alerting behavior instead of lying down she has to stare at the exact location where on a bag it can find the skin. A masterful performance by fener. Back in berlin shes ready for her next assignment and a back up plans to continue to head child cunt tonight. For you know scouts the area for their nests. She soon finds one even though she performs the wrong alerting behavior lying down instead of staring at the spot she still gets her reward. On a bag that marks the spot and loves its g. P. S. Coordinates so she can find it later that night. Hours later. Than that. Exactly where pheno showed us you know and think well lets get these additional out what if it is more effective and faster this way you know locates many more head child so we can do our work more rapidly mockney its also much more fun to have such a nice four legged colleague working alongside me. And while science takes its course phoenix can take a much deserved snooze. By the way african elephants have an even better sense of smell than dogs as japanese researchers discovered recently but the packet terms might be a bit too big to help sniff out hedgehogs. In the year seventy nine a d Mount Vesuvius erupted and engulfed the roman city of pompei the film of that name reconstructs the devastating event but the volcano didnt just destroy buildings the material it spewed up in a fiery eruption has an enduring secret we head to italy to find out more. Rain movie. Tunnel city the coliseum is two thousand years old the pantheon likewise its rich under is made of concrete and lighter than normal density the romans pioneered the use of concrete italy is full of Historic Buildings that have withstood the ravages of time what exactly makes them so extraordinary durable is an interesting question but one thats only been australia to very recently. And its to the fact that the modern technology of concrete starts developing the late fiftys saw when the realize that the way they produce the concrete was not the smartest way they started to think ok lets see which is the secret of the ancient greeks from rome. Here is an ancient thermal bath geologist giulio cap electee demonstrates just how robust it is the lower part you will see these irregular blocks of neapolitan yellowed off that are mixing together with the mortars which is made by. Law and mixed together this is the neapolitan a lot off the rock in this is the mortar you can see that sometimes the top is eroded while the mortar is Still Standing very tough but the key ingredient in roman cement originates from a volcanic area and in naples the term pots are lining ash comes from the name of the town of Parkes Woolley we are right in the middle of a volcano its called completely gray flickering fields and all of these hills that you see here are built by volcanic eruption that took place from thirty nine thousand to forty thousand years ago volcanic eruption supplied the romans with an abundance of Building Materials tough limestone and pots of money cash. If. And the roman already know how to use them to produce very light concrete in order to me the buildings such as the pantheon in rome that uses these the can if you put in order you will float because its volcanic glass full of pores and you see here you have more sandy its use it for the mixing with lime to obtain the concrete and this is the real good one he has a lot of properties and the most important one is that its almost the last saw ready to react with other constituents to build the new phrases that are responsible within the concrete of their strength less of their resistance professor kept letting in a team of international researches at the university of nate holes are examining why exactly the volcanic material made when concrete said jurors will. Basically we take a look at the fresh class which is this move surface. Represent the people salonica material at their starting condition you can spot from the in their left sides that something start to crystallize within the poorest of the volcanic glass so the glass is turning into something else. Thats whats known as the pots and manic reaction and the volcanic glass is so reactive that crystalline structures for minutes polls they stabilize the cement and also make it highly water resistant the formation of these be cured mineral aluminum to verbalise which is responsible cording to our study to the strength thats the real secret for roman concrete in the northern italian city of pergamon such as hope to use this ancient knowledge to improve modern day concrete tiles on your soul and for us was very important because for. On the roman concret the qualities we can learn and what the modern concrete can be. The romans made this top product despite having no killings that could reach temperatures of one thousand five hundred degrees celsius instead they harness the power of the volcano which practically pre roasted the pot ceramic ash. Was created by their own martirio the temperature over one thousand so it is the agree on so using of experience made by the romans we can have some point salonica samantha the death. Of c o two emission for its production but unfortunately naturally pretty roasted material such as puts a lana is rare thats why research is a looking for alternatives for example using fly ash a by product produced by coal combustion. We have reinvented of the mother making and thinking of this experience and within it in the new congress and thats has been very interesting looking into the past and for me for the new concrete there of the future naturally future Construction Materials are expected to be more first to tile than ancient cement the romans may have invented lightweight cement cement that can light up thats pretty cool too. For more from the world of science visit our web site and dont forget to get in touch with us on twitter and facebook wed love to hear from you. Thats all for today next week well see how researchers identify a medieval mummy its not only modern imaging techniques they have to find a living relative of the mummy and compare their d. N. A. Well get the result next time we hope youll join us by. Move. Move move. Move move move. Move. Move. Move. Move move. Move. Move. Move. Move. Move move. Move. Move. Casanova greater mathematician dr a lot inventor philosopher alchemy priest diplomat spikes and of course seducer historys most famous lover now has his own museum in the heart of the city and. Magic show come a single. Multimedia installation that takes you back to late eighteenth century venice zero moves in thirty minutes on d w. Time for an upgrade to. The. Os with. Design highlights you can make your soup. Cans tips and tricks that will turn your home to some especially. The brochure. So with de w. s interior design channel on you tube. How to cover more than just one reality. Where i come from we have a transatlantic way of looking at things thats because my father is from germany my mother is from the United States of america and so i realized fairly early that it makes sense to explain different realities. And now here at the heart of the European Union in brussels we have twenty eight different realities and so i think people are really looking forward and need journalists they can trust for them to make sense of. Pride in his box office work at the w. May the dangerous battlefield images. Five women. Five exceptional stories. A son or i want to look at the. Play and maybe nothing not easy one calling more photography dramatic pictures from the frontlines capturing streets full moments in time and even risking death. She gave her life to tell the stories of people who ended up killing. Women or photographers starting may third on d w. This is d. W. News live from berlin accusations fly over an alleged poison gas attack in syria moscow invites International Chemical weapons experts to inspect the alleged site of the attack saying its found no evidence it actually happened this has President Trump threatens to strike Syrian Military targets the office of President Trumps personal attorney is raided by the f. B. I. Trump lashes out calling it a witch hunt to undermine his presidency. And chancellor im going back home calls for top ministers away on a two day were treat