Causes tuberculosis the disease remains a scourge to this day to raise awareness the w. H. O. Marks will to be day every year on march twenty fourth. Poor countries in particular see high numbers of new cases many of them a multi resistant strains that cant be treated with antibiotics. We visit one hard hit country in Eastern Europe ukraine. This somber assessing is home to the boy a car sanatorium in the ukrainian capital kiev more than one hundred fifty tuberculosis patients are undergoing treatment here many have a multi drug resistant form of the disease this means the drugs used to combat the pathogen have little or no effect. The sixty eight year old whod previously enjoyed good health only learned of his condition by chance. When i had a routine checkup at work they saw something on the x. Ray i didnt even have any symptoms i felt fine. Lawyer whos in his late twentys would prefer to be at home with his wife and daughter unlike the zeal hes pretty sure he knows how he contract the disease. I got the multi resistant strain of tuberculosis from my body after he was released from prison. The facility has no isolation wards and no proper ventilation this makes it especially hard to fight multi resistant tb but physician follow demerit points to an even bigger problem. The. Treatment is still the easiest way to develop a strain resistant tuberculosis. The biggest problem with this is that the treatment takes a really long time to complete twenty months. Its hard to stay with it even highly motivated people find it hard to take large amounts of medication every day for twenty months. Because. The pathogen thrives in crowded places especially where its cold and theres a little from lice it spreads easily through sneezing coughing and even just regular conversation. Its easy to identify the signature red pattern under a microscope but distinguishing the regular kind from the multi resistant strain is expensive and lengthy it takes up to two months to get a diagnosis that means people with the multi was distance train can on knowingly continue to infect others. The lab at the sanatorium is able to determine if a strain is resistant to the antibiotic we found this and its one of the most effective anti tuberculosis drugs on the markers. She is in the computer controlled tests can produce results within a few hours but in order to know if its resistant to other drugs they have to take bacterial cultures that take several weeks. Using genetic testing its possible to decode the pathogens genome in a matter of days but thats expensive and to date there are only four devices in all of ukraine that can do this the lab here is still waiting to get one. Of the questions remain as to why this multi resistant strain is so prevalent in ukraine. Besides the problem with people not sticking to the full course of treatment experts point to the countrys overstretched health care system. Patients like these here employer car are too often housed in cramped quarters. This has drawn widespread criticism. We still have people sharing rooms with your patients arent isolated and have too much contact with each other. In this environment you can imagine how easy it is for patients to infect each other with resistant strains for us but were still optimistic that were getting new Technology Treatment methods and resources so. After years of seeing infections rise the number of cases in ukraine dropped for the first time in twenty sixteen for doctors and patients here their bottom line in the fight against multi resistant tb faster diagnostics and better Long Term Care for patients. With. One major risk factor for typical is certainly poverty but what is the current state of medical treatment. In berlin where public discovered the t. V. Bacillus an influential researcher is following in his footsteps. We visit Stephan Kaufman the. Institute for infection and ask him how far hes come. Its the coughing and sneezing season. Is it this easy to be infected with tuberculosis im here to talk with tb expert stefan. Here in germany could i catch tb by airborne transmission like someone coughing on me. If the person has to send coughs on you then you have a large chance of getting infected but in germany you wont often encounter people with tuberculosis. But getting coughed on once would be enough we estimate that youd have to be exposed more than ten times statistically speaking to actually be infected and thats what id be more at risk for example in ukraine. In ukraine the risk is higher of course and if you spend a lot of time in a hospital with lots of tb patients then your chance of being infected is almost one hundred percent and. One out of every ten infected people actually develops the disease but is there protection against tb. Why cant i get vaccinated against tuberculosis like the flu. The immune response to the tuberculosis pathogen thats our own bodies Defense System against it is far more complicated than in the case of the flu were still not sure how best to must of those defenses and medical science has ignored tuberculosis for too long my wish is that well find a way to conquer tuberculosis. And his team have taken a major step in that direction in trials in india. Has developed a vaccine against tb its designed to help people who have been infected from developing recur. Disease. The chance of being infected with the pathogen its especially high in india. India is one of the countries with an especially high rate of tuberculosis we believe that at least a Million People have tb in india and that the multi resistant forms are on the rise. One point seven Million People die of tb each year making it the deadliest Infectious Disease on our planet and. Hope of. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that break into healthy cells and survive their. Discoverer. Develop the first vaccine against it but it failed Stefan Kaufman has been doing research on t. V. For thirty five years now and he hopes his latest vaccine will be a breakthrough. For our initial Clinical Trial succeed then we would have a vaccine that also works in adults it would be the first tb vaccine for both young people and adults. Planck institute weve always tried to combine basic research with applications by sick research is the main focus but we dont say ok lets do something new we want to advance from basic research into applications. A great goal would be reached if this vaccine proved itself in the Clinical Phase and im quite hopeful that we. Would it be the kind of breakthrough that could lead to a nobel prize. I dont want to comment on that. Thats not what youre aiming for. Except i dont want to discuss that now. Well that may be a while yet stefan cough month says it could take it. Least another five years before a back seat against tb has completed Clinical Trials. For more about you but you know sis and other science stories just go to our website and get in touch with us on twitter at hash tactility license for example all right us on facebook we love to hear from you. That tiriel like a tb pathogen unlike risk opic organisms other common tiny microbes of hunger. Smallest still of viruses. One of the u. S. Sent in a question about them. As our omaha sun sally from sudan wants to know a lot of viruses. A tick bite can transmit viruses such as a form of encephalitis called tb e v in humans the pathogen can cause a fatal inflammation of the brain. Other viral diseases are airborne so there are lots of ways they can spread. Thats clever viruses which consist of just d. N. A. Or r. N. A. In a protective envelope they dont have their own metabolism so they need a host like humans or other organisms in order to reproduce in the case of an infection a virus hijacks the host cell and injects its genetic material into it the host sound then becomes a factory for making new viruses. Many viruses can spread between species. The pathogens responsible for aids or may have traveled from apes to humans. Rodents can transmit hunter viruses for example. Birds some flu viruses a vaccine may prevent infection. Even though as in the case of flu the vaccine constantly has to be adapted as the virus mutates. One type of antiviral vaccine protects against Cervical Cancer and sometimes viruses arent pathogens but helpers. Certain parvo viruses for example target tumor cells without damaging surrounding healthy cells researchers are hoping to use them to develop a viral therapy to treat blastoma a highly aggressive brain cancer. If you have a size question send it in by going to our website. If we answer it on the show youll get out d. V. D. Featuring a lighthearted look at Albert Einsteins most famous theory is. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. His life was film worthy the british movie the theory of everything tells the story of Stephen Hawkings first marriage and early career after he was diagnosed with a terminal illness. The great physicist was immensely popular with scientists and nonscientists alike. Shown by the response to his death on social media. We asked you how you will remember Stephen Hawking and what he means to you. On facebook. Cull pulls a marvelous and extraordinary and says. I will not forget him. For tossed and poking was the brightest mind since Albert Einstein he believes the nobel prize should go to hooking posthumously for his work on black holes. Sixteen appealed against at tweets that hawking is a huge inspiration because he didnt have his disease defeat him. She thinks other people in his position might not have continued doing science but he persevered with passion. And to use a profit flora leaves a message for hawking in a parallel universe asking him for an explanation for our existence. Lets take a look back at this exceptional physicist who died aged seventy six. Stephen hawking was an inspiration to many he defied a disabling disease of. To become one of the great physicists of our time and a cultural icon instantly recognizable by his wheelchair and his Computer Generated voice. This our president didnt detract from his sense of humor. Here a lot of me i worked on it sure everything. I would love to be able to leap from building to building. Stephen hawking was born in oxford on january eighth one thousand nine hundred forty two on the three hundredth anniversary of galileos death as he like to point out. At seventeen he began his undergraduate studies at Oxford University instead of madison as his father had wished he studied physics and chemistry. Later he said hed been a bad student spending less time on his subjects than on the other joys of university life. Then at twenty one he was diagnosed with a terminal neurodegeneration of illness. Just such. A stark hurtful joyous told religious. Or older girl that she told me it worked two or three years. With the threat of an early. Wish to try. Cooking put much of his energy into theoretical physics three years after his diagnosis he received his ph d. The topic of his thesis was nothing less than the origin of the universe which he describes them as a singularity in which the laws of physics no longer seem to hold it created a stir in the field of cosmology. Hoping received the position of the university of cambridge over. Years he helped nurture generations of physicists many of his students became friends for life. They went to cambridge i checked into the college and then i went to the department and and stephen came in and i was introduced to him we chatted for a couple of minutes i couldnt understand him i remember at first because his voice was very monotonic. But i was i was struck by his eyes and by how lively he was. At cambridge talking to vel of pioneering theories he was elected luke asian professor of mathematics. His work took him to the intersection of science philosophy and religion. To the origin of the cosmos time travel and above all black holes these massive regions of space that swallow life and matter did not conform to accepted theories Hawking IncorporatedQuantum Mechanics to gain new insights. Throughout his career he was obsessed with the question of what happened to the master that vanished into a black hole and he find answers some of which he later revived he never found the ultimate one. One of hawkings graces theories was an apparent paradox black holes not only gain mass and grow. They also evaporate using energy which is equivalent to maf this discovery overturned all previous notions i think you tackled the biggest and the most important problems in gravitational physics and he tackled these problems successfully many people. Attack or work on big problems but very few people actually resolve the skipped there are many examples in physics where we only realise in hindsight than an individuals achievement was far greater than it seemed up close perspective but even from todays perspective he did great things you know is that. In one thousand nine hundred eighty eight hawking published a brief history of time the Popular Science book has been translated into forty languages i just sold more than ten million copies. I try to share with the public my excitement up out of the progress we made you know understanding the laws of nature and history of the universe and he succeeded in conveying that excitement the book made hawking famous around the world people thronged his lectures he used his popularity to speak out about causes close to his hearts. Although there was no place for a creator in his cosmology he was a frequent guest at the vatican. To try to mediate in the middle east and later joined an academic boycott of israel in support of palestinians. He also joined public protests against the u. S. Led war in iraq. Stephen hawking received numerous awards and honors for his lifes work. In two thousand and seven his dream of flying was realized when he took part in a nasa parabolic fleiss for those seconds in zero gravity he could move freely. That. I could have gotten off. Base. Its all because of the really going i think he was a great role model for the Younger Generation i took on and so because he showed how exciting a Research Field by cosmology could be. And what fundamental questions it offers to researchers and. Since you feel youll enjoy it and i think you got many young people to enter this field and retain that fascination to achieve new Scientific Understanding or. Will robots ever replace people Stephen Hawking warned about this saying ai could spell the end of the human race but despite the potential dangers the feel different takes is continuing to make huge strides even in during robots with creativity putting us into its official intelligence. This artist is a robot fittingly enough its working on a painting inspired by the side by classic blade runner about a world which pits humans against robots. The robot artist is called david fortunately hes benevolent unlike the replicants in blade runner hes still learning how to use a brush. And thats a long way to go before he can match human intelligence. As we start with a photo of the canvas this is compared to the input image for every input image the robot calculates where to position the next brush stroke we can adapt to external factors such as altered light differences in color that is to say the robot adapts it knows that certain colors dont produce the original effect so it adjusts from. Berlin based artist graver has collaborated with the day but on a number of paintings a graduate of like six art school she sees the robot as a useful aid for developing her ideas. Arent in themselves creative but they can support creativity in the humans who use them ultimately theyre just algorithms albeit highly complex ones but theyll never be as complex as humans are. He mentioned. I. T. Expert Thomas Linda Maya begs to differ hes confident that the day will come when a robot can create its own work of art and has an understanding of what is considered aesthetically pleasing. We can program a machine to recognize that with a blue and green go well together or not and this would allow it to recognize if a painting is aesthetically pleasing other components are subjective the way people respond to or not work has to do with their personal experience with a robot alecks these experiences and cant make decisions based on them for the time being robots cant do that but in the long run it might be possible. This world of man which is not exist this short sighted five film starring David Hasselhoff was written by an. Artificial Intelligence Program called david boeri bed with hundreds of screenplays it was directed by oscar sharpe but lines in plots are borderline nonsensical. But the program learns quickly. Are robots a threat to creative endeavors or might they actually be an enrichment. For the people tend to be afraid of the new it makes them insecure they worry about adjusting but thats not how i see it. Arcs and Artificial Intelligence for now robots can only be an artists assistant but the day may come and they can create their own masterpieces. Thats all for today the next time well be setting up hamburg is but this minced meat is special it was grown in the lab how does that work and how does it taste find out next week on tomorrow today until then but i. The be. Going. To. Cut cut. Cut cut. Cut cut. Cut cut. Cut. One hundred twenty installations stretching three and a half kilometers. In one german city. Frank church is raging in the glow of the new. The buildings are transformed to include objects of light and sound of the body the moments thirty minutes on w. The b. Its all happening the boor link to the news from africa the world story links to exceptional stories and discussions continue and most comes to diffuse the ticking program and from going to meet these needs now i would say deep down to come smash africa im going to join us on facebook and g. W. Africa. The top stories followed across social media share your comments and context welcome to the team. German state by state. The most colorful. Clearest. The most traditional find it all at any time. Check in with a web special. Take a tour of germany state by state on the d w dot com. And you never even knows if the child needs food that food can do nothing before maybe his new ones can reflect in those problems then drop out of the school because they really did nothing when coming from home that could have easily been us. At any one of the slope. You. Claim. A little place. The city to be a news live from berlin as the u. K. Ramps up its investigation into the poisoning of the former spy foreign secretary forced john. In an exclusive g. W. Interview points the finger finger at the kremlin somebody has to be responsible some to be has to be accountable and we in the u. K. Think the