A simulator for navigating germanys waterways. With. But first as the light fades and night falls our brains and bodies need to rest getting enough high quality sleep is vital to our health. When you cant sleep for example due to snoring it can be a nightmare for both of you and your partner. At their pissed in switzerland has developed an interesting way to help. Us gaga is sixty years old hes a bus driver in the swiss city of zero. But there was a time when he found himself unable to well. Go ahead. With sobriety. Two and a half years ago i was having problems sleeping and i didnt actually know. To set myself but my wife told me i was snoring loudly if i would stop breathing at times during the day i was often tired because i hadnt slept properly. Sometimes i would not offer a second which in my job is dangerous. She went to the doctor who immediately wrote him off sick. He was diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and told to wear a breathing mask at night. He most of. The mask had the effect that i couldnt sleep anymore i got panic attacks and had to leave the apartment in the middle of the night i couldnt stand it any more i thought id rather die than carry on like this. Snoring in itself isnt harmful although it may be disruptive the problem comes when there are pauses in breathing which last for ten seconds or more sleep apnea is when these interruptions occur frequently. As the sleeping mask wasnt working his doctor recommended oscar good she go to alex juarez for therapy with did you redo. Suarez used to suffer from sleep apnea himself while looking for alternative treatment methods he was inspired by this instrument invented by australias indigenous people. Australian Aboriginal People play the traditional didgeridoo what ive developed is a medical degree do it involves a completely different playing technique which serves to strengthen and stabilize the pharynx for the Aboriginal People the focus is more on ritual than musical aspect. To after successfully treating himself so arias had standardized instruments made from plexiglass which have the advantage that that quieter than the traditional wooden instruments and less likely to disturb the neighbors. For the therapy to be effective the patient needs to practice twenty minutes a day every day for four months. People suffering from sleep apnea will find that by playing the medical didgeridoo they can strengthen their pharynx and stomach muscles the circulation in the connective tissue is also improved and together that tightens everything up which in turn on the minutes the sleep apnea and the loud snoring. This clinic in the hills overlooking zero has specialized in the treatment of sleep disorders. She took part in a study here designed to measure the exact effects of the didgeridoo therapy twenty participants had their sleep monitored in a laboratory at the clinic both before and after the therapy. The results show pulmonologist alexander talked how the therapy went. We reckon. We can tell by how often the patient stops breathing whether the therapy is having an effect or not the goal is that patients will eventually not have any interruptions in their breathing at night. And i dont think. The study showed that oscar got she regularly stopped breathing while asleep before he began the didgeridoo therapy. The next stage of the study was at the University Hospital in zero eight an m. R. I. Scan revealed the proportion of fatty and connective tissue in the palate before and after the therapy. This allowed radiologist thomas phone felder and his team to assess the biological effect of the training on the patient. We had two groups in the study one was using the didgeridoo the other was and both underwent an m. R. I. Scan at the start and six months later they had another scan the one group had done the didgeridoo training the other hadnt. And we found that those who had done the training had a significant reduction in the fatty tissue compared to the other group so i put in for guys to. Ask i got she was particularly dedicated in his training and played along to his favorite country music. System. Its been a complete success i have no problems at all anymore. And im no longer tired during the day. Hardly snore at all now and have no interruptions in my breathing my whole life is improved bassists. Thanks to the success of his therapy she can now work again without any problem. We asked our viewers how do you deal with snoring. Chemists get so who wrote that nudging your partner will stop the snoring till you can fall asleep. Evans kumi asks the person to turn around and lie on their stomach. John george says snoring used to be a problem when he visited his uncle. When it became unbearable he put on headphones and played a cool song. Every talk a board says the simplest answer is to move into the other bedroom. Penicillin was the first antibiotic it was derived from fungus nowadays there are all kinds of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections they come from many different sources including mushrooms. But many strains of bacteria are developing resistance so scientists are now searching for radically different approaches. Although he loves mushrooms chemist no longer believes that the next generation of antibiotics will come from the forest. Increasingly the substances that fund i produce to protect themselves dont work against resistant bacteria. Is on this national were not looking for substances and fun guy were pursuing a completely different path looking for new chemical compounds that dont work like traditional antibiotics. Zebras team is trying to find out exactly what makes certain strains of bacteria so dangerous the microbes themselves dont make us sick instead its the toxins they emit. And bacteria produce more toxins in a stressful environ. And. Since about ten after you start to kill bacteria that will do everything they can to prevent it thats where the resistance comes from the cities if you do that too if you are put in a life or death situation you try to find a way out thats one of bacteria. And thats why were trying to prevent a bacterium from producing toxins of stuff is a top seed here just a few weeks because of this he told us that he had this starting point for the new approaches a bacterial protein that sets the machinery of talks in production in motion in money shot. To the nose on the zebras team has discovered a substance that is able to block the protein. So toxins are never released. The researchers have tested the compound in both the petri dish and live animal models. To muzzle tonsillitis hailed more quickly because the bacteria were stripped of their defenses we assume the new system was then able to eliminate him bit by bit hes about the abscess never grew to significant size issue in other words this when i was caught better faster than a mouse that hadnt received treatment would have an untreated mouse might not even have survived an abscess like this is going to but even. As if my organs would not have stopped thats what so the method works at least in mice ok. But cant bacteria also grow resistant to this treatment just like with antibiotics and this isnt you know. If there is a simplified overview of what happens when bacteria are eliminated by an antibiotic will show that it was red cross officials want to call its come about but it could be that one of them manages to avoid destruction because you spontaneous mutation has made it resistant when done kinds of these this bacterium can begin to reproduce and spread and this new population and of course still produce sentiment to talks and that are so problematic for the infection and these old pocket monsters and for the infect so on our approach does not allow resistance to develop in the first place is that it is tense and thinking ask on the thats a common citizen so that he or the bacteria are coated with a kind. Protective layer that prevents them from producing toxins are in the gifts they remain harmless the resistance that occurs with antibiotic use never develops here but in my theological. Even if the chemist doesnt think the words can provide the answers to and of resistance in that he still enjoys searching here. Im looking for mushrooms for dinner i like the taste of. Stephens event hopes that within around a decade his method of fighting that period could be used to help heal patients with multi resistant infections. So what can we do in the battle against bacteria. Lets take a look at him. They come into contact with bacteria and spread them around. But where do bacteria hang out in our everyday surroundings and which species. And how many germs actually stick to our hands. Heres a test. This is no use up our test subject will follow you around for a morning. What kinds of bacteria are to be find on louise of hands to begin with the samples are collected by direct contact with a petri dish. Professor of i know more to us from the institute for medical microbiology and hygiene at the university of marburg will be analyzing the samples for us. So what did he find right after louisa gas up. The guns and we found lots of germs that are typically found on the hand like strains of micro caucus and staphylococcus wed expect a clean washed hand to yield about fifty colonies of bacteria on a dish like this but always had three hundred so quite a few times more maybe she didnt wash her hands properly or the towel she used to dry them wasnt clean up to talk with thought it. Was other bacteria will join these germs to find out that wont wash your hands for a while the first candidates are lurking in the kitchen in sponges for instance. How long has this one been in use. For five weeks its certainly never been washed. The direct contact test shows that the sponge contains gas and skin flora but also Fecal Bacteria. Most of them come from food in serious cases they can cause lung infections or even sepsis. Now theyre probably sticking to louis those fingers and thats not good because places with lots of people are often ideal for bacterial exchange here luisa picks up a few more bacteria. Experts actually consider the metal bars on the stop button fairly harmless parts of your we see large numbers of germs on the seat of your skin flora but also germs that shouldnt be there like i say need to back to in other words someone sat here with a bacterium that could be a pathogen transmitted in large numbers could it. Cause an infection. Many people expect to find large numbers of bacteria here but in fact the germ load on an escalator is quite low. Shopping carts are a different story though there are often lots of classic human bacteria on the grid mostly harmless skin germs but also pathogens that cause diarrhea. Just luckily there wasnt any pathogen on it but you do commonly find them on shopping carts they represent a hygiene problem because theyre rarely or never cleaned. Louisas workplace is also a hotbed of bacteria the sample from the door handle showed four hundred colonies whats worse the telephone and Computer Keyboard both have too many ducks and Fecal Bacteria and the germs can spread on down pounds. And is this even worse no not if the toilet is cleaned regularly due to litter toilets can inspire fear but in this case there was nothing dramatic we found a large number of bacteria but no pathogens to worry about. Louisa has come into contact with many different bacteria this morning how many have adhered to her hands. Results in the course of the day louisa has been contaminated with some bacteria that arent necessarily pleasant alongside gut flora and enter a caucus there was a staphylococcus or yes which is a pos forming germ and an ass an eater back to the germ that causes lung infections in hospitals in immune compromised patients especially when its antibiotic resistant its the one who has a gun finally louise that can wash your hands its a good idea to wash for twenty seconds after going to the toilet and before eating to dry your hands thoroughly to keep the bacteria from multiplying. So lets leave our grubby planet earth and turn our sights to the stars. Thats what one of our fans in brunei has done and thats where our viewer question comes from. From syria wants to know. Why does stars twinkle. If you look up at the sky on a clear dark night youll see lots of little points of light which seem to flicker. The stars unlike our sun. Hot plasma but much much further away the light they emit travels vast distances through space unhindered. Its only when light heading our way reaches the earths atmosphere that the twinkling star. The various temperature and density layers in the earths atmosphere of course the light to be refracted in Different Directions a bit like a hate shimmer. Thats a problem for optical telescopes that are based on earth. Images of the surface of the moon say appear. Blurred and stars flicka as they seem to do to the naked eye. But astronomers have thought up ways around the problem and they use lasers and adaptive optics to compensate for the blur the atmosphere causes. The result images of distant realms. Or they send telescopes such as the hubble into space beyond the earths atmosphere with a view is clear. When the astronauts on the International Space station orbiting at an altitude of around four hundred kilometers look out of the window the stars dont flicker either. If you have a science question go to our website and send it in if we answer it on the show youll get our d. V. D. Featuring our lighthearted look at albert einsteins famous they race the most important thing is to never stop asking questions. Computer simulation is growing more and more popular. Using Virtual Reality its easy to practice and explore all sorts of activities under many different hypothetical scenarios. Its also a good way to solve real life problems for example on germanys waterways. The famous. Overlooking the river rhine is steeped in folklore legend has it that ship sank in mysteriously in times past a legend that became tragic reality. In the early hours of january thirteenth twenty eleven a tanker with over two thousand tons of sulfuric acid on board disappeared from the radar screen. Two members of the crew lost their lives when the ship capsized. The gravity of the incident prompted the German Government to launch an official investigation the federal waterways engineering and Research Institute provided a state of the art ship handling simulator to determine the cause of the disaster its an invaluable piece of research equipment. That might not look like it but we put a huge amount of work into recreating the Natural Environment in the ships on the river the result is a Precise Simulation of how a ship actually behaves on the water. And it certainly does look very realistic. The steering stand operated by the skipper is fitted with all navigational and steering instruments used in the real world. Even the view is remarkably true to life. Was humes and a lot of what we can see in the simulator is generated from Computer Data some is freely available some way acquire from official surveying agencies when somebody is piloting a ship on the handling simulator they need to be able to see where theyre going which makes our job very complicated because if this team was let off. The three d. Model of germanys waterways was created with the help of the aerial scans and echo sounding scans of the riverbeds the uneven ground gives rise to complex currents that can have a serious impact on the ships handling. The behavior of the currents in the water is calculated using numerical models extending all the way to the river bank. The type of ship is also important every model looks different and each one behaves differently in currents all of that is measured to. Person who differs in the end we get the skipper who normally pilots the ship he tests the ship on or a simulator and tells us whether its behaving the way hes used to thats the final test that validates a simulator and then we can use it for testing purposes who are those who arent. In the case of the tank on the rhine the simulator showed that the accident could not have been caused by currents or the water level by another ship in the end it turned out that the main cause for the accident was that the tank had been loaded improperly. Like in this model the tanks were only half full so the liquid in them sloshed back and forth causing the tanker to tilt sideways until it finally capsized. The findings demonstrated that the ship handling simulator worked since then its been used regularly to assess possible hazards on germanys waterways currently the federal waterways engineering and Research Institute is assessing this bridge in the town of nor a mine this stretch of the mine river is lovely but the low bridges make it the bottleneck on the route between the north sea and the black sea. The old bridge is shadi old for renovation the project will take several months closing the rhine mine danube canal for that length of time would have serious economic consequences. The center will have to be closed during construction so can all the shipping traffic be rerouted to the arch near the river bank. All the ships that are travelling up river already have to pass through this arch thats tricky especially for long barges like the one piloted by venom anchor. The risks are that you have to navigate close to the river bank on the bridge pillar you need to find a middle course it can be done but its quite a bit easier to navigate through the center arch. Its certainly a tight fit not every skipper manages it as you can see from the damage on the wall. No worries little were sure it fits your post. So sailing up river works down river with a current at your back its much harder to get through the side arch. Thats where the simulator comes in. Hinds her nick is an experienced skipper hes going to try navigating through the side when the river is at its average level even though its just a simulation theres tension in the air thats already showing on the current is pushing at us from behind but its not that bad. For you almost there. He stares through the arch without a collision now the difficulty is turned up a notch by raising the water level so far all the testers have struggled with it and so does col hines her naked. If she were a little too close to the river bank. So navigating through the side is a problem when water levels are high along risks hitting the bridge or running aground. Thanks to the simulator the engineers know that water levels will need to be taken into account during the renovation project. Youll find more stories from the world of science although website. Or contact us on facebook and twitter when we love hearing from you. Thats all for now on the next edition we take a look at a special kind of light blue light it plays a very Important Role in our health and well being join us next time to find out more and see you soon. Entered the conflict zone confronting the powerful. Here in barcelona the battle over catalonia is independent says swung at least for the time being in favor of the Spanish Government my guest here is out for thought she did of the Pro Independence republican left really now admits that the movement has been off way more than it can chew. 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D w dot com to freedom. This is the w. News coming to you live from berlin no regrets for the man accused of the new york truck attack prosecutors say the suspect its a photo site called for the plaque of islamic states to be brought to his hospital room