Here physically. Im in here. So the im and ive done is also coming up in pakistan and celebrating 75 years of independence, a story of national sovereignty, punctuated by personal sorrows done. If any one speaks of that time, i can immediately conjure it in my mind. I have got, well, how much its really difficult to talk about it for those of us who remember it. Ah, but to our viewers watching on p b. S in the United States and to all of you around the world. Welcome. We begin the day in afghanistan with a painful anniversary. Quickly approaching monday will mark one year since the fall of cobble and the takeover by the taliban. It was also when a mass exodus began, afghans fleeing within and outside the country. The United Nations put the number of officially registered african refugees worldwide. Now at 2600000, but it adds the real number is likely much higher. And the vast majority of those people are now in pakistan and in iran. And here in europe, germany is now home to about a 180000 african refugees. And inside afghanistan, the number, theyre huge. 3. 5000000 people are internally displaced, forced to leave their homes by decades of war, political oppression. And now by food shortages. This was the scene at Capital Airport a year ago, people mast together trying to get on any plane that would take them thousands got out. Many more, were left behind, splitting up families, and leaving their loved ones in afghanistan at risk. Well, 3 of shame and abduls children are in the us now. Theyre remaining 2 daughters worked in television under the old government. Now seamus says she fears they may be put in prison, but they and she misses the ones who made it out. What do you know . I would say he had her one of them and its my deep desire to see my children and talk them learn what, having a lot of problems here that the litigated angelina did, which we will overcome these challenges. But i want to be with my children is that he at a level is im gonna sort of your day some her son was a commando in the afghan army. Now hes a refugee in the us, where he still trying to get his family cleared to come over and do some. Yeah, guess what . The new athens will apartment life is really difficult for us here. Ive completed documentation for my family 2 or 3 times, but their clearances are still pending. Unfortunately, the government ignores our files. From up on a, at least he made it all the way to america. Millions of afghan evacuees are stuck in limbo in neighboring pakistan, waiting for visas. Many were journalists, or had other jobs that made them targets for the taliban. Thus, if one at the law, unfortunately, we have not yet experienced the speedy transfer of evacuees, which is a breach of the pledges made to afghans by the United States and european Nations Office filed a place where i get after he acknowledged had a fall. She was in fresh imma, and abduls family life in afghanistan is a waiting game. Its one they have to play carefully with their lives, potentially at stake. And joining me here at the big table tonight is eleanor designer. She was head of the cobble office for the german conrad on an hour foundation. Fine, it was good to have you. With this you were part of that mass exit is when you were go. You and your, your african staff. You made it to whos becky austin. So youve been in the capital tuscan now for about a year. What has that been like for you were co workers from afghanistan . Well, it was very, very tough year since august last year. So i personally, i left cobbled to task and a week before cupboard fell and then the vacated all of our afghan employees to through pakistan to germany. And it took us all together, 5 weeks. So with this that was 5 weeks without sleep. But he was so lucky because on the day on the 15th, i remember we were having a team meeting in the office in the morning and 2 hours later, basically, the taliban stood in the city in a city, in the middle of kabul, and a panic broke out a traffic jam broke out and, and our, our employees for quite a while they, they were quite com and a trusted that we would find a solution and they try to avoid panic. You know, and yeah, you go, this is a, this is a story. I guess with a happy ending, gotch refugees from afghanistan who were able to come here to germany or who have made it to the United States. Im wondering though, what about f scans who have gone, for example, that was vacant where your office is now . Do they feel that the are welcomed there . Well, mega span is not a country where, where, where that takes refugees. Becca stand was only country of trends it. So a lot of flights went through tough canned, but no afghan refugee was being there. So actually they are, no, no, no, im saying. And it said the feeling that outside of if you understand they were kind of being thrown to the wall. Right. No one wanted them any more. That is right. Even pakistan and iran, they, they signaled long time had to, they are not willing to take again a lunch or some of refugees. So most of their neighbor countries just acted as transit corridors to other countries like europe or the United States. North america, australia, afghanistan, is once again home. We received this earlier in the program to does humanitarian disaster. But at the same time, now you have a war here in europe, in ukraine, youve got inflation all over the world. And you also have, you know, the threat of china attacking may be taiwan. Do you fear that the world just doesnt have the attention capacity any more to focus on afghanistan . Yes, i expected that also without the one ukraine. I expected that the attention will roll away after some time, and which is okay because ive done this done has been on high and attention before. And sometimes we can also without attention we can help and engage and support, but important. It said behind the scenes or theres and some help and support continued. And then we find a solution also for the Civil Society and for the people which it, which is what you have been committed to doing. But you still need is to read some official attention. What use the you win has not recognized the totally bond. For example, as the official government, youve got in joes and youve got for money staying out of the country. That is going to have to change, isnt it . If we want to see significant change, or do you see another way to bring positive change to the country where we need to political will. And in a moment, we are in a way to and c position are also asked because we are political foundations. We are not humanitarian. And the German Government has declared humanitarian plus. So they want to support engagement in afghanistan, underneath the diplomatic recognition, a little bit more than humanitarian aid. Many organizations, i know was a german and jose, a still working in kabul. And in afghanistan, basically on the same projects, they have only changed and some for example, they have to offer now agenda, separate office space, but they continue. But for political foundations like us, its difficult to re engage unless there no relationship on your fisher basis. Yeah. Because it is political, even if we want maybe to act like its not me. There is the humanitarian side, but the political side is still there. What would be your message . I mean, your career is about using politics to benefit people. What would be you were wish for afghanistan . Well, my wish and business, i think an Important Message is we firstly have to accept, then we realities and we have to work with the realities. So having declaring high standards, moral standard doesnt help the people in the country. So we need to search for a pragmatic solutions. And which means also engaging in the country. Also having channels of talks to the government, the new de facto government, and then on a low level, it also working for, for minimum standards and minimum standards would be education for educating if we were another time the west was enough dentistry in for 20 years. We had a chance right into to make effective change, and now the toner back in power. Do you sometimes feel that is just, this is a case that were not going to win ever. I mean, theres the frustration sometimes just take over. I mean, yeah, after 20 years and, and we have been doing lots of the same that didnt work. So now i think we have to change our strategy and we are now also in a state of soul searching of what, what is the goal of our mission is what, what goods should ford mission aim for and our goals for much too high. And we never adjusted them, and i mean by we, i mean the whole international community. And yes, when i came down to the last few years with a door and it processed piece process, there was euphoria. But in the end the goals was much higher. Yeah, i in the, in the way it came became so fast. No one thought it was going to in the way the elements. I know we appreciate you coming in the night, sharing your valuable experience and insight. Thank you. Thank you for. Thank you. Ah, on sunday pakistan will mark 75 years of independence. India will do the same on monday, but attached to the celebrations are stories of personal pain and tragedy. Reminders from history of just how important geography is arising from what was known as the partition of india. The borders of pakistan became official on this day 75 years ago. These are the lines that a british lawyer, sir cyril radcliffe, drew across the map of British India to create india and pakistan. Pakistan itself divided into east and west pakistan. In creating hindu majority, india in islamic pakistan. Conditions were set for mass migration and religious pogroms. Some 12000000 people found themselves on the wrong side of a line that divided nations along religious lines. Hindus and newly created pakistan fled to india, and muslims in the opposite direction. Up to a 1000000 people were massacred in the violence that followed. Its a story of shared violence among pakistans and indians. And as we head into Independence Day celebrations for both countries, its worth hearing from those who witnessed these new nations being born amid the carnage as well as the promise of a better future. Ah, very young at that time i g 3040. So all those shadowing memories of partition dr. D, was it jenny . Did was no do seeing that hes or what engine . Light on change loosening good. Just some targets. Then suddenly it started. This started dividing us might have, i thought i used to teach in a village in what is now the indian side. But allah, he had come home on for the summer break. When all hell broke loose gently, altogether much better. Milas broke out schools were closed indefinitely. How many yet look at it to her school, but no, got it. Got a lot of those bloodshed everywhere from countless dead bodies and injured people arriving to my city, which was on the new border. Automatic. I remember going there as a child to see what was happening in italy, one day only, i love her. He came to easily chantrelle dead. Oh no, you go because there is a danger lost your life is when we came to billy, we saw oh shandon slain, jayden the devils old child as she get my fathers business and gone angry. We didnt have any money left. Go, so did you hurt . Ill tell you, said the powders excel other than the bottles of pakistan, jonathan important on that ill. If anyone speaks of that time, i can immediately conjure it in my mind. I havent got, oh, how much its really difficult to talk about it for those of us who remember it in it was on. Im emotional right now because i havent spoken about that. Diamond 75 years out. I lost my a lot so many people do do these partition i she, when he said the dead dish, we just got each other why it has started. I see on my i bad pockets on programs and i love that language because i belong to god. Please, i love those. Good. Dear me nice. Youre the world is full of stories of law but was also wanting to see you can fight as when he was, as you like. Not but meaningful decisions are only made at the negotiating table that has actually d top leadership recently excess. Ringback hydrogen, jenna, this is what i but sunday we should we come together. We should only in england, a country that is world famous for its Rainy Weather today officially declared a drought in many regions. That designation allows Water Companies to restrict water supplies. The europe is currently in the grip of its most extreme dry spell. In decades, the european drought observatory says that 47 percent of the continent is facing a looming drought, 70 percent of europe. The places that you see in red on this map are already experiencing severe effects from weeks or months without any rain. The drought is helping fuel summer wildfires from portugal to Central Europe crops are being ruined at a time when global Food Supplies are being stretched in many of europes rivers and water reservoirs. While the simply drying up europes rivers are disappearing. Italys po is yet another casualty. Of the severe drought gripping much of the continent, the river would normally be teeming with taurus. Instead, its drawing bed is littered with empty boats. Those living near italys longest river say the situation is unprecedented. Youre salazar when im young and i do not remember anything like this. But even the elderly of my village and the villages around here have never seen Something Like this. Never, ever. With the po relied upon for keeping rice feels like this one irrigated farm as a warning of devastating consequences for the region known as italys bread basket. Spain is facing similarly di, conditions with reservoirs falling to their lowest levels since 1995. But this one in extreme adora, the water has receded so far a medieval bridge submerged decades ago is exposed again in catalonia, this night Century Church has also emerged from the depths with scorching weather, predicted continue, water supplies, a set to only dwindle. Further. Even the notoriously wet u. K is facing Drought Conditions with the source of the river thames drawing up for the 1st time since at least 1976 and made a record breaking heat and low rainfall in france. 2 rivers, a drawing up like here in the north west, where the law, the countrys longest river has fallen so low in some places. It can be crossed on foot to the east, sinking water levels in the rhine. A threatening not just fish, but the German Economy to the river is a key economic artery with barges transporting millions of tons of cargo, including coal, oil, and gas each year. But officials a warning that it is set to become impossible for most boats within days as europes drought drags on drought here in europe, its just one aspect of a climate that is getting more extreme. It seems by the season an awful corners of the globe. My next guest is chad, a green, one of the authors of a recent paper on the ice shelf, off and ark ticket. He joins me tonight from tucson, arizona, a state that is not known for, and im having a lot of ice its, its good to have you with dr. Greene. It may be hot here in europe, but i understand its also much, much too warm in act. An article what. What did you find out in your research . Oh, thats right. Yeah. Its, its, were in quite a bit in antarctica this year, set a record for minimum, sea ice extent. And we want to understand, how are these changes happening in antarctica and what does it mean for a future. So to get at this, we mapped in articles, coastline at High Resolution for about the past 25 years. And what we found is that an article has reduced an area by about 37000 square kilometers just since 1097. 00. So for contacts thats about the size of switzerland, and this has a direct impact on ecosystems that are, that exist above and below these huge ice shelves. You know, penguins live on i shelves. So theyve had to migrate. But it also has impacts on sea level rise. Thats because i shows in antarctica, do this thing where they buttress the flow of these huge, massive glaciers. And so when you crumble away the edges of an eye shelf the, i shall weekends and then these glaciers can speed up and accelerate their contribution to sea level rise. And while this is happening at the other end of the world in the arctic finish sciences, have failed. Warming to be 4. 00 to 7. 00 times higher than expected. I mean, talk to me about what that means for climate models and the thick sheet of ice that covers greenland, for example. Right, yes, this is this other big, huge study coming about the arctic. So than the polar opposite of antarctica, but really finding some of the same same things that this amplified warming. This paper finds that they are the warming is happening at and celebrated rate. So as much as we are in these lean more equitorial regions, we as much as we think is warming up here. Its warming at a much faster rate in the arctic. And what this means is that sea ice and the ice sheet of greenland are both melting. And we see that in all sorts of different datasets, we see that the should see ice shrinking gets thinner and weaker. We also see quite a bit of ice mass loss from the greenland. I. She and these are gigantic pieces of ice that are melting. And although theyre melting, when they turn into water, they are going to reduce the temperature of the oceans in. What is that going to do, for example, to, im thinking of the jet stream. And im also thinking of the gulf stream bit takes a lot of that warm water and air from the caribbean brings it up here to northern europe. Well, we are yeah, its a, its a complex system. So as the ice melts, it means that the, the, the surface of the ocean goes from white to almost black. And that means that the ocean is able to absorb more heat. So its says, warming begets more warming scenario. But theres this other thing thats going on is that as the ice melts, its also this is ms fresh water that just sits on top of the ocean. So that what that ends up doing is it shuts down the thermal haley and circulation is global Conveyor Belt that drives energy and redistributes weather patterns all around the world. In a normal world, the global thermo haley circulation has this really predictable, steady pace to it. The lower finding is that as see ice melts, we no longer have this dense salty water coming down, driving that cert thermo, im healing circulation. And so were getting these crazy weather patterns all throughout europe. And im wondering if people realize what youre talking about here. I mean, these are, these are existential threats that are in the making right now. We want us to pull in a snapshot of planet earth future. I think weve got that. Can you as a scientist say when this might come to pass . And we have that jeffrey ok. Ok. So we have this near what weve been talking about rather is a snapshot of planet earth future. I mean, something as cataclysmic as you know, the gulf stream shifting or collapsing when, when can that happen . Well, to some degree, were already see seeing this thing happen, but that doesnt mean its a binary. Its here or its not here. We still have choice in the severity of climate change. We, there is still time to act, and its really just a matter of how much we want to reduce Greenhouse Gases and how quickly we want to do it. Are you feeling more positive after what weve seen in washington this week with the u. S. Senate in the house passing this, this 1st major piece of legislation aim to fighting climate change. Is it enough . The climate aspects of that bill are absolutely a very respectable step forward. So theres no question that Renewable Energy is going to be and increasingly big part of our future. So i say, why wait around, lets just make it happen now. All right, i think a lot of people will agree with you chad green. Joining us tonight from tucson, arizona is degree. We appreciate your time and your insights. Thank you. Thanks for having ah, finally tonight, thanks to a lot of watering by hand. One of your biggest summer gardening spectacles is celebrating a milestone anniversary. The brussels flower carpet has been laid out of the cities. Landmark grand, please square. Look at the traditional eggs back 50 years, but was canceled the past 2 summers. You guessed it because of that buyers. The mexican artist who designed this years layout compared the honor to the olympics or athletes. And i would say it is time for everybody to take time and smell the flow. Hm. The day is almost on the conversation. It continues online. Youll find it on twitter. A dw news you can follow me on twitter at brent gov tv. I remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day, have a good weekend. Everybody will see you again, right here next week with india. And thats the transition to green energy. A World Without lithium ion batteries imaginable. But good concept for recycling and reusing are locking to indian start up and their ideas for used Energy Storage building with on d w, making the headlines and whats behind them. Dw news africa, the show that the issues in the continent life is slowly getting back to normally where on the streets to give you enough reports on the inside. Our correspond that was on the ground reporting from across and all the friends stuff. My talk to you in 60 minutes on d, w. O. In the right wing extremists i suggested again, well mommy and company in late and burned in south africa, people with disabilities more likely to lose their jobs independent, make black lives matter. Shine a spotlight on racially motivated police violence, same sex marriage is being legalized in more and more countries, discrimination and inequality, or part of everyday life. For many, we ask why . Because life is diversity. Make up your own mind in d. W. Lead for mines with theyve been powering not on the go lives for tickets and hailed the key to fleeing the world from fossil fuels. Lithium, ion battery, east central for the green