mm. hm, oh, i don't mean you're saving the catholic world, celebrated several, many years you got denied, but i think it is the 1st german pope in nearly 500 years but in his home country of all places, he was a divisive figure. some saw him as a hard liner other is just as the surprise of the century link in in now. but well, he preferred to stay out of the limelight. he found himself at the epicenter of ecclesiastical disputes before before becoming pope most figures in the curio deliberately move in the shadows. they are not on tv. they are not pop cultural figures. graziano was different. austin, papa, he became a lightning rod for all the controversies in the church after the vatican council. a hero of the conservative wing of the catholic church. man in a way crossing. i was like the darth vader of the catholic left. he was depressing. her was seen by some as being on the dark side of catholic power. but the world catholic youth saw it differently. his 1st big event as pope was world youth day in cologne. where his predecessor had enjoyed a status similar to that of a rock star among young catholics. the scholar use of wrought singer had a different style with one man who knew use of watson here for many years was his biographer. the american vatican correspondent john ellen joseph rotting does not last staff to the spotlight. he is not terribly comfortable there. if he does not enjoy being on the public stage another, it's on the other hand, he was deeply convinced that the catholic church was facing unusually difficult challenges. and he was convinced that he had what it took to cope with these crises . what exactly were these crises and why did washing or believe he was the one chosen to resolve them? ah remarks once wrote that it was man's social existence to determine his consciousness. the search for what formed us if writing or consciousness inevitably leads to his native bavaria. his parents, appropriately enough, were called marian joseph. ah, young joseph was born in the town of marcus. i'm in on april 16th 1927. ah, at an early age you have had his heart in mind set and becoming a priest. his father, a police officer supported him later watching would say that he learned a lot from his father's deep, sober face. ah, he said, his mother, on the other hand, was more poetic and warm hearted today, the house of his birth is a tourist attraction and the pride of the locals. i should get most people from mark till it's an honor. this is saying he's one of us is sick that he is a pleasant and quiet type of person, which is where today it's a site. well i especially like the fact that the very, it gives me something to hold on to study some hold. i use it remained close to his siblings, his brother georg, and his sister maria. ah, maria was his housekeeper until her death in 1991. ah, the 2 brothers were consecrated as priests together in 1951. they would meet up at least once a year, all his life. 02 thing is the oldest and best known place of pilgrimage for germany's catholics and bavarian, loyal to the monarchy of the house of little spark. they're watching your family made the pilgrimage here every year of the moving company. since i come from the simple background, hence the people i love, most of the simple people, those with whom i get on best. and my roots are in bavarian countryside ah, biting his language was simple and beautiful like a wind swept bavarian landscape. one example is an essay he wrote about love. in writing his view, the lynchpin is the catholic faith. ah love is the light she wrote. ultimately the only thing capable of illuminating the dark world over and over. and that gives us the courage to live and act. i want to invite you to make love a reality and to let the light of god into the world. ah pot singers love a poetic language, simple, but never trite was already evident at school. a fellow student remembers at all sir floyd, he really enjoyed german poetry, ancient greek and roman poetry in his time at tom stein high school santa, along with classical and romantic german, works out and he wrote poems himself at i'll say a bucket dish to ah, elizabeth, guzman lived in tokyo for years, but we met the professor in munich, where she started theology alongside right. singer in the early 19 fifties. ah, it was the beginning of an intense and close friendship that endured for decades. you can legally chateau rosanna, you and that since occasionally he would talk about his usa. he was an air defense volunteer than he did war time work service. ah. then he was in the army for a short while dear. and then he was imprisoned for a time when he was sent to the camp at bat i blame, which was considered a starvation camp. i know this because my father was in bad idling too. and he suffered badly there to off was it? but he didn't really want to talk about it. we've always dis, the house i gave rotting or supported grossman's application for a professorship and regensburg with all his heart. but there was too much resistance to a woman getting the job. she went to tokyo instead, he would write to her about his frustrations as a teacher of dogmatic theology man is ansuka, abbot is set and my work is closely determined by preparations for the curriculum. whereby i take great pleasure from fundamental theology. while the over filled department store of dogmatic theology is more inclined to get on my nerves and house their dogmatic air of d. naff good. especially when i have to hear my own effusions again and again in the exam. se, in entered all often distorted in the most amazing way, would at least and fet sat allan emma for and i'm on her one was ah, even critic civil rights in your use. glowing terms to describe the early career of the highly gifted theologian as a young professor he took part in the 2nd vatican council in rome from 1962 to 1900 . 65. the council was supposed to represent a turning point in the history of the church major reform. john the 23rd, one of the more charismatic folks called it, a join, a mental taking the church into the present. he called together all the bishops of the world to achieve this in the face of opposition from the most powerful doctrinal guardian, cardinal auto viani, who wanted the decisive ecclesiastical texts to be adopted without debate. the hour of the german bishops had come led by the munich cardinal julius dip there. he wanted the anti reform proposals to be discussed to get their way. the bishops needed the sharpest theological minds, such as car runner, who even then enjoyed world renown as a yellow jan. you as a fraud, singer and hands coon were 2 young theologians considered to have a bright future. the allan saw to his smug drops and that was the 1st time we managed to grubby she ovens meant i believe i am right in saying that we instinctively like each other hearted before for example, to man, a crazed my own to reckless while i had admired his bavarian sancho, i know the 4 very that i was quite reserved to recover as the world watched events in rome, the theological advisors were honor, king, and writing are supported their bishops with innovative theology. instead of merely etching the past in stone, there was heated debate about the church, his place in today's world. because of it, i was amazed the ups in which i believe we were both on the same page despite our different positions and context. context. once seen, i remember quite vividly in aussie la coughed. it was on a friday afternoon, i believe that the gothic dongle. i received a message from the secretariat of catholic unity, headed by cardinal big diamonds in secret, as it were very clear that the so called declaration on jury was to be taken off the table at the council side. i rang right soon on, said johnson. we must do something. tell cardinal friends. this is a dangerous issue. it is. um, do you think that a couple of cardinals will have to get in touch with the pope? otherwise the whole thing will be over, and indeed, we were successful. for my own part, i made sure the press was alarmed, and that was how we saved the declaration on jury. do you know the claim, dallas? get it to pull. the theological advisors gained an influence in the background. it was they who were pulling the strings for the bishops, and the cardinals. but even back then, as professor grossman remembers, rotting her harvard, some doubts. this as this is emma, the 1st time he came back from a session of the council. he went along with their talk to us, but then he thought about it and came to the conclusion that it was not right. that the bishops who were over the theologians in theory, at least, should be taught by the theologians announced what the theologians said. plenty alone beneath that was when he started having dallas and rusty to loza. as in the day, perhaps it was these doubts the turned a young theologian, a rebel, almost the white hope of progressive forces in the vatican into a much feared conservative. in 1966 hands couldn't appointed his bavarian colleague to tubing in university. the theory survives to this day that it was joseph crossing his time in tubing into changed him. but these were anything but harmonious years in the universities. 1968 was a time of upheaval ah, with buzzing acidic steps that he was appalled by the student revolts. donnelly's. i'd burst into his lectures read rating parties, of course, they also burst into my lectures, ollie's and i. he was a more sensitive tie to teach up this week. i would defend the microphone with my and while he would just stand there, shot it by the sea chest, which is the reason i believe that hank followed the call to reagan squad. little things look on gentlemen. on the one hand, naturally reagan's will it was in bavaria settings for a got what was more conservative, quiet her. that was his brother. was there a lot so as the cathedral choir that now it was a different world year we've always been in the vanguard of theology. and at that stage, he took a step track, blessing he topic. so it's all but it was not use the fronting her who was changing . it was the times ah, and the renewal of the church he had so yearned for suddenly looked out of control . the, the moderate reform that wrought singer believed and became a revolution in his eyes. and after the vatican council rode and knocked him cuz he had filled heavily. he felt that with the students protests of the marxist rebellions and so on, come, things had spiraled out of control of giving. the deep end of the change was too fast, and it went too far and element cancellation, cartoonish. and it became necessary to reassert traditional markers of catholic identity with identity. ah, he got his chance in 1977. pope paul the 6th who had known and valued yoseph crossing her since the days of the vatican council made him archbishop of munich and freezing motzinger switched from studying to preaching. now he was part of the hierarchy. in his inaugural speech he explained what the office of bishop meant to him. yeah. handle list him. i can a non he act not in his own name. he is a trustee of another use of jesus christ and his church is he's not a manager, a boss who can do what he wishes, not his tasks by him, whom he represents, and 15 and 3 and he cannot change his opinion. it will be sentimental defending this one time and that another tardiness, and just because he considers an opportune get out the grins. nor is he there to spread his own ideas. anybody back in rather he is an envoy. sunday must deliver a message that is bigger than east all 3. d carissa is us here. hence, use the fraud singer was tasked with spreading the word when he would much rather have remained a scholar. this is my fate, was similar to that of saint augustine, whom i revere very much minister. he too would have preferred to be a professor, but he was suddenly consecrated a priest and he cried at his own consecration. there are no reports of tears, but his time in munich was short. after just 3 years, the new pope john paul, the 2nd, called yoseph writing to rome, where he appointed him prefect of the congregation of the doctrine of the faith once entitled the inquisition. it's john was to defend church teachings and combat heresy. the pups of the mason aches shown. if i recall correctly, the pope called me 1st in 1980 or was it 979? 79 on voice. and he said he wanted to put me in charge of the congregation for study, which was responsible for problems at universities and so forth. i said to him that i considered my episcopate to be a vow of loyalty, that i could not just run away after 2 years. does have it and he accepted that and said, but i'll probably get back to you again. it's eric coleman. and so it came to be one year later, the pope appointed him to the highest office of the doctrine of the faith captain o, i laid down one basic condition which i thought could not be fulfilled. namely that as a former professor, i would like to continue writing books. i asked whether this could be compatible with such a task. he said, i have to think about that and get some advice. and then one day he said to me that he had sought advice and that there were precedents and that it was no problems. so eventually i had to give in and accept the appointment which was very important to him. i'm them and im sam hats. but why him of all people use the front to hear from michael on in what made this german theologians so interesting for the polish pope? i think i think that john paul felt free to be creative to move this had because he knew he could rely on yoseph graziano but to keep the house in order so to speak, so to speak. and so the erstwhile reformer ratner became the guardian of the faith . the head of the most feared authority in the vatican. ah, the files and band bookstore here go back to the counter reformation in the 16th century. it also houses records of court proceedings against your down of bruno and galileo. you as the frightened, your became famous around the world in this post earning him the nickname, the punch cardinal, and god's rottweiler fin that samson shafts. i became one of his sharpest critics because he naturally became a part of the system and rank defeated. he became increasingly authoritarian. i have to say a day ago he had taken over an offer that i could never imagine anyone taking over the sanctum, official as the name that had conducted a whole range of inquisition cylinder. so and hopefully cuz its horns persisted to assure that these included proceedings against professor kuhn himself in 1979, the congregation of the doctrine of the faith revoked his license to teach catholic theology back then writing. it was not yet prefect of the congregation. yet some the answer i have got said, no thanks be to god. we've been able to open the archives after careful preparation to hell, and we can be pleased that even some non devote historians say the inquisition wasn't such a bad thing. the 2nd is speaking of states follows. it was ahead of contemporary judicial systems because it established the chance of conducting a defense, the right to a hearing, et cetera. for a few, this one failed to make no mistake. many verdicts were unjust, much went wrong. but it was an attempt to seek justice and i believe that the opening of the archives as long as people want to listen to that, it will contribute to making this dark chapter, seem a little bit brighter. how much went wrong? this formulation could be construed as minimizing the problem me, but did this make it? was it pricing or someone who would defend the burning of witches and the torture of heretics as the catholic answer to on coming modernity. hardly. but where did he stand? this as he was a real estate and he knew there would always be a gulf between the ideals of the church and reality. i think he felt at every age faces the challenge of ridging, this gulf of dust, and that this was an effort he would try to make there were plenty of examples of a gulf between reality and ideals. so how did you, as a flat singer, go about dealing with him? the trick cannot and may not get involved in political struggles to create as just as society as possible. it cannot and may not take the place of the state. these words were penned by yoseph writing or they were his answer to liberation, theology in latin america, and asia. poor farmers and slum dwellers had formed communities that would read the bible together and take up the battle against poverty. the franciscan monk and professor of theology leonardo above was a leading proponent, manhattan. and thus the room one gets the impression that rome has not fully understood our liberation, theology. and that is a pity for the church. good here. because the church should take the side of the poor. morse and the church must have a liberating annunciation for the poor. if fry, you defer kinda go few. the ottoman hub there was a ganesha francis cannot popped up bluff. i thought an alarm for dear golden's conger, they got soon as what the come was. i know, lucian glen said, so i shutting was to going to they got soon lock duty, reinhold steer, capital d of them and i haven't had to buff diaz cuz you foldable physicians thought the scandal golf d. as i said, the alman switched in the professor from the slums of brazil spoke after his meeting with the highest guardian of the faith in rome. so next a mile beneath sophia. first of all, i'm glad to have the whole business behind me. i'm also satisfied be not so freedom because the conversation was caught or no relaxing. i was very good and friendly here. go to friendly ford on the card. no hardly said a word. you just listen to me in a friendly way. so good. that's fine. but the friendly cardinals. verdict was anything but friendly. the congregation condemned liberation, theology on the grounds of marxist tendencies. laying out above was condemned to silence. ah carton, alicio la, shy, there was chairman of the latin american bishops conference for many years long conceived leafy allotted for drunk can not imagine what it is like to live there in unsung. at the beginning, i thought i should. well, this liberation, theology, it's no big deal. what does it mean for life? leave it. but now that i've been here for 12 years, i have gradually understood that by liberation. theology is the theology for these conditions. for this situation. church based charities in germany through their support behind the poor supporting strikes in mines, helping to build new kindergartens. collecting money for con pacino's in peru, german involvement was high. ah. tense german christians were all the more appalled and disappointed by the verdict from rome and the highest guardian of the faith yoseph writing air. the pope explained that his insistence on a strict division of church and state was partly down to his own german past. rutgers experiences with the nazi regime and the cold war made him highly sensitive to worldly promises even from within the church moon . and his experiences under the nazi regime also harden his attitude when it came to another highly divisive issue. abortion in april, 1991 at the consistory of cardinals writing or condemned assisted suicide liberal abortion laws and even contraception. as a culture of death, it was the time when the german catholic church was agonizing over whether to remain a part of state advisory structures for those with unwanted pregnancies which it saw as a way of protecting life. the german bishops, led by bishop carl lehman argued long and hard over the best way forward. in 1998 roman made the decision. the catholic church had to drop out of the state advisory service. the german bishops obeyed and then had to explain themselves to this lock in germany. once again, many german catholics were disappointed by their own bishops. and joseph writing or the pope is convinced that there are truths that contain humanities, true happiness, and that no one benefits if this is obscured when, as i don't thought. and when it came to questions about issues such as homosexuality, divorce, and birth control. if he insisted that the limit of compassion that the limit of is truth. so for watching her, the limit of compassion is truth. but what did this mean for the status of women in the catholic church? for their demands to be treated equally? with yoseph writing her stuck to his predecessors at strict rejection of women priests telling the female half of his church that their true calling in life was to serve and be humble. the catholic women's movement was not impressed at deacon's oh, but before she tools at work done by the vatican, theology commissions and bible commissions. over decades, he just swept it off the table or not. an odd fellow even went so far as to publish official statements expecting us faithful to accept as a truth that 2000 years ago while jesus christ personally determined for the entire institution with that men and women do not merely not enjoy equal rights. but that women are inferior to men, mister nick like the 50, and that therefore they simply cannot be allowed to be ordained as priests on dessie flint down here. i funny to buy until we listened income. despite demands to that effect from large segments of the faithful, practicing a respected censors vidalia the convictions of the faithful. but to him, the faithful included all believers from the last 2000 years. hence, according to his logic, even if many people call for women priests nowadays, they don't represent a majority of you as seen over the centuries. according to his heraldic motto, horrible tories that he tardies employees of the truth compromise is not really an option for use of roger. but what is the true about joseph writing? ah, god is love they use kerry to assist was the title, the man who became pope benedict gave his 1st and cyclical. he demanded love in truth writing in the 3rd person as if he were afraid that too much love might blur the truths of the faith. his thinking and decision making were guided by 2000 years of catholic tradition. this was the firewall against misguided thoughts and actions, protection from the tyranny of the present. the logical conclusion and highlight of his office as the guardian of the faith was his new world catechism published in 1992. it was a dogmatic summary of what the catholic church has believed for 2000 years. the book of catholic identity now over 70 writing are considered traditions safe and repeatedly asked pope john paul to relieve him of his duties as guardian of the faith but even took a different turn. me when pope john paul died, user pricing are held directly and mess with great warm santa plum. as the pope had grown old ill and frail, he had repeatedly acted on his behalf. and in 2002 was made dean of the college of cardinals. one of his tests was to organize the conclave after the pope's death. just before the vote, he warned his colleagues not to let them fill the buffeted by the waves of the guys, but to hold fast to jesus christ ah, just for rounds, if voting you as if rotting her, was elected if $115.00 of his brother, cardinals, voted for him the engine to lead the catholic church. then he has to believe that this is the will of god. i'm busy, given the challenge that he called the dictatorship of relativism in the western world with its slippery philosophical climate dominated by the idea that everyone has their own version of truth and both are valid. it can be glad to lansing a. this was dangerous scott, but he saw it as the task of the church in the present day to counter this 6 by declaring an objective truth hold almost there on him and i'm guessing. so he had to assume that given his career and his reputation and his particular view of the challenges facing the church, that dissolved garbage when that he was the right man to take on this task. his main goal was to secure, carefully teaching for the future. and to offer the church guidance and support in the course of globalization. one year after his election foot benedict visited his native bavaria. he gave a speech at reagan's war university where he was once a professor about his favorite topic, faith and reason, and quoted, a medieval argument between a christian emperor and a muslim scholar as active yet he says, and i quote, show me just what muhammad brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman and in her manners, faintly to such as his command, her forger, spread by the sword in her faith. he preached. if there should be at sephora. ah, the speech sparked violent protests in the muslim world from symbolic emulations to the actual murders of christians. regensburg sent off an extraordinary energy on both sides, while of a sudden a whole range of experts set about trying to improve interfaced eyes. but the irony is that what he said in regensburg brought about a flourishing of the relationship between catholics and muslims. over the subsequent 5 years, christians and muslims. ah, a german pope and the jewish world. in the synagogue alone, pope benedict called for respect and dialogue, ah, the head, may the lord bless his people with peace and may he answer our prayers. but then he approved the reinstatement of the tridentine mass with the aim of re integrating catholic traditionalists. puzzled, do is wondered if this meant a revitalization of the good friday prayer for the conversion of jews to christianity, which would be no less than pure provocation for jews. the vatican poured oil untroubled waters clarifying that the old right was no longer permitted on good friday. but then came a new scandal. pope benedict reinstated the traditionalist pious brotherhood, which had been excommunicated from the catholic church in 1988. pope benedict wanted them to return to the fold. but just beforehand, bishop williamson, one of the 4 excommunicated bishops, gave a television interview in which he denied that the holocaust ever took place. i don't think 6 managers will guess. ah. the vatican made no mention of this anti semitic stance when it readmitted the pious brothers to the catholic church, sparking global outreach there is, there is some work to be done in the vatican before effects of it statements can be gauged and formulated to avoid sparking outcries of it, i wish i could tell you that that work had been done and that the vatican had learned its lesson work has been done, but unfortunately it wasn't. but i don't think i can say that in 2010, the child sex abuse scandal, which had already sparked headlines elsewhere, reached germany. ah, the contrast was destroyed in the most disgusting fashion. we are appalled by the behavior of the church representatives and cares. years of rotting or was already familiar with the problem from other countries that beginning in 2001 user for the thing i was the only one in the leadership of the church and taking the problem seriously after john paul issued the proof of this is that carter know advancing immediately applied in the u. s. working the rules that pope john paul introduced in 2001 at that time to tackle sex abuse us the us in 2001 austria in 2004 australia and 2008. ireland in 2009 in germany in 2010 the vulnerable we're abuse, trust shattered credibility last the catholic church was in crisis during the final massive conclusion of the international year for free, celebrated by 15000 men. if the pope made a public apology, my understanding is that he did not see this crisis as a structural one, but as a crisis of spirit. and the spiritual crisis struck a blow to the heart of the theologian and devout believer. it was of rotting ox, who b for him, a priest as jesus christ representative on earth that so many men of god should abuse and disgrace the priestly order in such a manner, and in so many places hurt him deeply. how, however, inadequate be considered the reaction to the van again, he would all have been far worse without the influence of yours if glancing both before and after his election to the papacy, use the right thing or the guardian of the faith. for him, the crises were the result of a lack of faith. the priests and lay people didn't understand their tests. he countered falling membership and demand for more democratic structures with calls for greater developments. i am convinced that in 200 years time, benedict papacy will be seen as one of the most educational of the modern age of the modern era. the tragedy is that user, for i think i might have been one of the greatest teachers in the history of the church, one of the teachers. but unfortunately his classroom is empty because the school house is burning down. oh, what senior demanded of all catholics that they take their faith seriously without trying to subordinate to human needs or worldly challenges? the context maximus saw himself list as a builder of bridges than a servant of the troops. those expecting something else from him were bound to be disappointed. accordingly, reactions to his state and pastoral visit to germany in 2011 were mixed. met at berlin airport with full military honors, yoseph pricing, or found himself a guest of state in his native land. he went on to airports where he's celebrated an ecumenical service. the benedict doubled the time scheduled for talks and honored martin luther as exemplary in the struggle for 2 things. but he was unwilling to address joint communion or ecumenical marriage with his protestant brethren. the gal that it is the christian faith is not based on a balance of advantages and disadvantages. faith toned to one's personal needs is without value. faith is not something we can imagine and negotiate. a sobering judgment from a protestant point of view. i hope and it's called on the church in germany to free itself from all worldly bonds, to make a clear distinction between the demands of the faith and the needs of the world. but this clear distinction was lacking in the vatican itself. secret documents went missing from the pope's desk. the thief, pola gabriella, the post personal butler, this breach of trust, deeply hurt, rotting, are a man who needed a safe, secure, private life. perhaps more than others. ah, the hunt for the ring leaders lead investigators to the vatican bank, which pope benedict regarded as a secular institution in 2009, he had demanded transparency in line with europe and standards to prevent future money laundering and bribery scandals. this scandal, which became known as very league, became a crisis for church headquarters because the pope was not willing to spread the cloak of secrecy over everything but not everybody in the vatican was prepared to go along with this distinction. then on february 11th 2013 came the big shock. the pope announced his resignation to take effect at the end of the month with no pomp and ceremony. he withdrew 1st to custom. gund also where he made his last public appearance as pope seaborne on 9 weeks later, the 86 year old moved into his place of retirement in the vatican. the market place the benedict and monastery in the vatican garden to the very end. pope benedict, the 16th remained true to his principles. ah, ah, ah, ah, ah . germany's world heritage site like you've never seen them before. from above. cultural treasures of incredible value tourist attractions of timeless beauty. part 2 of our aerial dream trip. check in. in 30 minutes on d w. a revolution on the street. really thinking urban environmental, european city, fearing to leave the way you are cars, more security, greener spaces, and happier, healthier people. read. 90 minutes on d, w. ah. with secrets lie behind these wall, discover new adventures in 360 degrees. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. d w world heritage 360. get the app now. ah ah. this is dw news. welcome to 2023. capitals across europe have been ringing in the new year. we'll take a look at the celebrations from the open air parties here in berlin to the spectacular fireworks over the arc de triomphe virus. also on the show.