In two thousand and eleven the water level built up in the city and its infrastructure is unable to accommodate it. In the past bangkok had networks of canals and natural order ways that would. Serve as natural drainage for water flowing from the north through bangkok to the gulf of thailand with more people and Housing Construction infrastructure or networks of canals and river waste and waterways pretty much blocked by disappeared. You have International Airport where you have to show your state built in flood ways. I think if you look at the root cause they say open land use. To accommodate its growing population new housing was built in areas which provided drainage for the city after monsoons urbanization has transformed the landscape of bangkok rendering the city more vulnerable to flooding. We realize that the flooding is actually occurring in some area where there was a you know factory that newser ground water pumping up. And then we start to do the morning during the day in area and we found that thirty years ago they didnt rate is about ten centimeters per year which is quite a lot so then we are starting to enforce not to use underground water not to use underground water and process it in. Is Getting Better from ten centimeters to say when there are five and up to now. Is completely we have about three centimeter for a year. In bangkok other pumping is limited so the factory is really moved out. And do it across what the pumping because it is still allow at that area is needed as. Creating the you know the intrusion of the sea water. As the sea level rises the coastal lands of bangkok are sinking the waters of encroached by five kilometers in twenty years no one imagined a city could sink at such a right sections of the coastline of bangkok have disappeared. Is the time capital the only city threatened or is it just one among many others. If we go around the world we see that really substance. This is mainly an issue in asian cities bangkok is maybe a classical example where the center of the city has sunk two or three meters in the Twentieth Century making it much more prone to flooding tokyo has sunk up to four meters in the Twentieth Century but the entire city but the bit of the city built on the delta around the port has gone though up to four meters asarco in japan has gone down three meters tianjin gone down two meters shanghai has subsided three meters jakarta in indonesia subsided four meters and is still subsiding very fast today manila probably a meter of calcutta and aca were not really sure but theyre almost certainly going down and then places like new Orleans New Orleans has subsided up to three meters and is continuing to subside vancouver in canada areas there have subsided in excess of a meter and so all these cities ive named have become much more vulnerable to coastal flooding because of this substance without any consideration of other changes. Everywhere in the world citizens sinking because of excessive pumping of ground water for big cities situated on down to other factors can worsen this subsidence the ground under these regions has a natural tendency to compact in the past rivers brought new sediments to partly compensate for this subsidence dams built by man of upset this delicate balance. Sometimes when we had dams put in eventually that sediment was. No longer able to get to the coals it was all being sequestered behind the dams in the reservoirs and then the shoreline was shift landward and weve been building one large dam on earth every day on average for the last one hundred thirty hundred forty years and you see in one thousand nine hundred there were just a very few dams and you will see and read where new dams are forming first in the u. S. Japan india. So the issue of dams is very much part of the story. By diverting river waters with dams and pumping greater quantities of ground water man has upset the balance of Natural Forces yet the growth of more huge cities seems inevitable. Located on the Yangtze Delta shanghai symbolizes the race for Economic Development with twenty three Million People it is the most populated city in china. It involved is Chinese Success and anxious to become the leading Financial Hub in asia. Shanghai continues to grow. Its expansion seems limitless in spite of the threats from nature. Life in this city has always been mocked by the time i fangirl the word which alarms the population is the chinese term for a tropical typhoon which brings violent winds and torrential rains periodic late wreaking havoc on the city. Will happen if the sea level rises the most direct impact on shanghai comes from coastal waters once the maximum water level is reached in the city is flooded from heavy rain or upstream flooding the drainage system wont be able to handle the excess water. High is faced with a huge problem in cases of massive flooding all strong tides its canals will be unable to evacuate such a surplus of water in an effort to. Minus the damage the chinese built the barrier. To entry and. Here we have a flood its meant to prevent the one poor title waters from entering a river. Plus of the normal it lies on the riverbed so it doesnt spoil the landscape it rises every morning in order to block the high tide when at the end of its house. This mobile dike protects an area that has sunk by more than three meters in one hundred years due to excessive pumping of water from the water table. Beginning in one thousand nine hundred twenty is chinese all floridians have been measuring the steady sinking of the city. To study the phenomenon shanghai established a ground subsidence institute the only one of its kind in the world. Delusion and that. Africa has had so yes until the one nine hundred sixty s. Too much ground water was removed in shanghai. Only to mention this led to a severe increase in subsidence. You mentioned earlier dont have this three d. Model shows how subsidence occurred at different times. Alleged that you mentioned here you can see what happened between the one nine hundred sixty s. And two thousand and ten and the mention you can see this of sidelights have been worsening steadily until the implementation of efficient measures to slow it down and keep its evolution under control but how they got there what. A coach. It was only in the one nine hundred sixty is that laws were created to regulate the pumping of water the chinese were the first to recognize the scale of the subsidence. Subsidence is a reversible once. It poses a significant threat high skyscrapers. And it also has an impact on urban infrastructures. Sense of side and it was established in one thousand nine hundred eighty one in shanghai that theyve measured the loss of elevation of two to three meters. Allow me to. Watch on this change the city built an extensive surveillance network. This is our ground subsidence Monitoring Network for shanghai. Its made up of thirty seven land subsidence monitoring stations. Here and one of the this is where we monitor the evolution of ground subsidence and the different layers at various steps. Today the measurements occur it out fully automatic lay the Real Time Monitoring of the different soil layers makes it possible to observe the variations of subsidence more than two hundred meters below the surface today we extract less than ten million tons of water every year as a consequence our level of subsidence remains under six million. Since one thousand nine hundred sixty six pumping from the water tables has been strictly regulated in shanghai yet to ground subsidence continues at a rate of six millimeters per year. Some blame is being put on its many buildings some scientists believe the weight of the huge new skyscrapers is in. Creasing ground subsidence. No expert is willing to comment on this at present. Yet the information has been officially published by the institute for ground subsidence in shanghai. In recent years with the launching of large scale urban construction land subsidence has accelerated. In spite of the possible consequences buildings continue to be built this chinese dream seems unstoppable. But that. Elsewhere in the country new urban centers are developing. News. One of these Development Plans ignore the warnings and they run the risk of causing ground subsidence as in shanghai. In japan the greater tokyo area has a population of thirty seven million. It is the biggest urban center in the world. It is also among the coastal cities threatened by flooding. For more than a century the japanese have struggled to protect their cities against flooding. In ten we had a very big typhoon which cam up here and we got a very serious for at the government of the time decided to excavate this. Does. They wouldnt get rid of the frog. So therefore this. Was a kid with zero point five meters and was on the other so theyre swarming the water i can top this. That because the area behind the river was concrete through it. In the past buffer zones provided a method of diverting from mortars into arable fields then due to a lack of living space in the middle of the Twentieth Century people settled on these fields thereby creating the toto district just as in bangkok and shanghai pumping of groundwater has led to the subsidence of more than one hundred twenty square kilometers in the center of tokyo without my head thats a sign saying that there were you know ground zero in nineteen. Was that so the current say well the river was here was a still higher than. And now im standing on this. So this end. There is a risk. So this was cause rather than just. The risk. Thanks to the roles that acted in nine ten seven days ground subsidence due to excessive pumping of groundwater had stopped so there was no worry about father subsidence but the round subsided there was no hope that we can get the original ground the rebel recovered. From more than forty years the japanese have attempted to contain ground subsidence caused by mans activities and science has identified another cause of subsidence. Japan is regularly hit by earthquakes. On the surface the damage can be considerable. But deeper in the earthquakes also generate an amazing geological phenomenon. Liquefaction. The first comes a big shock. Than it is for the by ricky fox breaker faction is a phenomena that a chorus and loser a deposit in the sand. We have. Rosery deposit sounds. A wrong the coast the rhine or why then mom made recreate the runs so we have grandeur of poverty upset which is not strong and the fabric is comparable to a field of choice what. Once a big us quake chorus base rules probably. Rosies its tracks at camp break. Once they sweat ricky fires they pressurize the water and sand force their ways to this office. So they suffer a sore wont fall into this eerie to fire the zone. So well as see a huge amount of some egypt. And we want to get the redo. You know. After removing the sun must we see the ground subsidence a bit creative. Labs where you can see here on all of these awards. And you can see here or you know growing there ever was place and the side as here must have been. A couple of the towns sound to me just something that. Carries a on as i use ample of a spray induced freak a function can say prices. This tool a mop horse for an underground water tank. And all project having a big horrible and it can get. To be dished out and a lake of fire the soil so they still saying scame up above the ground are of all so many wow this haunting the solar house subsided maybe is there a point five meters or a little roger so therefore this as hollow terrible of the nature of function. And a underground pipes john because why is unable there are many. Things. As they are after the earthquake just not to forget