Revolution. But the aunt without drawbacks to the only going deal. We explore ways to make the most of their shelf life hello and welcome. Im some of that. Im now lithium, ion battery. These power every ping from tools and toys to electric vehicles and Energy Storage systems. When the useful life comes to an end, they can pause a hazard to our health or environment. If not properly managed. You are an india one company is working to ensure that these batteries dont end up as pollutants. Ah. J gama buzz expertly gets down to dismantling another electric battery. Hes been working in this recycling plant for the past 18 months. The former day laborer is proud of his job and they will be plenty to keep him busy for us to come. For people use commute using gasoline vehicles like smoke and cause lots of pollution that causes health issues. Electric vehicles dont cause any kind of pollution or emissions. A growing number of people in india are now switching to electric vehicles. Experts estimate that this your failed will almost triple the previous demand instead of gasoline or diesel electric vehicles, run on batteries, which at the moment im mainly lithium, i n b. Its an environmental conundrum because they usually only have a lifespan of 5 to 7 years. Motion in hunting from the center for science and environment in new delhi explains the problem. We produce about 50000 tons of material my invest in the country. Very little bit to actually get the cycle. Its only now with the coming into the picture and the government setting up these recycling rules back devious management rules. This is just the beginning. The most serious issue is that the toxic substances in the discarded batteries can lead into the ground water wire landfill sites. At the same time, the lithium ion batteries are full of valuable role materials that india has historically had to import from all over the world. Thats created a completely new industrial for about 3 years now, the total company has been recycling lithium, ion batteries, bringing their competent part back into their own material cycle. Goes into the shredder, shattered properly, then the black mass we what we do is the black powder inside the battery is color black. You separate that from the casing of the battery. And then the black must refining process is a further water where using different high energy and it through what you think needs to extract myself like pull bite with a sheet nickel, magnesium, copper, lithium cabinet, and other compounds are also recalled from the old batteries. These Raw Materials can then be used in the production of new batteries, a solution that saves money and makes more environmental sense than extracting more minerals from mines around the world. Where people often work under atrocious conditions. All over the 2nd process open mining because we extract the same metals that come from the mine, but we actually dont physically become dont we are taking vist that is generated by consumers and industrious. Around the world. There are numerous companies, lego terrel recycling, lithium, ion batteries. However, the volume of batteries currently being recycled is still very small, especially given the amount of least expected in the future. Battery recycling is something that the entire world is still trying to figure out. There is still, there needs to be a lot more, i think in less mending would certainly that is one important thing. And the other thing also is that you dont have enough volumes. No, we need huge, large volumes to be able to, uh, perfect, the process and even globally, i think were still in the, we are in the beginning stages. From 2035 india plans to limit sales of new vehicles to 0 emissions models. Only. Experts believe that by the end of the current decade, more than half of all new vehicles would already be all electric. Battery recycling is an important factor in achieving the complete switch to e mobility in india. And if possible, under conditions that are both financially and environmentally sound electric vehicle sales in india have almost triple, echoing a global serge. Thats good news for efforts to thought emissions, but also means the prospect of a, the 1000000 tons of discarded batteries. A bank will be stopped up, has developed an Energy Storage system that runs on 2nd life lithium ion batteries and is making a world of a difference to people in places where power is unreliable. Ah, when the sun goes down and looked up a dish street life usually fades away together with the days dying light. But these 2nd life batteries allow long stretches of road to be lit up after duck. Ah, one of these batteries is also in service in fido, the bungalow. Dean of ation enables street windows to peddle their snacks late into the night by new for her light is the greatest jennifer gone libya . Barbara, i can do my work so much better now. Thanks to the light girl, a dweller driver v intentionally. One of the batteries is delivering energy to electric sewing machines. This makes it possible for seem stresses at the vivica Livelihood Center one more as the bead of b street but article of clothing they produce. And not having to manually operate the machines means less of a physical burden. Ah, let go under the microphone, id always get a pain in my legs at work. And i know i couldnt work for long periods, and i had to constantly stretch my legs. When i put these electric machines, i dont have that problem. I can work for as long as i want to build Something Better than we used to come to work at 9 am. Now we can come an hour later. Ive been back then. We had managed to say 2 or 3 dresses a day. With the electric machines, we can do a lot more. We work as long as we want and manage to get everything done. Pradeep strategy and duction veto butcher founded nunez in bangalore, on their goal was to harness the last remaining energy from used batteries. And that meant experimenting in what was still a relatively unexplored field. Usually there used between a 100 to 8275 percent. Thats where in the 1st live people are usually using it. And between that 75 percent and 50 percent threshold. There is still in most cases, some Usable Energy which you can still use. But in, in the 1st life application it doesnt get used, which is not very efficient, right . I mean, is like, you have one little water water you drink, hopefully to and you draw a half lead away. The 2 men started out in 2017 with used laptop batteries. First, the batteries taken a, but each individual cell is tested for its kennedy content. The functioning ones are assembled into a small, portable battery, which has rented out the street vendors, for example, for around 2 euros a week. The 2nd big project after the laptop, batteries are used batteries from electric cars. Theyve come from a german car, mika, and a converted into buffalo 2nd life batteries lasting for 5 to 10 years. The laptop batteries, which are also charged with solar energy last only about 2 years. New num monitors them by a chip and an app. Each battery is internet connected. As these batteries are internet connected, we get unwanted notification at their end of life and pick up these batteries for recycling. While we also provide a new one as that replacement. At the end of their 2nd life, the batteries end up in this recycling plant, run by some good india, a 100 kilometers not have been glue. The batteries are broken down into their various components, the metallic wrist, mostly aluminum, is sold to metal dealers. The so called black pulp containing the particularly valuable substances is sent to some games mean factory in south korea for further processing. We go over all the available nor does lego bird niguel, lithium, manganese, copper. And again, we send it to our contract fair leg samsung to manufactured near better recycling centers like this. A still pretty thin on the ground in india. But the number of electric us is growing with electric mobility taking center feed in india, bringing the thought efficiency into back to become a major factor into our Sustainable Practices in mobility sector here at the indian to do the science in bengal. Now go funny to could he desa range of medeas, with the aim of increasing battery capacity. Hes the head of the institute steam for advanced Energy Storage research. I see the publishing as parking portion of this ecosystem of electric vehicles and electrification agenda. Re purposing batteries really cost me maybe about 10 percent of the cost of recycling a back to the energy cost. The cost of the environment in terms of chemicals are to be used for recycling and, and the costs and the environment in terms of ways that comes out of recycling batteries. The big advantage of 2nd life batteries is that the environmental friendlier than new ones. And they are also much cheaper, so more people can afford them. If i can cut down the cost of shooting at the city to a common man, it probably will bring every Single Person in the country to have the same level of basic amenities that otherwise dont exist in some of the remote areas and, and bringing that the clarity is, is in itself a big social reform. I think the seem stresses and generally live in small villages nearby. In many cases they can no longer feed themselves and their families from agriculture alone. They now have a regular income at the ceiling workshop. Ah, the batteries mean that their work here can be done at any time of day, which also makes it easier to reconcile work and family life. But one battery is not really enough. The women are hoping for more in building for their homes. We need that a battery with their battery like this. It would also be possible for my children to do their School Homework and we could use it to power household devices like washing machines. That would help us immensely. We can get the miles on it. Well actually has far more ambitious plans in the future. Shed like to open a small business, but forcing machines at home then she could take care of her children while she owns a living. Now batteries of forward the rise of Renewable Energy because we can stored it even when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing. But given the limitations of lithium ion batteries, massages on foreign to our lives, our reporter had to look around. Before we get into the shiny new stuff, we got to talk about the lithium ion battery. Its the Fastest Growing battery segment in the world. Scientist started developing the lithium ion battery during the oil crisis of the 1970s. They hope this could win the west of fossil fuels, but nothing has changed. And it took a while until you could actually buy one engineer stanley wedding m a korea yoshi now and john be good enough help develop the 1st commercially available lithium ion battery that came to market in 1991. Thats them winning the nobel prize for that. You work with nice people and they do all the artwork, renews at burger drives, like as much grovers, you go up, up, up, up, up. The lithium ion battery is good at giving a lot of electricity and shorter burst. So its used for Consumer Electronics and now electric cars. And its also pretty much the only battery we use for storing, grid scale, Renewable Energy. But mining lithium is problematic. It involves pumping underground water deposits to the surface. This use is roughly 70000 leaders to make one ton of lithium. More than half the earths resources are between argentina, bolivia and she lake mining it consumes 65 percent of the regions already scarce. Water supply, lithium ion battery is also typically used cobalt, which is expensive and mine mostly in the democratic republic of congo. News reports have covered the notoriously exploitive business, which uses child miners and devastates local communities. Lithium batteries can also be flammable. If you cant bring them on a plane, you should definitely think twice about a giant one backing up your grid and they lose capacity. So longevity isnt really there forte. So lithium, ion battery work, but they cant be the only solution to store energy, especially on a grid scale. According to the i e, a, were going to need close to 10000 gigawatt hours of Energy Storage worldwide by 2040 to meet climate goals. Thats 50 times the size of the current market. Today, its actually another Technology Pumped Hydro storage that comprises a whopping 96 percent of global storage power capacity. And it basically relies on Pretty Simple gravitational principles. This is romulus, why me not . And shes the head of a thermal storage company, which well get to later. But she has no problem with water. Youve got to reservoirs or lakes one high and one low. And when you have a lot of excess power, you use that excess power to pump the water of pills in a higher reservoir. When you want that power back, you let the water run downstream and turn turbine generator. However, those products are hard to build. They take up massive amounts of space and need exactly the right geography, to lakes and a hill. A lot of them also work within conventional hydro, electric dams, which need lots of upfront capital and disrupt habitat. Storing Renewable Energy will need more flexibility than these reservoirs. One, promising alternative thats making headway comes from something you can find right on your kitchen. Table salt is much more rhonda and hes skinny to lucy. Louise young. Same will be no. Gregory cable. This is rosa palace seen. Shes a battery researcher at the institute of material science and barcelona. She says, sodium is the best alternative because it basically mimics lithium ion battery technology. It has also got one valence electron, the number of electrons and the outermost layer. But sodium is a 1000 times more abundant as 20 to 40 percent cheaper and isnt sensitive to temperature changes. So no issues with blowing up. But it does have lower energy density, thus heavier batteries, which is why it hasnt commercialized sooner. If its for the grid though, this wont matter so much since everything is stationary and for right now, time is of the essence away. Higher in acknowledging or seattle are so much closer to the learners here. While theyre already in the market, Analysts Expect them to be produced at scale and the next few years. Speaking of salt, what if we could store energy in the form of heat and really hot salt swami now tons, Company Malta is doing this in the us. We take Electrical Energy our either directly from Renewable Generation like winder solar or just from the grid. And we convert that into the thermal energy. Turns out that molten salt is a great preserver of heat. It looks kind of like water and has roughly the same viscosity here, so it works when theres excess electricity generated. The energy is used to heat, a large insulated storage tank of molten salt and very high temperatures. I melting point means the salt can absorb a lot of energy. It keeps for 6 plus hours, with the batteries can only manage under 4. When the grid needs power, the plant re converts heat back into electricity through a turbine. While its material costs are relatively low and its system is pretty scalable, its still behind hydro and lithium. The hope is that the market will eventually make a feasible you can do something similar with the piles of sand. We mentioned earlier, a couple of fins decided to use some local pilots to solve one of finlands Biggest Energy issues. Heating, instead of converting the heat back to electricity, they just use it directly. To storage deposit is in the order of 1000 times g m energy june buffers. Michael, ellen and co founded a company that makes sand batteries return the electricity to heat, ugly gum reg installed cheap, lit up there with the large volumes of energy. How much sand undertones of sand. It can store heat at around 500. 00 to 600. 00 ri celsius for months. This heat then goes directly to warm, municipal buildings. Moreover, it could provide heat to one of the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases. They heavy industry sector in cold countries. The solution makes a lot of sense. The Company Currently has one system thats heating con, con, pair a southwestern town with a population of 13000. The 100 tons, sand battery can technically stay hot for months, but they recharged this one in 2 weeks cycles to keep efficient. These are just a couple of solutions. There are dozens of technologies out there right now, each buying for their place in the market flow. Redox batteries, for instance, or another big contender for grid scale storage. They dont function all that differently from lithium ion batteries. And the latter electrons travel between 2 electrodes through a liquid called and electrolyte, creating a current in a flow battery. This liquid electrolyte is stored externally. The larger the tank, the more storage capacity, which means the flow battery can be scaled really easily. And what needs scale, you cast it the grid, chemical technologies, gravity based technology, mechanical technologies, you know, flow, batteries, all that stuff. This is a huge need that were trying to solve. And i think were going to need all the truth is, were not going to quit the lithium ion any time soon. The huge demand for electric cars means that some of the technology is and efficiencies and develop there will spill over to the grid. But the fossil fuel industry is dont into the economy. Its a huge challenge to adapt and tire systems, including infrastructure and policy, to renewable alternatives. And cost is the biggest limiting factor for new technologies. The market decides how far theyve come, and how far theyll go. To africa now and the laboratory and synagogue very such as a looking at the potential to recycle natural waste. Not just to generate energy, but distorted to the aims to produce scalable batteries, from nothing less than a local st. Food staple. Along these buttons, cell batteries may not look very special until you know the raw material used to make them at this lab and dac, ours shake until d up university interior dall peanut shells about thoughtful milestone to c. B. Transforming this type of biomass into advanced materials is a new field of research. See says, 2nd, well rushes, the Scientific Community has been working on a for 2 or 3 years to fix on the ultimate. And we were the 1st to initiate this kind of work here in africa. All right, you see a lovely boss, if all of my peanut shells are plentiful and synagogue, peanuts are one of the countries for most important exports. More than 60 percent of the rural population grows the popular and energy rich leg. Yeah. But this year, a low harvest of around 1600000. 00 tons is expected due to poor rainfall. Until now, the shells have simply been thrown away or burned pure ways and says, professor ben gum, he regularly buys his Raw Materials at the t lane, Central Market in decor avenue, and explains to the trader that he mixed batteries from michelles getting them, bringing it out of i somebody said uber. Oh, id never heard of that on me again. It seems every day you wake up and theres more technology or more developments, but im happy to see it happening. Im well on the la murphy and that the peanut shells help blue eye when they live local and get a music for more than 2 years by the d up and gum has been researching the conversion of bio mass into energy with a group of 15 students so off, well, its a complicated electrochemical process, but 1st the shelves are ground into powder and mixed with water. Yolanda st. Oh, good at all the whole thing. So for a period of time like this, no, i wont tell you how long of it, because thats one of the crucial parameters while optical, those up and then we filter the mixture. And the result is this liquid whose it as opposed to the lumbering. Once we add some more ingredients, we can use it to create the positive charge of the battery was achieved a lot of disclosed. The researchers take advantage of the high carbon content of the shells and extract zinc oxide from them on International Global when the liquid is radiated with sunlight at high temperatures, the zinc oxide evaporates and is converted into metallic zinc, which in turn can store energy these are environmentally friendly batteries that have the same potential as conventional lithium ion batteries for example. But without the disadvantages. Thats because lithium ion battery is contained among other things, cobalt which is often mind by children in dangerous minds and the congo. In addition, reserves of lithium and cobalt are limited, so the plus points are that the peanut battery is produced without cobalt, easier to dispose of cheaper to produce. Introducing these environmentally friendly batteries would be of great help to synagogue. Since 40 percent of rural households have no connection to the state power grid, they rely on batteries or alternative Energy Sources like solar or simply dont have access to any form of energy. There is a huge gap in Energy Supplied according to this environmental analyst, hulu. Basic up asking for to fulfill the law. But its, i think we have to move toward the development of Energy Sources like bio mass in y m. S. Energy can be an answer today because a girl is a major producer of peanuts with a huge supply of peanut shells. That go on for areas like has a mass which has a significant amount of bio mass. And the development of this Energy Source will allow us to close a large part of the existing gap. Dont go permit that as of a gun party undergrad, dig up. It will see that in preliminary trials, the researchers were able to power remote controls or cell phones with their bio batteries. But their product isnt market ready yet. Lives on. We now need to further optimize all the processes in the lab to get all the parameters fully under control so that the system working properly. And then it will be ready for market called me dollar machine. The Research Team and decker is now sure their batteries work for, however, further research and money is needed before they can upscale production and so that people in synagogue can actually use peanut power batteries. So even innovation for the Sustainable Future and not without their share of compounding consequences as weve seen today. But accounting to solutions to these problems right from the start is bound to make a huge difference for the better. I leave you with that part and see you will get next week goodbye and thanks for watching ah ah ah, with who. 8 0, for dickie, he lived with the call for his murder. Sun roof deep is now near. Relieve, survived in 2 years ago in an interview. He told us living in a our is literature. On 15 minutes on d. W. Trinity, the disaster august 1 year ago. The totally mine and hands into the ass and cabin International Troops leave the country head over heels of decades of reconstruction. Work is lost. What really happened in the fall of columns close up in 90 minutes on d. W. O has no limits. Love is for everybody. Love is life. I love matters and thats my new podcast. Im evelyn char, mom and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that more divide and deny that this i have invited many a year and well i guess. And i would like to invite you to an end departure into the today this meet flying to a foreign planet in the 16th century, it meant in a captain as setting sale to discover a route to the world famous sea voyage of ferdinand of magellan. Id rather erase linked to military interests, erase links to political and military christy, but it was certainly linked to many financial interests and adventure full of hardships, dangers and death 3 years, and that would change the world forever. But jillions journey around the world starts september 7th on d, w. Ah, [000 00 00;00] ah, this is dw, live from beverly, explosions, rock, military base and russian occupied crimea. Moscow says its evacuated, 3000 people from the area, and claims that fell victim to saba top. Its the 2nd major attack on russian