Batteries. Power every ping from tools and toys to electric vehicles and Energy Storage systems. But when the useful life comes to an end, they can pour the hazard to our health or environment, if not properly managed. You are an india one company is working to ensure that these batteries dont end up as pollutants. Ah. M j gama buzz expertly gets down to dismantling another electric battery. He has been working in the recycling plant for the past 18 months. The former day laborer is proud of his job and there will be plenty to keep him busy for years to come. Ah l m l for the people use a commute using gasoline vehicles, hot volume it smoke and cause lots of pollution that causes health issues. Electric vehicles dont cause any kind of pollution or emissions for a growing number of people in india. And now switching to electric vehicles, experts estimate that this your sales will almost triple the previous years demand, instead of gasoline or diesel electric vehicles, run on batteries, which at the moment are mainly lithium ion based. Its an environmental conundrum because they usually only have a lifespan of 5 to 7 years. Motion monte, from the center for science and environment in new delhi, explains the problem. Me brody is about 50000. 00 tons of lithium i invest in the country. Very little altered, actually get 3 cycle. Its only now with even coming into the picture and the government setting up these recycling rules, like the Waste Management rules. This is just the beginning. The most serious issue is that the toxic substances in the discarded batteries can leach into the ground water via landfill sites. At the same time, the lithium ion batteries are full of valuable Raw Materials that india has historically had to import from all over the world. Thats created a completely new industry for about 3 years. Now, the taro company has been recycling lithium ion batteries, bringing their competent parts back into their own material cycle with going into the shredder shredded properly. Then that must be what we do. The black powder inside the battery is called as black. You separate that from the casing of the battery. And then the black mas refining process is a further, were using different high energy and it through what you think need to extract michael, like bite with his sheet nickel, magnesium, copper, lithium cabinet, and other compounds are also recalled from the old. A battering is, these Raw Materials can then be used in the production of new batteries, a solution that saves money and makes more environmental sense than extracting more minerals from mind around the world that people often wore under atrocious conditions. We call the 2nd process of mining because we extract the fame metals that come from the mine, but we actually dont physically, they dont. We are taking vist that is generated by consumers and industrial around the world. Numerous Companies Like taro, recycling lithium, ion batteries. However, the volume of batteries currently being recycled, its still very small, especially given the amount of least expected in the future. Battery recycling is something thats the entire world is still trying to figure out a student that needs to be a lot more. I think investment into thought in be that is one important thing. And the other thing also is that it didnt have enough for new know, we need huge, large volumes to be able to fix the process. And even globally, i think were still in the, in the beginning stages, from 2035 india plans to limit sales of new vegas to 0 emissions models. Only experts believe that by the end of the current decade, more than half of all new vacancy that already be all electric. Back as recycling is an thought and factor in achieving the complete switch to e mobility in india. And if possible, under conditions that are both financially and environmentally sound electric vehicle sales in india have almost tripled. Echoing a global search. Thats good news for efforts for thought emissions, but also beans. The prospect of a multi 1000000 ton heap of discarded batteries. A bank will be start up, has developed an Energy Storage system that runs on 2nd life, lithium ion batteries and is making a world of a difference to people in places where power is unreliable. Ah, when the sun goes down, enrolled with the british st. Life usually fades away together with the days dying light. But these 2nd life batteries allow long stretches of road to be lit up after duck. Ah, one of these batteries is also in service in finally, bengal. Dean ovation enables street windows to peddle their snacks late into the night by moving her light is the greatest jennifer from libya, barbara, i can do my work so much better now. Thanks to the light girl. A 2 hour drive of the engine, her leave. One of the batteries is delivering energy to electric sewing machines. This makes it possible for seamstresses at the vehicle to Livelihood Center one more as the appeal of b street. But article of clothing they produce and not having to manually operate the machines means less of a physical burden. Ah, let go under the microphone, might always get pain and my legs at work. And i know i couldnt work for long periods, and i had to constantly stretch my legs. But these electric machines and i dont have that problem, i can work for as long as i want to sentence or that we used to come to work at 9 am. Now we can come an hour later. Ive been back then, we had managed to say 2 or 3 dresses a day. With the electric machines, we can do a lot more and we work as long as we want to manage to get everything done. Pradeep strategy and doesnt veto butcher founded noonan in bengal on for their goal was to harness the last remaining energy from used batteries. And that meant experimenting in what was still a relatively unexplored feed. Oh, usually they used between a 100 to 8275 percent. Thats where in the 1st life people are usually using it and between that 75 percent and 50 percent threshold, there is still in most cases some Usable Energy which you can still use. But in, in the 1st life application it doesnt get used, which is not very efficient, right . I mean, is like, you have one little water water. You drink half alita and you draw a half lead away. The 2 men started out in 2017 with used laptop batteries 1st the batteries taken, but each individual cell is tested for is the energy content. The functioning ones are assembled into a small, portable battery, which has rented out the st lenders, for example, for around 2 euros a week. The 2nd big project after the laptop, batteries are used. Batteries from electric cars div come from a german, comical and a converted into buffalo 2nd life batteries lasting for 5 to 10 years. The laptop batteries, which are also charged with solar energy last only about 2 years. No, no monitors them buy a chip and an app. Each battery is internet connected. As these back teeth are internet connected, we get a month notification at their end of life and pick up these batteries for recycling. While we also provide a new one as the replacement at the end of their 2nd life, the batteries end up in this recycling plant run by some good india, a 100 kilometers not have been glue. The batteries are broken down into their various components. The metallic beast, mostly aluminum, is sold to metal dealers. The so called black pulp containing the particularly valuable substances is sent to san gaines mean factory in south korea for further processing. We it equal were all the valuable meadows, her leg Wilbert Niguel lithium. Ah, manganese copper and again we send it so our contract fair leg samsung to manufactured near better recycling centers like this. A still pretty thin on the ground in india. But the number of electric us is growing with electric mobility taking center feed in india, bringing the thought efficiency into back to become a major factor into our Sustainable Practices in mobility sector here at the end didnt due to science in bengal. Now the funny antiquity desa range of medina with the aim of increasing battery capacity. Hes the head of the institute steam for advanced Energy Storage research. I see the publishing as parking portion of this ecosystem of electric vehicles and electrification gender re purposing batteries. Really cost me maybe about 10 percent of the cost of recycling, a batting, the energy cost, the cost and the environment in terms of chemicals are to be used for recycling and, and the costs and the environment in terms of ways that comes out of recycling, batteries the big advantage of 2nd life batteries is that did environmentally friendly than new ones, and they are also much cheaper. So more people can afford them. If i can cut down the cost of shooting at the city to a common man, it probably will bring every Single Person in the country to have the same level of basic amenities that otherwise dont exist in some of the remote areas and, and bringing that the clarity is, is in itself a big social reform. I think the seem stresses and generally live in small villages nearby. In many cases they can no longer feed themselves and their families from agriculture alone. They now have a regular income at the ceiling workshop. Ah, the batteries mean that their work here can be done at any time of day, which also makes it easier to reconcile work and family life. But one bedroom is not really enough. The women are hoping for more in building for their homes. We need that a battery with a battery like this. It would also be possible for my children to do their School Homework and we could use it to power household devices like washing machines. That would help us immensely. We can get them well. Let me has far more ambitious plans. In the future. Shed like to open a small business. But forcing machines at home then she could take care of her children. While she earns a living now batteries of fall would the rise of Renewable Energy because we can store it even when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing. Or given the limitations of lithium ion batteries, massages on for alternators, our reporter had to look around. Before we get into the shiny new stuff, we gotta talk about the lithium ion battery. Its the Fastest Growing battery segment in the world. Scientist started developing the lithium ion battery during the oil crisis of the 1970s. They hope this could win the west of fossil fuels, but nothing has changed. And it took a while until you could actually buy one engineers, stanley whittingham, a korea yoshi now and john, be good enough help develop the 1st commercially available lithium ion battery to came to market in 1991. Thats them winning the nobel prize for that. You work with nice people and they do all the artwork or news of burger drives, like as much grovers. You go up, up, up, up, up. The lithium ion battery is good at giving a lot of electricity and shorter burst. So its used for Consumer Electronics and now electric cars. And its also pretty much the only battery we use for storing, grid scale, Renewable Energy. But mining lithium is problematic. It involves pumping underground water deposits to the surface. This use is roughly 70000 leaders to make one ton of lithium. More than half the earth resources are between argentina, bolivia and she late mining it consumes 65 percent of the regions already scarce. Water supply, lithium ion battery is also typically used cobalt, which is expensive and mine mostly in the democratic republic of congo. News reports have covered the notoriously exploitive business, which uses child miners and devastates local communities. Lithium batteries can also be flammable. If you cant bring them on a plane, you should definitely think twice about a giant one backing up your grid and they lose capacity. So longevity isnt really there. Forte. So lithium ion batteries work, but they cant be the only solution to store energy, especially on a grid scale. According to the i e. A, were going to need close to 10000 gigawatt hours of Energy Storage worldwide by 2040 to meet climate goals. Thats 50 times the size of the current market today. Its actually another Technology Pumped Hydro storage that comprises a whopping 96 percent of global storage power capacity. And it basically relies on Pretty Simple gravitational principles. This is ramona swami not on. Shes the head of a thermal storage company, which well get to later, but she has no problem with water. Youve got to run worse or leaks one high and one low. And when you have a lot of excess power, you use that exist power to pump the water of pills in a higher reservoir. When you want that power back, you let the water run downstream and turn a turbine generator. However, those products are hard to build the teacup, massive amounts of space and need exactly the right geography, 2 lakes, and a hill. A lot of them also work within conventional hydro, electric dams, which need lots of up front capital and disrupt habitat. Storing Renewable Energy will need more flexibility than these reservoirs. One, promising alternative thats making headway comes from something you can find right on your kitchen. Table salt. Much more on the need. Skinny glue, senior grease young. Same robin, the gregory cable. This is rosa paula scene. Shes a battery researcher at the institute of material science and barcelona. She says, sodium is the best alternative because it basically mimics lithium ion battery technology. It has also got one valence electron, the number of electrons in the outermost layer. But sodium is a 1000 times more abundant is 20 to 40 percent cheaper and isnt sensitive to temperature changes. So no issues with blowing up. But it does have lower energy density, thus heavier batteries, which is why it hasnt commercialized sooner. If its for the grid though, this wont matter so much since everything is stationary and for right now, time is of the essence away, higher in a seattle. Oh, so much closer look here. While theyre already in the market, Analysts Expect them to be produced and sale in the next few years. Speaking of salt, what if we could store energy in the form of heat and really hot salt swami now tons, Company Malta is doing this in the us. We take Electrical Energy our either directly from Renewable Generation like winder solar or just from the grid. And we convert that into thermal energy. Turns out that molten salt is a great preserver of heat. It looks kind of like water and has roughly the same viscosity here, so it works when theres excess electricity generated. The energy is used to heat, a large insulated storage tank of molten salt and very high temperatures. I melting point means the salt can absorb a lot of energy. It keeps for 6 plus hours with the batteries can only manage under for when the grid needs power, the plant re converts heat back into electricity through a turbine. While its material costs are relatively low and its system is pretty scalable, its still behind hydro and lithium. The hope is that the market will eventually make a feasible. You can do something similar with the piles of sand. We mentioned earlier, a couple of fins decided to use some local pilots to solve one of finlands Biggest Energy issues heating, instead of converting the heat back to electricity, they just use it directly to storage diversity in the order of thousands of times she had an unwilling june buffers michael, ellen and co founded a company that makes sand batteries return the electricity to heat, ugly gum reg installed cheap lit up. We can bear with the large volumes of energy, how much sand undertones of sand. It can store heat at around 500. 00 to 600. 00 ri celsius for months. This heat then goes directly to warm municipal buildings. Moreover, it could provide heat to one of the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases, the heavy industry sector in comb countries. The solution makes a lot of sense. The Company Currently has one system thats heating con, con path. A southwestern town with a population of 13000. The 100 tons, sand battery can technically stay hot for months, but they recharged this one in 2 weeks cycles to keep it efficient. These are just a couple of solutions. There are dozens of technologies out there right now, each buying for their place in the market flow. Redox batteries, for instance, or another big contender for grid scale storage. They dont function all that differently from lithium ion batteries. And the latter electrons travel between 2 electrodes through a liquid called and electrolyte, creating a current in a flow battery. This liquid electrolyte is stored externally. The larger the tank, the more storage capacity, which means the flow battery can be scaled really easily. And what need scale, you guessed it, the grid, chemical technologies, gravity based technology, mechanical technologies, you know, flow, batteries, all that stuff. This is a huge need that were trying to solve. And i think were in the truth is, were not going to quit the lithium ion any time soon. The huge demand for electric cars means that some of the technologies and efficiencies and develop and there will spill over to the grid. But the fossil fuel industry is dont into the economy. Its a huge challenge to adapt and tire systems, including infrastructure and policy to renewable alternatives. Cost is the biggest limiting factor for new technologies. The market decides how far theyve come and how far down go to africa now, and the laboratory and synagogue very such as a looking at the potential to recycle natural waste. Not just and generate energy, but distorted to the aim is to produce scalable batteries, from nothing less than a local st. Full staple, a wrong these buttons. So batteries may not look very special until you know, the raw material used to make them at this lab. And dac, ours, shake until d up university interior dall. Peanut shells dot dot hallmark, shonda cbs, transforming this type of biomass into advanced materials is a new field of research and says its invalid rushes. The Scientific Community has been working on a for 2 or 3 years dealt to fix on the ultimate and we were the 1st to initiate this kind of work here in africa. All right, you see on lovely bossy, alma peanut shells are plentiful and synagogue peanuts are one of the countries for most important exports. More than 60 percent of the rural population grows the popular and energy rich lega. But this year, a low harvest of around 1600000. 00 tons is expected due to poor rainfall. Until now, the shells have simply been thrown away or burned. Pure waste says professor, in gum, he regularly buys his Raw Materials at the t lane, Central Market in jack r m, and explains to the trader that he makes batteries from michelles. Yeah. Other than buying at ally, somebody said uber. Oh, id never heard of that. I mean, again, it seems, every day you wake up and theres more technology, more developments. But im happy to see it happening on both on the la martha and that the peanut shells help blue light. I went to live local and got a music music for more than 2 years by the d up and gum has been researching the conversion of bio mass into energy with a group of 15 students so off. Well, its a complicated electrochemical process. First, the shelves are ground into a powder full and mixed with water. Oh, la la st. On good, a thought. The whole thing. So for a period of time like this, i dont know, i wont tell you how long of it, because thats one of the crucial parameters. Well optical, those up and then we filter the mixture. And the result is this liquid was it, as opposed to the lumbering. Once we add some more ingredients, we can use it to create the positive charge of the battery was achieved a lot of disclosed. The researchers take advantage of the high carbon content of the shells and extract a zinc oxide from them bonded to raj global when the liquid is radiated with sunlight at high temperatures. The zinc oxide evaporates and is converted into metallic zinc, which in turn can store energy these are environmentally friendly batteries that have the same potential as conventional lithium ion batteries for example. But without the disadvantages. Thats because lithium ion batteries contain among other things, cobalt which is often mind by children in dangerous minds in the congo. In addition, reserves of lithium and cobalt are limited. So the plus points are that the peanut battery is produced without cobalt, easier to dispose of cheaper to produce. Introducing these environmentally friendly batteries would be of great help to synagogue. Since 40 percent of rural households have no connection to the state power grid. They rely on batteries or alternative Energy Sources like solar or simply dont have access to any form of energy. There is a huge gap in energy supply. This according to this environmental analyst role as a basic up a pasco full, he fulfilled this gap love body. I think we have to move toward the development of Energy Sources like bio mass, labial mos in his e. L y, a mass energy can be an answer to day of the car. Because senegal is a major producer of peanuts, with a huge supply of peanut shells in my, in on can, will look that us is gone. Were a zone for areas like cause a mass which has a significant amount of bio mass. Amplify the development of this Energy Source that will allow us to close a large part of the existing gap. Dont go will permit that has already gone potty, undergrad niga. He exists. All right, well see that in preliminary trials, the researchers were able to power remote controls or so phones with their bio batteries. But their product isnt market ready yet, liz . Oh, we now need to further up to my as all the processes in the lab to get all the parameters fully under control. Because the so that the system works properly, the total told us off and then it will be ready for market san quoted me dollar machine. The Research Team and decker is now sure their batteries work. However, further research and money is needed before they can upscale production milligrams so that people in synagogue can actually use peanut power batteries. To soc is usa even innovations for a Sustainable Future and not without their share of compounding consequences as weve seen tonight. But accounting for solutions to these problems right from the start is bound to make a huge difference for the better i leave you with that thought and see you again next week. Good bye. And thanks for watching. Ah, ah ah, ah, with who a former president. Im afghanistan. Im had cars, i was in an exclusive interview. The w correspondence, Sandra Peters may speak with him in kabul, where hes under house arrest. So we have to do all we can fight for the right. For, for sure to know if our daughters to our interview with how many cars i in 30 minutes on d. W. And whats going on here with oh, they are good questions. You can find the answers here. All the games, all the goals. The point is that you go highlights 20 minutes on dw and new tag along to this special hotspots in germany. Youre going to load d, w, travel tree lane. When, oh, you become a criminal. Mm Franklin Mayo already know whos with hackers . Paralyzing the tire societies. Computers that out sure. You and governments that go crazy for your data. We explain how these technologies work, how they can work for but how they can also go terribly. Watch it now on youtube. Mm hm. Oh ah business the w news live from berlin, kenya declares its the next president , but the battle might not be over. William rojo wins the title contested race, but several Election Officials say they will not stand by the result. Also of the program with the waves and droughts drying up in europe waterways. Low water level is the ryan river are threatening to bring shipping to the stance to oh
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