By face it we be very early in the morning so as to feel the energy of the water. The water washes away all the bad things from our bodies and thats why we bathe very early so we can work but if. You. Cut it will. Come in that my name is to peano be a while. Particularly im the son of the chief body type thats because. The amazon basin often called the green lung of our planet has been inhabited for centuries by hundreds of different ethnic groups. The nearly six million square kilometers of rain forest extends of the Nine Countries in south america. The team live in brazil shingo indigenous park the Largest National park created to protect Indigenous Peoples they are devoted to protecting the threatened rain forest. As frontline witnesses of the effects of Climate Change their voices have joined a chorus of scientists who say that saving amazonia is a matter of the utmost urgency. Arm the future leader of the year one a pretty people. Now carry on my fathers struggle that i grew up with my father struggled to protect nature. And fought for the land and to keep the river clean. Those are my fathers gold its. Because i was raised with them i must continue a struggle and think of the future of my children. Dismissed as. The year one of the deep population is growing once again today. So your left a month or more. Years ago the all the pretty nearly died down. There were only seven people left. Among the seven was my grandfather pyro and his brother sorry your. Son but me a handful in the one nine hundred sixty s. The young p. T. Have now increased their numbers to several hundred but the future is uncertain. Chappies father i return to is the kiss seeking the chief of the tri. See we have gathered here and i will name the names of the first whites we met as a londoner of the last war. On cloudy oh we lost more yes they put this land in our hands so we must take care of it. I return to witness the disastrous effect of the First Contact between tribal peoples and european settlers decades ago. The settlers brought with them Infectious Diseases to which the indians had no immunity. Such exposure wiped out numerous try. A push began to protect the rain forest people from extinction. Activists including the villas boas brothers demarcated the lands of local tribes on the shingle river which became a National Park in one nine hundred sixty one. Reads. This footage from one nine hundred seventy three shows the quadruped ritual with which the Indigenous People of the uppish in good river honor the souls of their ancestors. The ancient ceremony is still carried out today. This is just a year after the death of the old cacique the p. T. Begin the ceremony lasting several days to liberate the spirits of the departed. The giant flutes are the voice of the souls of the forest. Song drives away evil spirits. Love to teach pain their bodies will be ok shifts. How. The tribes people have come to accept that they have to struggle to in order to preserve if theyre. Savvy has left the tribe to study in the city. Has returned for the quota route festival of the day. I live on the coast and by shot a scientist. Ive been here a week and ive been doing a lot of fishing and this week ive caught about one hundred fish similar. To move. In the world outside the shingle reserve theres no more respect the rivers are being abused the fish are being decimated. They want to destroy everything. It would break my heart if we lost our land up in the mind of god. I want to return here but i have to study more because i want to show the community what ive learned in the city you have been doing for god i thank you thank you. Thank you thank. You thank you. Explode. In the center of the village its time for the villages to start stomping to awaken the dead. Rupe is one of the major festivals in the tribal world but in this day the villages are uneasy. Pims of smoke coming dangerously close and threatening to disturb the age old ritual. Of the calling fire fighters. To use come to the village to put out a fire would be i came out. Of. Forest fires are among the greatest danger is not only in the shingle reserve but in all of the amazon basin. The fire is often said deliberately for big landowners who want to clear the forest and use the land for cattle grazing all monoculture crops. Some of the most about meds again this is the strategy we adopt the fire is moving towards the village in the center of the village is an area without hot and we have to get the front under control that is heading for the beach so if it gets too close to the straw roofs will catch fire which would be a disaster will be a part of us about your life you see the tree there standing alone can reach it on foot yes lets go. In the dry period from june to october the amazon basin is ringed by wildfires. In twenty sixteen a massive and don was raised in with the worst drought in fifty. Three percent theyve been working here for a year on your feet when they come when we need to know the president. Is cooking the fire burns up part. Additional Medicinal Plants some of the resources for years that if they might get it you know. Like. The firefighters have limited means at their disposal the brigade of young indigenous men has only read a mentor a clip from. The story if you dont watch i am a mule to a posh owl and i belong to a firefight has been eight from brasilia im here to supervise the big eight from the shingle National Park. Live. Using never before the situation is alarming if you dont do the wild piles of destroying many hectares of forests youre going to want to. Call me uncle i. Feel the last resort to prevent the worst its just also count a fire in the underbrush. From i would think we call this being a file we open up a line of defense and the ping of fire serves as a counter fire i think a global. It runs counter to the main fire and that way we can control the entire defense line into law pulled out do you think we deploy before you feel. This century is the Indigenous Peoples cleared land by burning safety. By the high levels of moisture in the forest but dwindling rainfall has now reduced that natural fire protection. Now there are fears that much of the rain forest could turn into a savannah. To measure the effects of Climate Change on the amazon basin a Research Center was set up in the rain forest. The amazonian tool tower observatory opened in twenty fifteen is several hours drive from. The movie my name is antonio monsey im a meteorologist and my specialty is the interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere over the past years my work has mainly focused on the effect of Greenhouse Gases and their exchange between the atmosphere and the surface of the ground. On the water were heading to the r two tower the tallest weather observatory in the amazon it was built to hold the equipment that measures the interaction between the tropical rainforest and the atmosphere and the effects on the climate in the region often if someone is going to go one of the most creative you can be motherhood. You. Three hundred and twenty five meter high tower rises above the forest canopy the unique Metal Construction supports measuring instruments designed to monitor one of the most sensitive ecosystems on our planet. Jim and meteorologist is part of the mission designed to predict future. Oh yeah. Heres what you got two screens a sink we can see as far as forty to fifty kilometers at certain times of the day just fight we collect a lot of different data depending on whether its the rainy or dry season i become i say we dont just want to see the difference between the seasons we want to find out whether there are long term changes sumi for example see how much the c o two concentration will rise in the coming years youll see honest giving i would have a little bit with this tower we aim to monitor the ecosystem over the long term and to follow the developments of global Climate Change over a period of ten to twenty years that stem the rising c o two concentration in the atmosphere the rise in temperature the probable changes in the amount and intensity of precipitation and how all that affects the ecosystem of the amazon rain forest and its relationship to the atmosphere the sixty one to forty s. Does that tell us on what was a out of almost one year tell us off of the Amazon Region faces many threats today in the us a of the problems one of them is manmade deforestation into my own and however the biggest threat is fossil fuels seeming to for sure they pose a very serious problem for a little because the increase in atmospheric Greenhouse Gas concentrations mean can trigger climatic changes that will make the amazon basin much drier this legally to the point where there wont be enough water left by sea to sustain the current ecosystem for all of the you know did i will say to see if the models at sistema still similar to the muscle and. The latest Scientific Research on the role of the rainforest matches the observation. Of the Indigenous Peoples who have lived here for centuries but for them the forest also has a spiritual significance. The imus and basin with more than a thousand tributaries has driven evolutionary processes and countless species of animals and plants. On the shingle river the lifeline for the humans in the region toppy and his son merits are two of the first witnesses of the changes in store. Thanks. To the market. This is the trail of a jaguar. Thats what i always tell my son not to go out into the forest alone its much too dangerous because the jaguar could get in. Its already attacked one member of our trial jaguar jumped on him a tree and clawed open his chest. Great about this so its very risky to go into the forest alone for some odd. Foot toppy the forest is an open book and he passes on his knowledge with justice and where its. Fun to live. When i was little i didnt realise how important the forest was. But now with Climate Change the air is sometimes so warm and if there is no rain. In the rainy period is true. Theres less rain. In the morning. And thats made it clear to me that we have to protect the forest. Because here in the shingle region we have only a tiny island of forest left to his. He shows me medicines and how to protect the forest so it will still be here for us in the future. This is a sacred place where there are wild and beauty im a forest extends a long way in this direction i dont know how many kilometers nothing has been slashed and burned areas still interested in. We teach our children by showing them the secrets of the forest. Here you send a very powerful energy. Even to the energy of the spirits of nature. The you can sense the atmosphere with the hate speech. If you breathe in the per family of the flowers or plants. That. Give you new energy and love it you feel much better this is. More. For us not to do as people its part of life to take good care of the forest with. The indigenous reserves in the natural environment. The territories marked in light green on the back make up ten percent of the area of brazil. The eight hundred thousand square kilometers has roughly the area france and germany combined home to five hundred thousand people. But its not only the Indigenous Lands on the rivet that have attracted the attention of the Agro Industry which is spending more and more forest by the day in the state of muscle growth which borders on the protected area the rain forest has been nearly completely depleted over the past four decades. Instead of giant trees soybean silos rise up into the sky. Said his here the forest was never a sacred place but land to become cultivation. Today brazil is the Worlds Largest so expose. And with two hundred twenty million heads of cattle it is also one of the worlds biggest beef exports its today the Agricultural Industry poses the greatest danger to the amazon basin. Millfield she had to do it i came here on august eighteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty four ive been living in kalita for forty two years the since i was eleven years old and now im fifty three soon turning fifty four here are some money used to see nothing but forest here there were no houses just trees. We cut up the road without change source. We felled trees so we could keep going back them there were just two houses. You saw wild boars and jack was. Here four or five years later the first cattle. We cut down more trees to make grazing land for four months in the beginning we had five or six animals intensive livestock breeding didnt start until nine hundred Seventy Eight but. Then they were. Back then the settlers came in troops fleeing poverty in the north east of brazil to exploit the wealth of the rain forest. If you could see a photograph from back then you wouldnt believe your eyes there was nothing here but forest. Uncontrolled settlement led to a host of environmental disasters. The conquest of western brazil began in one nine hundred seventy with the construction of the trans amazonian highway the plan of the military regime at the time was to open up as the slogan went land without men in the amazon for men without land in the north. For four thousand kilometers the highway cuts like a scar through the heart of the rain. Forest. The access it created kicked off an unparalleled gold rush. In the one nine hundred eighty s. The sarap another gold mine became a symbol of the ruthless exploitation of the amazon. In the gigantic raissa carved out by human hands thousands of prospect is including many forced labor is scramble to find the precious metal. The destructive history of the mine is today reflected in the food on eyes of the few remaining gold hunters who wont or cant give up their dream of eldorado. My name is rhyme or do that im sixty four and i came here in one nine hundred eighty nine. I was a bricklayer and i came because i thought it would be better here but it was worse. There was nothing but forest pastures just forest and there were no roads. Just. That the twenty years ago there was still a lot of gold but now you hardly find any. One that i saw but ive stayed on to wait for my pension which i will probably never get to live in class so i. Feel. Thats her. You extract the gold first you run it over the seeds then it sinks to the bottom of the pan. This is a chemical a very concentrated acid thats banned whats really in it i dont know. All told i extracted about ten kilograms in twenty six years. But if prospectors destroy the land that they dig huge holes then theyve got a boy who. Continues to work the crated polluted area trapped in an environment increasingly ravaged by men make destruction. I wonder. When i first came here there was much more rain and the rainy season started in september or october and lasted until mid may. Last then everything here was flooded now the rainy season begins in march the river dries up and brings no more water in august. When sabs the fault of deforestation i dont have another explanation they say he acts as if the thousand hectares of forest were felled back there its sad they say they saw me and my god that. Deforestation brings misery and poverty and conflicts between searches and Indigenous People. Was injured on the bomb oh my god it was the indios came into our tents and stole our food and everything we had then. They ripped up the tents no matter if they are made of cloth or plastic and disappeared. What are you going to do well take on an indio who is armed with a bow and arrow we gold prospectors have firearms and we sometimes fight with the india but its complicated the media is only interested in the indios they dont care about us brazilians indios can kill you but you cant even hit them or youll end up in jail so when indio starts something youd better get out of there and keep your mouth shut if you dont want to die i dont know why they get preferential treatment the indios dont make any money for brazil theyre not like us i dont really know what they do and the single n. D. O. Reserve they have airplanes cars weapons the indios get everything and what do we get. Nothing. Not the. Colliding here each full of prejudice and lack of understanding of the other. But it is essential to build up trust and style as a dialogue to rescue whats left of the forest. In the space of just one century. The amazon rain forest has disappeared. In america we know that we need to have good relations with the world of the whites out there but indeed we have to make contact with them especially with our neighbors the farmers. And my father and i have already visited several farms to talk with their owners. Ask them to work with us and not allow logs onto our land and no fishermen. Only. We Indigenous People are always told dont quarrel with the farmers but treat them like allies but it works the other way too. They should help us to protect our hand and keep trespassers out of our reserves if its. Relations with the world. The whites should be peaceful and based on mutual respect. This year the river has dried out. Water levels have gone down tremendously. Its worrisome to see so many sandbanks where there used to be water but i have never seen so little water in the river. Because of the dam. For the dam was there there was always enough water. But after the dam was built the water level dropped and there were no more parish. The fish are being held back by the dam wall and can swim into the river running. Through is the heart of what resulted in a wonderful a true paradise leave the forest alive because you will need it. But the government in brasilia appears unwilling to engage in dialogue protecting the Indigenous People and the rain forest is not a priority. The dam nearing completion on the shingle river is one of the biggest in the world yet the belmont a dam complex is just one more the forest and its inhabitants. Gigantic projects including seventy major planned to make brazil a global play on the energy. But every damn destroys the ecological balance of the rain forest and decimates its incredible biodiversity thousands of its animal and plant species are believed to be still undiscovered. Humanity scientists see that as the truth. I will. Because its a funny thing because if you are frightened of the forest if you dont feel the forest you cant see the forest and strangely enough people who wear boots and shoes tread on snakes much more often than people who will see a faith so i also do it to say. I am bill magnussen im with the National Institute on the Amazonian Research and ive been here for thirty six years and i studied biodiversity and all of its aspects from where it is to how to maintain its funny finding those people who want to help maintain it. So we have you know this is planned and. Plymouth. Which halletts to the air. And sea as well as. This plant. Provides housing and food for these ants. They dont look like they do you very much the moment but we have done experiments where we think and they say its all and within two weeks the plant has been totally before me i did it made stance the defendants go through these plants that we say around many of them are undescribed. In the stream that we have here may have species that feel the amount of. Species that we can see is enormous if you take into account all of those things that we cant see which is that thousands of spaces of funky that might be in the soil. The tiny animals that three cycle everything that comes from the top and allows the system to work. This is what. Makes the forest work for us. And that is what we dont understand we know it works wed like to know why it works but we just dont know most of the answers to the questions. What makes the amazon system run. Water most people dont realize it but a pretty big thing to be amazon is classified as wetland and that this war to make the whole system that maintains them by diversity but those who just want to maintain the biodiversity the Market Growth of the also maintains the water when the water comes off the ocean unfold from the eastern side of the amazon in one drying in the soil and be taken away. But the the about preparing for asian prices want to back up into the the trees pump it back out into the it and it gets taken further across the amazon and thats. Repeats itself until it or me is right and gets rolled across to the edge of the entity that is then the break that down to the south of brazil to the most important agricultural layer in from brazil other places in the world with that lab and she visits so they agricultural areas of brazil the pins. Which is generated by the trade with the animal when you reduce the forests to a certain point the system will collapse. Will have a savannah in the amazon will have a dance and in the south of brazil. We have potential for curing illnesses providing new sorts of foods we have been working with a lot of indigenous communities what we need to give them the information. Through integrate they normally in the wealthiest of. Just surprised has a spiritual significance with Indigenous People. Their beliefs a based on respect for the environment in which they depend for survival. Creation is the great day tiva mazzini makes three three life into a tree which then turned into a human. After death a persons spirit he tends to the tree. Its the bullets the myope. While i can while theyre plotting the most important ritual here is the part of a minute ya know its healed where venerating my uncle para comando now by i think that our father already towners brother who died last year. And this is the tree trunk we felt for him but. He wasnt just any tree of the states they put a special one that we cut down in honor of our leaders. Six months theres a need to say. He was a very important matter. Both the Mother Community and for the fight for indigenous rights in the gate to dispose indeed. A cyclone say if i get out this song is sacred and if we sing it while we decorate the tree trunk it was that the through it as soon as the singer starts we start doing. The spirit and the soul of a dead person as president thats this and watches us as we honor and decency. In the mantle of im fine. But. The singer continues singing until dawn. When the song is finished up in the dead mans soul travels to another world where the sun and moon forming the village of sort of days a month out there thats the end of the ritual in the years that you cloth. This earth. Itself its. Just. Not. In accordance with tradition all the tribes from the up a shingle come to attend the quadruped. They own it theyre dead together and complete. A wrestling contest that can help reduce tensions between the individual tribes. And these peaceful Indigenous Peoples are essentially against violence which in their view is something reserved for animals or listen. To the british this motif. Its a fish. You do i like it thats why i chose it but today. Tomorrow ill also be fighting with a certain element to it i mean i would. Say. You know its a good fight to have to stop training as a boy once hes fourteen years old i have to eat special routes to make him feel strong and helping grow up to be a strong and courageous man quoted over the austrian shoot. And then my my you know how do you know that you know boy you. Know you see it on the tribes here today or other cordie kourou caught up i know of much you know who i went to and while it out. I was. Sure. Was. There and when you go who cares a competition its a man meant you came first the champions faceoff i have to be the winner is the one who first manages to grab his opponents find its a done deal but you know enough to knock him down but if you die you can also throw your opponent on his back and being in those are the rules to say. The. Everyones very excited to go hookah as a very important ritual for the preservation of our culture here in the shingle reserve. Accused in the shooting its part of our identity. From us i have to concentrate because it will be very hard. I said with a but as far as i can see our opponents are afraid of our fighters for the last without. The loss of the big enough guy. To come out of. The car it is still an authentic rachel tourists are not allowed to enter the reset. But how long will that continue to be the case see just cut the fight. To the top fund on the look at the end of the fight the tree trunk is lifted into the water. And. Yes and thats the end of our ritual. My father and my cousins will be released from their mourning they returned to normal life and can dance again theyve been asked to demonstrate that. You. And the king of the. Chiefs are using new technologies like the internet or the automobile as weapons in the battle to preserve our culture and came on then. Our struggle is taking place right here and you know stuff this is really. A return to and his son tapia two of the last guardians of the amazon they are fighting for their survival and the survival of the rain forest. If no action is taken against the deforestation of the region then fifty years from now the amazon rain forest will be reduced to half its current size. The Indigenous People will not win this battle without help from the rest of the world. Quadriga the International Talk show for journalists to discuss the topic of the week. Of nations is warning of Climate Chaos with millions of dead and refugees come a Climate Conference in palm beach or find a way out of this dire scenario does our topic this week with me brian thomas spot on. Quadriga thirty minutes on d w. Wouldnt have been fighting for the case taking seriously in the world of what appears this coming out women strong. Superhero. Smartarse smart stage managing brain creasing really dangerous times are for w. For my. Continent is really venting itself as a cover because tech scene discovers its True Potential inventors entrepreneurs and high Tech Professionals talk about their visions successes and day to day business interest. Its. History you know everyone says. He sees the. Digital africa starts to summer twelfth on t w. This is d. W. News coming to you live from one of germanys biggest political changes in decades on the michael has led the conservative c. D. U. For eighteen years today the party elects a new leader and whoever that is could end up becoming germanys new chancellor also on the program the eiffel tower and other prison landmarks prepared to close as fred