At the heart of europe a region in change a country that took a long time to unify people who only stunted regarding themselves as german as the centuries progressed who were added they come from. The by law. Questions about the history of the german people. There is no mention of the germans in the tenth century the tribes of the bavarians saxon swabian franks are connected mainly by their language. A common external enemy strengthens their cohesion one who wants to seize the moment and rule is king over the german territories and as emperor over Christian Europe otto the first. Seven contingents from german tribes Twelve Thousand fighters from bavaria the frankish territory swabian lorraine and bohemia have followed their kings call for help otto is pinning his hopes on a decisive battle the magyars have never fought against king author but they are confident of victory. Last their reputation precedes them as it has been for year after year more than fifty times already the dreaded horsemen from the steps have swept into the empire on plundering raids they burned down castles towns and churches and caused a bloodbath among the populace nobody was spared the words of a chronicler thats why the magyars were called enemies of mankind and of christianity. To come has after america god will protect us. Everything is at stake for king auto his crown and his vision of becoming an emperor as powerful as charlemagne the german tribes are united as they fight a common enemy its a life and death situation. Germany in the tenth century inhospitable landscapes and ancient forests fragmented lacking fixed borders home to four Million People at this point in time its future is still uncertain. Forty. Nine thousand years before the battle of lets face it auto is still just the duke of saxony hes on his way to our home with his six year old son leo doth whos due to succeed him one day almost all of his subjects are peasants most of them selves living on the breadline no one talks yet of a king of the germans or. The kingdom of germany is a land of jukes some tribes open up weve made it and they elect a common king arthurs father king henry has died a successor must be chosen from among his sons and crowned here in our home thats why autumn has convened all the juice and the highest ranking counts from all of the tribes the history of the germans can be said to begin here with the arrival of author the first charlemagnes imperial palace not only the nobility have shown up close report that many commoners have come to. Archbishop heard about of mines greets auto. Auto once to be crowned henry successor in the palace chapel. The mortal remains of charlemagne are buried here he is venerated by the germans and the french as the father of the nation. In the year eight hundred forty three his grandchildren divide up the frankish empire into the kingdoms of west frank here middle frank here and east frank here they are home to four old germanic tribes saxons franks swabian and bavarians these lands would one day become the do chill land the land of the germans there is only one image of ottos father king henry an almost unrecognizable one on a seal he breaks with charlemagnes tradition in order to secure authority he doesnt divide up the realm among his sons just one of them is to be king otto its the First Step Towards a kingdom of the germans. The monk to change reports in his chronicle what changes place on the day of the coronation in a hundred its a time when hardly anyone can read let alone write not even the nobility as a result grand gestures and significant rituals are needed they made him king according to their custom then they promised him advice and assistance the chronicler read a kynge reporters line of fire your enemies are my enemies your friends are my friends i wish to be loyal and at your site it will talk most candid and ability to the oh boy dont give out exactly. The dukes pledge their fealty to their king the monocle most always know its the tribal chiefs and the nords who choose the rulers from the day of autos coronation on this electoral principle will hold for. Almost nine centuries. In alters case no vote for the king is still accompanied by the consent of the people if you accept this choice raise your right hand to heaven. We took in the monk reports that the people accepted the choice. After the first is crowned king here in the octagon of a hundred seadrill where the throne of charlemagne still stands a further thirty german rulers will follow in autos footsteps the announcement by archbishop heard about makes auto the representative of god on earth in line with the custom of the time. One team are made your head never be without the oil of mercy. The bishop places the dear demon on his head and proclaims him king and the successor of charlemagne. Of to be crowned now and in the future with eternal reward. The german kingdom was to be based on the divine will the appointment by the lords and the legacy of history he was now the king of all the german speaking tribes but would that be enough for him whats he planning much the throne of an emperor is not a kings house. When auto also sat on charlemagnes throne it was seen as outrageous hubris as if he wanted to demonstrate to claim to be emperor of all of western christendom. Particles of out of the great was the first medieval ruler who wanted to assert rule by one man does that lead to great resistance in his family among his brothers who wanted to be involved in the royal rules or given he responded to this with great violence in other cases he tried to respect claims overall we must conclude that otto the great ruled firmly trusting in god and exhibiting great tenacity consequence to his. Work in the middle ages a king ruled from his saddle because this realm didnt have a capital a true seat of government as a result also was an idea to enter and king during the german lands with his almost two thousand strong entourage for a good one hundred and eighty days a year. When the king came the towns villages and monasteries were responsible for feeding everyone the peasants in particular were hard hit god bless the king but may he never return was a common saying. Ottos first trip after his car a nation in our home took him to the Collegiate Church incredibly in bourg. After years of hard work re stories have revealed neros in the crypt that had been almost totally covered up. Among the many biblical scenes in the vault there is also one very worldly image king auto with his crown and scepter more than a thousand years after it was made the restore is returned a face to this fresco from the early period of german history. In. The elaborately restored collegian. Churching treadling book is now a World Heritage site otto felt drawn to the crypt it was his spiritual center. He was known to be pious and regularly went on pilgrimages to the grave of his father henry to whom many owed his kingdom for god. To use them whom you can. To be seen to the. Community. Thats what the lords prayer sounds like in a saxon ottos language from them whom english. People who struggled to believe such as king otto didnt just have to fear his brothers who envied their fathers favoritism again and again bands of hung gary and riders roamed through the kingdom pillaging and murdering they call themselves magyars. Auto now had a duty to protect his realm. Bomb. And he was a devout christian. Cultures will protect us lord from the magyars ours. Ottos father had built fortifications as a defense against the hung gary and riders the saxon palace invalid for example. In times of danger the people could withdraw to forts behind ramparts ditches and palisades. The king gave the peasants land and weapons he also had grain stored so that his subjects could withstand longer sieges. Lag. Half. Past. The ramparts of that saxon foretell still visible today but back then they were not enough to prevent the maggianos from invading the kingdom. Because all to move from place to place some of his subjects will have seen him and spoken to him. One of his books. Where business. And scott fundamental a book equal my. Father you learn english young me how to live up a video and we dont know what not even angus merely hunger one will be. Free for the young was. Really with one big i mean. Evoke winning three crocky gun gun you got his nom. Yeah. How do we know what language the people spoke back then. Were the tribes in autos kingdom able to understand each other. The evil. The Monastic Library of design gallon in switzerland contains many treasures from the early middle ages manuscripts provide insight into how the germans communicated back then the oldest book in the german language was written by monks in around eighty eight hundred its a dictionary for travelers the codex. The word exams motor sounds similar to the modern german word zamfir routines or gentle while the modern sounds similar to di mucci or humble as passed from one language and they understood each other even though they had strong dialects as we say today varian franconia saxon manik sometimes communication was difficult for him but what we call old high german today is a somewhat artificial georgian its not one language that people actually spoke of although the great caused a stir in bavaria with his saxon dialect finally got rid of the nobody theres concrete testimony to that story. The muck to book rider is believed to be a likeness of auto the ambitious kings enemies included not only some of his brothers but some jukes too he could only secure his power he knew if he expanded his own ancestors lands the most powerful german speaking tribe the saxons lived here on the aber around the year one thousand. Baht of the first transform the in significant fishing village in market of my god to book into the rose city of marketable he had it surrounded by a wall churches built a royal palace and a cathedral. To bork remains one of germanys most magnificent cities until its destruction in the thirty years more. Than half. After its graphic reconstruction the cathedral was one of the largest in germany the in throne couple were chiseled into sandstone in a round twelve forty one of the most beautiful sculptures of the german middle ages. Its believed to depict king auto and his first wife at gaeta when autos beloved wife died he married again. He. He chose adelaide a burgundy the widow of the italian king otto has a young son with her henry. His son from his first marriage leo dorothy was long since grown up he was already there at the coronation are one up until now he was regarded as the rightful successor to his fathers throne. Well well with le tally and. Stop it at once leo doth utter tell him to stop showing respect for the future king. As arcturus did you say king yes. Aged and i look im a legitimate there. Are you going to break all for her. My father my father is silent. So i must answer. Nobody could know how far leo doff would go to assert his claim to the throne and what allies he would seek out. In the year nine hundred fifty three the magyars attacked autos kingdom once again. And they set fire to castles and towns and caused such a bloodbath that there was threats of total depopulation. The words of a chronicle of the enemies of god and mankind as the magyars were called at the time managed to get all the way to the rhine a nice way being utils dutchy remained unscathed. Ottos son had decided not to fight the magyars and to negotiate with them instead like other noble men he tried to quench the mag yards green for loot with gold and silver. But leo doff wanted more he met with hawker boot school the military leader. Again. Tell him i know of even greater spoils for you. Didnt just want to buy himself out with the odds they were to undermine his fathers power and help him assert his claim to the throne be stupid before you really king arthurs son. You know yes his firstborn was on the. Up but he wants to take the crown from innovation and my companion will lead you to the rhine youll find more treasure there than one man can carry help yourself to my fathers riches. Lead all spanked with the magyars became known he was not just risking his fathers room but also opening up the land to the magyars what then happened in a hostile in Middle Franconia may be exactly how the lay of hilda planned to trace the father son conflict. The warriors examined their gear prepared their armor and buckled swords two men of the same blood father and some. Odd. But what have you done to me what have you done to meet. The future how much more disloyalty will you show me. Stories arent you my flesh and blood on pretty big. Fire youre taking everything the crowd my honor my pride. Submit yourself your father never lets. Us again. Next. Year dont freeze able to flee from hostile my own son is my worst enemy often laments. Little finds a place of refuge in hagens book on the river danube october sieges the episcopal city for six weeks a famine ensues the gates are opened that same night reagans book almost burns down to the ground but near dove manages to flee again will he continue to fight against his father when he seek help from the magyars again. The duke in the chronicler reports the following incident the king has gone hunting in a place called suba dune when seventy a ragged warrior and his account its leo dog otto son he is isolated himself with his treason the jukes close ranks on the side of the king. Stand with my son. Dauth was gripped by the deepest removes he swore to be a bt and henceforth and to fulfill his fathers every wish the words of the chronicler as he is king by the grace of god otto feels bound to show mercy to his last son but leo daughter has forfeited any right to succeed oughtnt to the throne. Last. Now auto confronts the external enemy they must drive out the maggie outs with the United Forces the kinkos the worriers from all the tribes across the realm to come to lay his fate yet oh spoke the town is under siege by the mag else and refuses to surrender. Ah. Ah the cross of oil face in the church of saint africa still commemorates the siege more than a thousand years later the people of ox book were hoping that auto would liberate them with his confederation of tribes. Defense against the heathens was organized by bishop he rode against the magyars knowing he might die it is saint. Legend has it that oughta munched on the plane of lets face it with all the warriors from the kingdom under his banner. The contingents came from the very swabian behemoths. Franconia and lowering. Most of the warriors were provided by powerful bishops. Under the banner of st michael auto managed to assemble an army that was truly enormous by the standards of the time Twelve Thousand men it was to be a decisive battle. Down the my cows have destroyed our towns set our churches on fire and killed many people and its your fault that hurt it should we retreat from the enemies of god and mankind in our own country what in finding office on the mentions of if i can laugh. Now and we must show firm courage in the face of these heathens and their old desi advice the saxon monk the two king was the only one to report auto speech on the less fit plane his account was clearly intended to portray a heroic image of the king of the coast territory. Gets cast in our letters speak with our swords instead of our tongues theres question. Father in heaven give us life and victory and. Later generations would call this moment on the ledge said the birth of the gem its. The lunts king auto carried at the battle of lets face it is part of the imperial regalia that are now kept in vienna. Comparative in. Yes to geisha and show it to date back to the time of charlemagne when this type of luntz was common. But it has gone down in history as the holy lands. To the insect not assist in the time of alter the great the holy lands were seen as a symbol of authority its owner was seen as the true bearer of kingship result of the holy lands held the special power because it was seen as a relic with which a special part of christs passion had survived the fear. Legend has it that a roman soldier stabbed the crucified christ in the side with this nonsense as a result auto and his warriors believed it to be holy. This classification as a relic gave it an aura of a weapon that would bring victory you that would bolster out of the great and his troops in battle if you had it you were invincible. That man. Auto has chosen a wide open plain. Let them come. He has his armor drydens form long lines there to keep close drags. On and. Let them come. Last have courage god protect us. The holy lance was to sanctify this battle ottos worry is believe the magyars to be healed there are churches all formidable they can kill from afar the agile horsemen avoid close up combat. I. They dont aim at specific targets instead they fire devastating scattered volleys. But this time autos army is better equipped than many arrows bounce off their shields and the chain mail also provides protection his rank stand firm much to the magyar surprise thats what auto has been banking on. Man on words. Last. Now the kings riders take the offensive. The braver man among the enemies resisted in the beginning but when they saw how their fellow warriors were playing they were surrounded by hours and were killed one after the of. Thats how the chronicle describes the back of. The magyars were not equipped for one on one combat. They only had Light Weapons and nothing with which to combat the lances and long swords of their opponents. The victory at left for it gives the author of the standing he once as a chosen defender of god and glorious monic he now sees himself summoned to higher. He shows no mercy. No magyar returns home those who are captured are decapitated and their leader is not the only man to be hanged its a brutal revenge but the battle of lestrade is a turning point. And you need a larger audience and if auto the great had been defeated it probably would have meant that they would have had to start paying tribute to the magyars the allies maybe auto would have fallen for all this would have meant that the kingdom would have been organized as individual tribes again but victory at lesh failed gave otto the great and uncontested position you seek of the initiates hes recognized across western europe in fact in the east and you can definitely say that this was an important part of creating an identity in east frankie which then later led to the german empire and some bushes are from britain it was one. Thing auto was now called the great defender of the fatherland. The joint victory it left fate brought the german tribes closer together. The realm was taking shape stretching from the out still the north sea and the baltic and to the ebb and the zola in the east. But also had even greater ambitions he wanted to follow in the tradition of the brown men and prison much charlemagne to become emperor he had to go to italy. With an army of more than a thousand warriors auto cross the outs in nine hundred sixty one when the pope cote for his help pope john the twelfth is being pressured by the king of italy who contested the pontiff claim to rome was victorious and established his own rule in italy. He went to rome on the roads of the foremost seasons. Otto the great was fifty years old by now a ripe old age. He entered the capital of the ancient roman empire as king he wanted to return home as emperor. The romans werent impressed. Now you eternal rome have been taken by the saxon king the saying went. On the spot where michelangelos basilica of some peaches now stands the pope once pronounced charlemagne the emperor of the christian west. The same was to happen this time it is said that auto was crowned emperor on this round stone made of porfiry emperor of a realm that would one day be known as the Holy Roman Empire of the german nation. A chronicler reports that the romans and italys princes didnt like the oath that auto swore when the pope made him emperor. In the use of force in the name of christ i swear that i will forever be the protector and defender of this Holy Roman Church and all its territories you might be an infant receive the symbol of glory this is how the allegiance between the german king and the roman pontiff was forged in the name of the father the son and the holy ghost. Had achieved his goal of being the successor of charlemagne in europe signal glorify the symbol of glory the imperial crown the most significant item in the imperial regalia. Its now in the treasury of the whole four palace in vienna it said that author the great was crowned emperor with it percent. Trees this crown would be the symbol of the empire. Form. Form. King david and king solomon autos role models everything he does is done in the name of the lord. Barony and i guess eric meant three main kings reign. The corner with the guys in this crown and the imperial honor gave the emperor of primacy over all the other kings in europe it was more honor but not greater power all the holy roman emperors wore those crown until eighteen or six with hiding or edition eyes. From now on empire was part of german history sometimes as a Unifying Force between the german nobility wishing for autonomy sometimes as a trigger for war and division but the notion of empire united the germans across borders and religion after the end of the Holy Roman Empire of the german nation in the early Nineteenth Century the mythical notion of empire was revived in eight hundred seventy one in the second empire of the kaisers. Hitlers third highest tried to appropriate the regalia for itself but in the end germany faced the mockery of the victorious and nice. Lad the ruler from the saxon nobility was now king of the germans king of italy and holy roman emperor. He was called the. Darling of the world and the head of the whole globe. I am. His challenges grew with his empire. Otto felt drawn to italy the saxon and his warriors like the south. Otto and his entourage spent ten years in italy where they had to assert themselves against powerful opponents against italian princes byzantines and arabs. And. The long absence from the land of his birth was seen as the king seen it was said that his kingdom had been off and thats the price he paid for a european empire that was also contested by the byzantine empire in the southeast. Since auto cannot defeat by santi im he seeks to create peace through marriage. His son was to marry a byzantine princess but the plan didnt go all together smoothly. Until you were promised the empress daughter in steps i want to foist a distant relative on the house she. She is not born in the purple that is followed. Do you like her. She isnt worthy of it. Send a bastard back. The emperor wanted to find a conciliatory solution and made a decision for his son. In. The ice to my water the sake of peace. One of the most beautiful marriage certificates of the middle ages attests to the union between two worlds that now recognised each other. The second and the often no would room together but what was their legacy. Is going to patrol were going side we should emphasize that the period of otto the great reign contains several milestones on the way towards a german history and hes a modern steiner in the battle. Lash fell down the empire and with that on to the great didnt nuff for germanys history before the torch was history. After many years in italy otto longed for the land of his fathers again video came to his chronicler wrote he returned to jemaine ia with great wealth and victorious troops trying to follow. Us what are you reading. It says here your land horrifies people with its marshes and forests and you drink an intoxicating brew of barley and wheat about whom does it say that. About your ancestors the german a couples why do romans call you two tons. Because they fear us but the two sons who once invaded italy and now their emperor is assumption is transaction you guys. Seen as an only child they also dismissively call you to. Detach. Oh those stuck up romans they only like latin they despise the languages of the germanic peoples money. They went to rome with auto the great has saxons swades francs and bavarians they returned home with the imperial crown and the name the italians gave them they would soon become accustomed to the name and eventually use it themselves deutsche and jones. Her. Already. Enter the conflict zone confronting the powerful the first step is a lot of this is the ally for the western knowledge you dont relate it to suppressing hogged fake eleven ships and pretending its no longer needs it my guest is the turkish Prime Minister a resolute fellow who show you the differences between turkey and the e. U. Becoming impossible to reconcile complex soft skin thirty minutes on g. W. Every journey begins with the first step and every language but the first word published in the book. Rico is in germany to learn german and why not learn to tell it simple online on your mobile and free to sapps w z learning course nikos fake german meetings see. How the germans came together in one nation from shanda munyon to chancellor also from bismarck. The history of the germans has been shaped by great learners. I swell always to bring my Royal College of best to protect christendom and spread just fine truth making even as we learn to fear a sort. Of weeds of cool people the enemy luke and steered by courageous decisions based above alcohols cozier mastery we have received the crown of our own from god down from his presumptuous servant to the romans because his. Soccer team please god. We must forge peace. The germans if we would. Look. The russian journalists he was reported killed in kiev on shes day has turned up alive and well its a press conference arkady bout shanku appeared with the head of ukraines Security Services he said the journalists day had been staged to foil an alleged kremlin plot to murder him. Its a leeds Prime Minister days