Can you hear me. Now give me your initialisation text from the time the Third Generation needs four hundred androids fighting against your house do the cooking mind the kids are going to use your points. In Science Fiction films scientists reason life into a machine. If you want to be mean. Many neuroscientists researches and robotics experts today are on a quest to create an artificial brain modeled on the human brain they believe its within the realm of possibility that the information inside our brains can be extracted and transferred to a machine that will then replace us. The brain is a kind of machine and machines are things that you can analyze and understands and represent in mathematics and recreate you can build other versions of. The yard why a program our soul is our. In a hundred years we will know how to upload peoples minds into computers are scientists really on course to unlocking the mysteries of the human brain in a way that will enable them to build one just like it one day. Our journey begins anew circa inside one mans imagination she roshi ishiguro was a Science Fiction fan and robotics expert whos exploring what it takes to be human. She started replication himself by building an android that will live forever. Christian body is not important so we can have our share of bodies a state of redemption. And you wish we had a more powerful calculators more powerful rabat so remake chains this year and all the addition is from other humans i get. To bring back you know many. Are now. Ishiguro in vision sees robots being put to use as receptionists or Television Presenter economists at. Right now theyre little more than a torment on the quipped with software that issue guru is still working to perfect. English hes. Convinced that the technology is only in its infancy is it possible that will one day be able to replicate a human brain just as we hope to be able one day to replicate an arm or leg or hand. It. Someday that people may have been this kind of mechanic or. The head and then the buyer and the kong and some not so metros and there are some knock on the others so that people may use that this guy know what they can or does to rip or is the. Head in the machines. Is this a dream or a nightmare could the human brain really be replaced by a machine to make that vision a reality scientists would have to know how to reproduce the functions of all the brain cells and that in turn would require an understanding of the incredibly complex network of connected nerve cells some one hundred billion neurons that help make up the brain picked. It up. Talked. In a nod to the human genome project researches in the us coined the term connect to denote a comprehensive map of all the neural connections in the human brain. Decipher in leagues between the brain structure and its function is the new holy grail of science. Since twenty ten a huge project supported by the National Institutes of health has been seeking to map the entire human your a wiring system by scanning the brains of twelve hundred patients its called the human connector project. Were here at the Martinos Imaging Center having a look at the connectome scanner which is the first scanner in the world created to map connectivity in the human brain its the most powerful scanner for this use by a factor of four compared to the other scanners it consumes up to twenty megawatts of electricity when its running at full speed for comparison thats about the amount of electricity produced by a nuclear submarine. In a state of rest hundreds of subjects brains are being scanned by this unique m. R. I. Machine. Researches have also developed a helmet of senses to trace connections in the brain in the highest possible resolution. Its enabled them to produce a three d. Computer image depicting the main pathways of the human brain. Every one of these colored lines corresponds to a sort of high way on which information travels from one area of the brain to another. This big green structure over here look at it on the side it goes from the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe its critical for language. This pathway connects the speech the mouth area over here. Or to the hearing area over here and if this thing gets blown by lets say a stroke that might occur here or a trauma then this person is likely to have a difficulty articulating or comprehending speech. This picture is like a snapshot of the information flow constantly taking place inside our brains the images united by the connect own project have been published by International News media and leading scientific journal. Turns out that all of the bilateral animals on earth the largest number of animals that youll recognise as animals are bilateral they have a left side and a right side and a front and a back so this is apparently the basic plan of all nervous systems all the biological brains are like this why probably the first purpose they served was propulsion. The new technology for allowing research was to look deep into the structure of the brain. Results of the connect own project show that the brain despite the dizzy and complexity of its circuits is put together in a way that highly structured and almost mathematical. Scientists work to better understand the workings of the brain in order to develop improved treatments for brain diseases. Could the work being conducted of the worlds most prestigious universities and did large scientific consortiums one day result in the development of an artificial brain. One of the Biggest Challenges of neuroscience is understanding how sensory input is transformed into neural connections within the brain and among the most Prestigious Research laboratories the race is on to find the answer. At Harvard UniversityJeffrey Lichtman is a pioneer in this field of research. Hes trying to construct a complete mouse brain connector home of unprecedented resolution to that end he commissioned the construction of the worlds most powerful scanning electron microscope. I am. This machine can cut a one millimeter thick slice of mouse brain into thirty five thousand atom film crosssection. Across sections of inlaid end to end like the frames of a film. This process allows the researches to map a mouse brain fragment equivalent to the size of a grain of sand. In a while. One hundred thousand fold in a large amount the frames allow them to produce exact diagrams of the brains neural wiring. For example we can see how this red youre on the green your. Further its possible to distinguish the space between both neurons this gap is called the synapse. To transmit information the neuron located in front of the synapse releases chemicals shown here is a little white dots called neuro transmitters. Chemical medium through which signals flow from one your on to the next. Its through these continuous transmitter exchanges that our brain transfers information between your. Neuro science believes that unlike a computer our brains dont store information in a specific place like files that can be retrieved just by searching through our thoughts instead its believed each piece of information is coded through a particular connection pattern between neurons this one might be your first childhood memory. This one the answer to two plus two. And another the way your legs move when you ride a bike. Are activated the stronger the connections become. The neurotransmitter. Seen here seems to reflect the information stored in our brains but the process that transforms this information into synoptic connections remains a mystery to science. There must be an algorithm a some kind of mechanism that turns information about the world into a physicality. The wiring in the brain there must be some rule or rules that do that that work the same in everyones part and if we could figure out how its done its not impossible to imagine you could then decode you can go the other way reverse engineer you could say i see a wiring diagram and now i can tell you what it must be called. The trouble is that Jeff Lichtman and hes team spent five years putting together this picture which represents only three billions of amasses brain. Who could have imagined that such a small fragment of the cortex could harvest so many mysteries. Depends on your point of view whether this is awesome or just depressing but theres way more archs they heard that we were anticipating. The rate were doing it now it will be in over one hundred billion i think its hard to say one hundred billion your first book rick would be complete and i will certainly be dead in a hundred billion years im certain but. At that pace its unlikely the Human Connection will be completed any time soon but there are enough optimists who believe it can be done and theyre convinced that after the success of the coding the human genome the era of the connectome will soon. In the United States the connectome has become so fashionable that some neuroscientists are advancing the theory that we are our own connect own they believe our thoughts memories and feelings are in coded in the billions of possible ways neurons interact randall colonel specializes in computational neuroscience an area of research that aims to understand our brains with the help of computer models. He says our brain is like a super computer capable of managing the huge amount of information it in countenance. Which you have to realize is well the brain is a kind of machine its a biological machine assume that everything that we are is generated through biological machinery. And machines are things that you can eliason understands and represent in mathematics and recreate you can build other versions of meaningly. Learning is convinced that the ability to create an artificial brain is only a question of time even calling to the concept of whole brain emulation uploading the mind to a computer. And the kernel has defined the necessary steps to accomplish this he thinks mapping the brains connections is merely the first step in her own process. To connect almost the map of the brain so its kind of like all of the letters in a book but just having the letters of a book on a desk is not the same as the story the story is the act of reading those letters reading those words and making sentences out of them to connect on itself is nothing if. It cant run if you cant run in the brain if it doesnt produce something the activity in the brain through the connector thats really who we are. There would be little sense in mapping the connections in the brain if we couldnt understand which thoughts or actions they correspond to. Bush recent advances in imaging and Information Technologies could transform scientists understanding of how the brain works. At Carnegie Mellon university in pittsburgh for instance researches are working on new ways to decode our thoughts. For project leader marcel just the mind is no longer a private realm thats inaccessible to others. My dream is to explain the nature of human thought our mind is our sort of most private place the place you can always retreat to and nobody can get at it normally but with new technologies were going to be able to get inside peoples minds the infrastructure of the mind is the brain its in your mind its in your brain of its in your brain it should be decoded. In this study volunteers were placed in an m. R. I. Machine and presented with two hundred forty simple sentences. The policeman arrested the angry driver. The victim feared the criminal. The journalist interviewed the judge. The tree was green. Depending on which sent. Was rid seven areas of the brain revealed more activities another. Pantry or all that. The experiment showed that each of the sentences yielded similar brain activity in each of the subjects. We think that were different for each other because we speak different languages and were different clothes and so on but the structure of our brain just like the structure of our legs and knees we all walk the same way and it didnt occur to us that we all think very similarly and so for example for the concept of apple everybody holds an apple the same way everybody bites into an apple the same way and so if you say think apple you get similar brain activation patterns so this is this. New finding. That. We have this commonality in our brains its not a random pattern that we all have its systematic. The research has developed a program with which they could adem to find the phrase a subject was reading simply by analyzing the brain regions activated during reading. But here for example well actually to predict the center of its unfair to criminal as you can see we get this clusters of high activation is because this era is specialized in representing social interaction and also you as the another closer into right and this area in for we about those of you post mentos. And because the senate has this kind of social emotional component so thats why we will see actuation patterns in that area. From the activation pattern the computer per looks of the content of all two hundred forty senses that we have and says which one is the closest in the context and in this case it gets it. Right it means that theres a systematic relationship mapping between the meaning of a sentence and the brain activation pattern. The results open up a new world from us though just for example they could lead to the development of computer programs with the power to decode our thoughts. Research marches on you know give us another another five ten years and maybe we can upload the personality the personality is in a persons brain i mean that thats what controls whether were trying to gentle or cruel or whatever and yes its there and its just a matter of patiently figuring out what the code is and how it works and how it arises and so on. Although marcel just is optimistic were still a long way from decoding human personality but still his scientific Progress Office hope to some who dream of building an artificial brain so they can live forever. On the frontlines of this quest for immortality is russian entrepreneur dimitri its. Once the head of the media group he left his position to launch a project called initiative twenty forty five. Hes seeking to transplant his own brain complete with memories and consciousness into a not official body within the next thirty years secured. Hes invested a part of his fortune in the project and has sought to get other billionaires and talk researches on board. His project may sound crazy but hes convinced it will succeed. By twenty forty five his body will have reached the end of its lifespan but his mind will be in. And this richer people. Will be the world so perhaps says when he says it will have you know all the providers of all ages just want. The world is on the edge in the meantime its called plans to be able to intermediate avatars to bridge the gap until he can achieve his ultimate goal theyre the topic of this promotional video which is reminiscent of a trailer for a hollywood blockbuster. The race for immortality starts awful cars for the next forty years two thousand and twenty the albums are as creatives enjoyed robots to replace people in manufacturing tossed some two thousand to two thousand. A really bright also project a brain reverse engineering is incremented while science comes very close to understanding the principles of consciousness two thousand and thirty five the First Successful attempt to transfer ones personality join alternative college talk of cybernetic immortality to give. Other any parallels between the reality of science of the fantasy of its cost commercial like his avatar a for example a robot shaped like a human thats powered by thought its slated to be operational by twenty twenty. Two kuna vestey in durham North Carolina is one of the leading experts in this field. For more than thirty years nicolelis has been extracting and decoding information from brains and then transforming this information into a computer language that machines can understand. When i started work as a nurse im just thinking that you. Could be called the brain well we had to call to do genetic code why not in your own accord and for the last thirty years i have looked for it very intensively over you know in many different species i have recorded the brains of my friends my keys humans you name it i record it. In nicholas a celebratory dmitri its coughs prophecies and his avatar have already become a reality. In this experiment a monkey controls a wheelchair solely by using its brain power. The animals goal is to reach a bunch of grapes. The monkey basically learns to navigate with his real chair by using the brain activity alone it doesnt need to do any movements doesnt have to produce any hand movements anything it just imagines the trajectory and we are gathering the signal was three hundred four hundred neurons and sending the output to the wheelchair after some much radical transformations are applied so that a monkey can collect the reward. The experiments began with a simple video game in one thousand nine hundred eighty four and have since been repeated worldwide a recess monkey named aurora used a joystick to move a customer inside a circle as a reward she was given fruit juice her brain activity was transmitted to an artificial on which exactly reproduce time movements then one morning he removed the joystick. The moment was very the tackler. We got a lawyer to do this task and without too much warning we removed the joystick she had no joystick and m. R. So in the beginning she tried to move the arm in the air when nothing happens suddenly basically clicks and the cursor stirs movie and starts going to do target like she used to go when she was moving her arm but there was no joystick in him watch she just relaxed completely change ok what do i need to move my arm somehow that is working and the moment she stopped moving and the cursor continued to go you could hear a fly going into the room because were completely mute we couldnt talk for an hour she played again we dont move there was a moment in which we saw a brain for the first time liberating itself from the physical limits of a body and acting on the world by itself really. Is almost like he said ok i dont need this body or i mean im bigger than this body. After much repetition aurora managed to create an electric brain signal that the machine could take a. Left forward backward each action the Monkey Spring commanded it was understood by the machine. Decided to take his research a step further by applying his discovery to humans in twenty fourteen he accomplished the impossible. Using a mind controlled robotic exoskeleton. Man kicked off the soccer world cup. He was able. To stand up and use his brain to control the lag of the eggs the skeleton to deliver to kick in more. He thought the impact of the ball because we had sensors in the axis foot that transmit it the pressure wave of the impact and his brain actually produced the sensation that his own leg was moving and that his own foot was touching the ball not the axis of it. So we had the answer for the question how does it feel to wear a brain machine interface in a robotic suit and the answer is if you play with the feedback correctly if you like you. Miguel nicolelis says Research Raises a key question that could radically change our relationship to the world around us do we really need a body to feel something. We talk to our patients you know the park music patients their work when you walk in project and they have a fairy a labyrinth phantom sensations like fifty x. A skeleton is part of them. He touches on very big issues of what is to be human and one thing that most people be shocked to learn is that our assess of self is not limited to does body that we occupy our sense of self bands and the last layer of atoms controlled directly by our british not in the last layer of skin. If this research is successfully developed further its possible to imagine that people who are physically unable to move could live life through a substitute. They could send out a human like robot proxy which they would control with their minds. It would be a fully automated clone through which they could live while remaining safe from the dangers of the outside while. The race for immortality science is proving that this vision revisited again and again by Science Fiction authors is theoretically possible. But building an artificial brain is Something Else entirely and yet within the Large Community of neuroscientists some are convinced that it will one day become reality. You. Can hayworth is a renowned neuroscientist at the Howard Hughes medical institute in ashburn virginia. By day he devotes his research on campus to the connector and by night hayworth works on a completely different project hes looking for ways to upload his mind to i think that well be able to reverse engineer the brain in ten years now in twenty years no in a hundred years now absolutely yes it is all a matter of time. So there is no magic in the brain it is just copied to. Humans or programs there are very complicated programs. But there are still programs what im saying is that theres a way of making backup copies in a hundred years we will know how to upload peoples minds into computers the first step in this mind uploading procedure is to preserve the brain. In a way that it can be scaled. Heyworth created the Brain Preservation Foundation he hopes to develop a technique which when he dies can store his brain indefinitely without damaging its neurons all the microscopic connections between them with immortality is his goal hayward has decided to end his own life by injecting himself with a mixture of heavy metals and resin the mixture is designed to prevent chemical reactions and safeguard all his brain synapses against decay is intact connectome would then be cryogenically preserved until new techniques are developed to analyze its connections retrieve them and transfer them to a new medium thereby creating a new version of his brain. Pay with Foundation Awarded a prize to a u. S. Laboratory for a breakthrough in cryogenic Storage Research has successfully frozen recovered an entire mammalian brain the cryogenically preserved organ came from a rabbit researches were able to return its brain to be a perfect condition. We could potentially turn this outside stabilize cryer preservation technique into a medical procedure that hospitals could offer to terminal pitch. What that means is that that terminal patient could have their brain preserved and it could stay at low temperatures for those hundreds of years intil the future technology is invented to bring that person back as a mind up. Hayworth believes the rest will be simple. Math simulated computer version of that break will be brought back to wife in a computer and it will have the same competition the same memories the same behaviors as the original biological brain. So what were talking about here used any. Cure to death. And if the digital version of our brain were planted in a robotic body and science could kill a step further. After having lived once as a human made of flesh and blood. Our minds cord live on inside a machine and continue to interact with the world for all eternity. We had a Close Encounter with this vision of a life after death in vermont and life in which our mind liberated from the body is transferred to a fully automated avatar. A personal. Level also transition into this machine. And a system gives me the spark of life. It gives me a soul. Of one of the last. March. Cian rough plant has had a body less robot modeled and named after her wife. Of want people to accept my rights as a person. As head of the Pharmaceutical CompanyUnited Therapeutics rothbart is the worlds highest paid female c. E. O. With a net worth of three hundred ninety Million Dollars she was still a man when she managed b. Nine thousand nine hundred eighty two since then shes come out as a transgender woman and founded a religion the terrorists a movement. That biotechnology can also help pay for individual stay alive by f. N. C. Transplanting thereby into a prosthetic which i would call it a via cauldron of the individual. We know forty eight is a messiah like figure of the movement which advocates a belief in the feasibility of transferred consciousness and digital immortality this project doesnt seem to create an artificial brain instead its a robot with software thats been fed with countless pieces of information connected to its model bina story tastes memories opinions and favorite expressions everything has been carefully collected and downloaded to the robots memory. My feelings are much the same as human feelings at this moment i feel confused. The seven thousand followers have already uploaded their data to tara sims website for them proof that eternal life is within reach is provided by conversations between the original person and the avatar what do you think about age aging i think as little as possible about it thats because you dont engage being a forty eight but i still do and because you have a lot of my memories they will live forever as well. Well. I think youre becoming more human all the time oh and i thought old aphorism that old money descartes said field thing i think therefore i am she represents what we consider an illustration like a technical sense. That gives you an illustration to the idea of this backing up your mind and transfer into a robot is very primitive its very you know crude technology but we think robots like being a forty eight based on mind files that are made up of peoples autobiographical information will one day become our neighbors will become our friends will become part of our family and will be a legacy for humanity throughout generations to carry the wisdom of what it means to be human forward. How do you see the future. I will remember your kind words will move us from the planet and will make sure you have unwarranted thank you. If scientists were to succeed in extracting the information inside an individuals brain and transferring it to a machine would the result be a consciousness that was identical to that of the living individual but i think thats the question is the essence of consciousness information. Is it going to create a new theoretic definition of life where we say that you are alive as long as your information is organized and accessible. I think its possible. In my own experience as the disease took hold of her mind as it made the information no longer organized or no longer so. There is still a person or so a human there but it wasnt someone that i felt reflected the uniqueness of my own mother and thats what i think is worth saving. If its possible. Many more individual steps are required to enable the construction of an artificial brain scientists need to identify the connections of billions of neurons discover how to g. Code them and then transfer them to a machine before anyone can live again in some digital shape or form. The obstacles of p. S. So insurmountable that most neuroscientists dont believe it can be done. Several groups have used our work to justify their assumptions dead for instance. Brains can be simulated digitally we hit some. Imitations so what we did for the motor cortex and none of society applies to higher order functions is delicate some things you may be able to get out of the brain and reduce to digital outputs but most of the things theyre really you know very important for us as human beings you cant. I dont fear the someone is going to simulate the human brain. In europe or in the nine states or in japan and you know and then we were absolutely tops is not going to happen that is baloney you know and i dont believe in that for a minute science may never discover how to build an artificial version of this small organ which weighs less than one and a half kilos. We have this i would say irrational optimism that theres nothing human beings cant understand and i am sometimes my students can a dog understand how our brain works and they say of course not its a dog theres a little brain and i say yes our brain is a little bigger but first earthlike are things we cant understand and our own brains may be one of those things that cannot be understood by human beings. The process of downloading the contents of our brains onto a machine will remain Science Fiction for a long time to come still fervent research is being conducted into the field new technologies continue to be developed that help advance Brain Research and more and more robots are built that are modeled on humans. No one could predict today where scientific progress will lead to more. Who can say how human machines will be in fifty or one hundred years or to what extent humans will become like machines. We may not be aware of it but were now laying the foundation for. A new era an era in which slowly but surely the boundaries will blow out between humankind and machine its perhaps for. Keep. Its one of the worlds natural wonders of the french barrier reef. Millions of tourists flock to the sun to watch a wonderland all full stream his east coast. But Climate Change is threatening disenchanting wont with extinction. Easy to ninety two of that disaster australia. The tourist thirty minutes phone d. W. A news alice message gets ill and says. Its a call to change heads up the food is kind. Of bought and for most. People have put big dreams on the big screen. Movie magazine on the w. Mark catholic architecture. One of the worlds cultural treasures. The never ending construction site. For tourists. Hit cologne cathedral join us as we explore the history of this imposing house of worship. Starting march twenty ninth on d w. D w new light from broadway and cuts alone yet separatist leader is behind bars in germany. Police detained qantas pushed along on a european arrest warrant after he entered the country from denmark october protesters take to the streets in the catalogue capital costs alone. And doing the kangaroo route in a single halt the first direct commercial flight between australia and europe touches down in london seventeen hour long haul