Over fertilizing 911 count in the long run. Are going to say its pretty clear were facing Climate Change so its even more important for the future that we keep our soils healthy marks through to. Something here although we eat twice as many vegetables as we did in the 1970 s. Weve taken less and less minerals and trace elements to the us but im. Really really keeping fruit that are very very low price artificially you know. By just following very simplistic agricultural systems we have to safeguard them protect with some nasty chemicals. The worlds arable land is the foundation of civilization it gives us almost everything that we eat but of our own Natural Resources it attracts the least attention and its being destroyed faster than its reformed. 10000000. 00 hectares of land a year or 30 football pitches every minute are depleted and taken out of production. Youre europe with being upset that the soil is anything about disposable. Stuff is wrong takes a long long time to become our lab head and the rock has to crumble it can take thousands of years before you can grow crops in it they can do something for you know maybe nothing smoke and play. Almost all of their loop than they would if we share the planets arable land each person might get about 2000 square metres of it but the worlds population is growing and were rapidly destroying the soil so that figure wont apply in the long run were getting. Started is the most important. Measure of that were all very content 80 percent of the by ourselves there were around for his readers evaluating system if there werent any free dont take care of protein when you died and then the quality of the predictions are in and then we all seek because so you are seek. The soil is a living system and if unstable will throw Everything Else out of balance including us human beings. We probably dont realise just how important it is or how much of the land on our planet is arable the entire population of the world is to be fed from an area smaller than russia thats all there is. So is the famous layer on the earth in which the trance and the life can thrive so its a very very shadowy area some places maybe a meter burning some of the places its only a few centimeters so its a very thin layer. It kind of occupies the space between rock and life half of soil is broken down pieces of mineral and half of it is decomposing organic matter that was living and so its kind of that interface. Many teeth to put us on might look pretty sterile but you just cant see the things and see it in each square meter they are more bacteria than people on earth that is to me a bacteria and you can see them where you everything that comes into contact with the soil like leaves and toxins chemicals that shouldnt be there is processed by the organisms that live in the soil toss you hound or dont want in the specialties that you become. A soil. Once thought by many to be dead cold and black. But a large portion of all living creatures are believed to inhabit this microcosm. The length of fun guy my celia is virtually endless an ecosystem that breaks down organic matter whether its minerals purifies water and services the entire biosphere. Doesnt border yet to be out of the Union Although its primarily the bacteria that react with any new material so the millions of bacteria that reproduce if they get too much food from the scene and the moment. Or go in the skin then their funky that break down need to dance so that theyre in the perfect condition to be absorbed by plants along with soil moisture but soon gave in markets. You know its all about life and death because you need that that cycle and thats what the soil food web it. The plants in the soil need one another theyve developed and perfected a mutual balance during the course of evolution that has become a selfsufficient entity. If you look at how a healthy soil ecosystem functions its all about photosynthesis how much sunlight can i capture. With living plants those living plants then through photosynthesis pumped carbon into the soil and as they do that that carbon then in the soil feeds all that soil life and allows that soil to produce much much more. Photosynthesis is a miracle of nature that extracts carbon and in conjunction with the degradation of organic matter creates humus the soil layer that is a prerequisite for all Food Production its in the humus that we find most of the nutrients but its also the humus the disappears in modern farming diversity and the number of organisms decrease and the selfsufficient entity falls apart. It seems awkward to regard the plough until it just threats since they traditionally symbolize fertility and good times but contemporary Food Production has become so industrialized that it causes damage to soil layers deeper down as well. Mark. Soil compaction is an increasing problem become more and more specialized which calls for more rationalize ation measures the machinery gets larger and heavier cultivation seasons become longer so we tell the land one its went like these factors all costs oil compaction yield gradually decrease he says the soil is deprived of and to breathe or. This impacts the layers below ploughing depth which become almost like cement. It creates a kind of lid that wont let through any rainfall and that results in flooding it also prevents water from being filtered and groundwater reserves from being replenished. Industrial monocultural Food Production creates problems. Weve promoted monoculture in a big big way and theyre monoculture on salt it is just not working in europe you have soldiers to have formed the last 30 years never seen another crop than there wheat or maize and when you look at this on as just horrible what we find is you know if worms no doubt if i hardly need biological activity within the sword bigger ocean programs and you have a farmer thats telling you that hes in every year hes using more fitted eyes or any indians are not any better. Our Food Supply Chain rests on streamlined farming. One of the conditions for this is mano cultivation the same annual crops over large areas theres no variation in the natural interaction between plants and soil has been done away with. The soil decays one 3rd of all soil in europe is said to be under stress. In some parts of the usa california among others plantations and groundwater systems are collapsing the cycle has been thrown off balance. This is the land of huge cultivated their lives taken globally a 3rd of all wheat is grown on the American Prairie but there are farmers who work differently recognise the grass and work question industrial farming. Modern agriculture to me unfortunately has become one thats driven by money. I often look at most producers marilee s. Puppets you know theyre doing what theyre told to do plant this crop use this Fertilizer Use this chemical grow this model called sure to me thats not what agriculture should be agriculture should be about producing healthy food in a way that actually regenerates the soil but its just not that way to. Just look at this soil how captain it is now im a big guy but. Ive got a hard at it. But look at the cross on the soil look at the plating us and if you smell lad you can smell the bacteria how rancid it is now this operation same family for 50 years but the only true crops they have grown is flax in spring we model cultures very little diversity the other thing you notice obviously there was no earthworms there was no life you see no insects out there. This crap isnt getting very many nutrients at all from the soil the soil is more last just a medium to hold the plant up their operation they farm approximately 40000 cropland acres. High high use of synthetic herbicides past the sides fungicide look at direct mass. The roots are moving horizontally theyre not moving and vertically. Look at the ball dance and you can just see the ball density of the soil how hard it is thats from synthetic fertilizers. And little absolutely basic earthworms are some of the most important in this and in the soil slowly and the and small there are many different species and sizes but they do the same thing all along that i have they transformed the organic material dont get as they dig tunnels in the soil you know. In these tunnels shall untruths have space to grow and rain can get in town. And pull it creates a poorest and fine mess of small cavities in the ground with the water can easily trickle down like reach the ground will get purified and not run off the surface carrying with the topsoil and causing erosion that would run into a man say my son all killed on me and i could get the full. Monoculture affects all soil organisms especially earthworms who are immensely important to the fertility and structure of the soil in the humus they transport minerals and nutrients from deep down to the surface. In a healthy. This means tons of earth worms and countless miles of their tunnels unfortunately theyre in decline. Without the earth where the humans in the ecosystem lose their most brilliant engineer. Earthworms do not like synthetic fertilizers they do not like fast decides they do not like fungicide they do not like herbicides they do not like monocultures they do not like bare soil they need proper residue they need a healthy home they need soil aggregation. And break some in agriculture that doesnt use counting the amount of but only chemical fertilizers the earth limbs lack food and thank you that they have nothing to eat they need organic material to live without it they die or go somewhere else after the tombstones. But how does an earthworm move across these vast fields of the surface of the soul that was swept clean of all plant debris and again a matter of. Ordinary manure is no longer a given the only thing that suggestive of the days of selfsufficient funding with nutrients were circulated by the dung flies enjoying what little cow dung is still around. The lack of organic matter not only affects earthworms and other soil living creatures but also the all important exchange of nutrients between plants and fungus. Individual diversity has so some all of the elements are very important. You have a lot of fungus laker we call we call these which are very very important because they are the elements that make the link between or dana treatments and all the elements you have in this earth and there with the roots of the vineyard so if you dont have this a huge family the of a fungus you know have any communication between the soil and the plants so they really are no communication. From but are funky have my syria to absorb nutrients like phosphorus plants have photosynthesis they cant just sunlight and Carbon Dioxide to go you see on their own they cant absorb enough nutrients from the ground and also a fungus in the plant swap with each other beetle my thinking on. 90 percent of all plants interact with fung going to guarantee the absorption of Vital Minerals and other nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus are crucial Ecosystems Service that is under threat from chemical farming. The problem with micros is that like any fun guy they are sensitive to fungus science and you know the culture we use a lot of funny cide especially when we are in when a country and once the plants loses this symbiotic association with the microscope it loses also its ability to take a force for us in the sort. Only good itself not beneficial if the micro rise they disappear from the soil it takes a long time for them to return to the creator and recall denies ation starts from the edges of the field. So if. You have large fields its an even slower process you know some of the process. If this natural exchange is lost we risk becoming dependent on chemical fertilizers particularly phosphorous which is only mined in a few places in the world. We compensate for the lack of Natural Nutrients with chemistry elements like nitrogen and phosphorous and potassium are manufactured using Energy Intensive methods. Fertility has diminished but crops still grow are we covering the depletion of our soil with chemical fertilizers. Damn constantia so can the chemical fertilizers mean you dont need animals to funnel stands and you can get big harvests even in soils that lack what they need to deliver these harvests of levity you know. I really have a cause that chemical fertilisers unlike sugar its a lot of energy easily accessible but short lived thats being it you cant run a marathon on sugar alone. Soils are meant to be there forever thats why we cant fertilize them with sugar i think that your slower youll get muscle. And right now we will put on you know 100 kilos of nitrogen and between 40 and 60 of those kilos go somewhere else in the environment theyre not taken up by the crop. Monoculture and chemical fertilizers constitute a threat to the soil becomes passive in the nutrients and up in oceans lakes and other waterways. Dangerous compounds in phosphorus based proto lizards become part of the food we eat. Here were going to force for us to get one problem with phosphorus fancy lies as is that they often contain cadmium. Removing it is costly course. Keeping it means lots of cadmium in our food in the future many problems are accumulating in modern agriculture but i would only be able to get. Much of what we end up using Agro Chemicals for insecticides fungus sites things like this is to compensate for the lack of diversity diversity in the natural system is what prevents diseases from taking down all of the plants there. Its what prevents one insect from just exploding because theres habitats for predators living in other plants and so by by deploying very simplistic agricultural systems we have to safeguard them protect them with some nasty chemicals. Her. Her. In production agriculture today. Producers are focused on how do i kill ask ask. For every insect species thats the past there are 1700 that are beneficial so here we are in production agriculture trying to kill at one pass when we should be providing a home for the 1700 that he that. It makes no sense what were doing in agriculture. From. What happened you find everything in diversity but in just over half a century agriculture has become industrialized and reliant on finite resources. The soil has become a cheap means of production for farmers and wine producers dead soil is a reality. When i started my winery 10 years ago it had been rented to a farmer who was not working naturally at all and i realized. That i started to work on were almost dead there was no energy there were very superficial and there was no life no biodiversity nothing was going on this maybe 1010 percent of the songs darwin looked after and then the majority of the solids we see anyway when we do a source studies are sourced on that working well. And when you use pesticides then is more difficult for the plan to get a good Healthy Nutrition because there are microbial communities completely disorganized and then you get into a vicious cycle. Is it our way of life that has silenced the land. By wanting the cheapest possible products fruit and vegetables all year round and we threatening the land and thereby the prospects of future farming. Have we been promoting large scale farming in land consumption instead of land management. And their farming that we are having today especially now correspondence is moving to be crimes Like Properties that are in monitored by become bunnies they decide the product for the north of europe this is making that we are changing the fertilization in this system of production and this is resulting in our funds that are not sustainable we are using a lot of chemicals not only to make up for the lies its also pesticides on and besides the results right now is that we have more of those young less healthy soy. On these large scale orange plantations the topsoil isnt seen as a living ecosystem but as a cheap means of production this will come back to bite them. In 20 years time that then soil cover could be gone. But soil is disappearing in countries further north to richen black the bare soil is exposed to the elements wherever you look the expenditure exceeds the income. Were in the process of depleting our soil account of all capital. What can we say oh its pretty clear with facing Climate Change were likely to get more Severe Weather so its even more important to the future that we keep our soils healthy and get info from even on goldmarks through to. Historian although much of the soil we have on earth is vulnerable to erosion it has water or wind erosion erosion has been identified as a very serious threat to our soils convicted because of the cold war movement what i wonder. There are 40 absolute in all things the extent of erosion is increasing or is specially where all the nutrients are in the finest particles party or did their nettings. Humus and nutrients disappear in the rain and the wind what has taken thousands of years to create is a rooted away in the blink of an eye what remains is soil that has lost its selfsufficiency its ability to produce its very life and that will hurt us. Among all night and get out when you grow the frog it can never can tell. More nutrients than the soil contains. The plants can retain carbon via Carbon Dioxide through photosynthesis but they cant produce anything else its up to the soil so if the soil is depleted of nutrients we get a cross thats depleted of nutrients. And. Were not getting the micronutrient content that requires us to stay well and the consequence is that youre seeing more and more chronic disease conditions being presented earlier and earlier and earlier over a generational change. Of force feeding vast swathes of mainly with empty carry fertilizers in a manner that creates rapid growth but doesnt necessarily have the plant itself to be as i say markham you treat them so you have a massive piece of prokofiev over a carrot or potato it doesnt necessarily mean that the nutrient content is as dense as it would be in the past. My guess as to how can the calcium levels and zinc levels havent increased but the carbohydrate levels have there thats how our crops eels have increased. That although we eat twice as many vegetables as we did in the 1970 s. We take in less and less minerals and trace elements down. Selectively bred fast growing crops has shallow roots and poor nutritional value. If moreover the soil is lifeless and incapable of delivering minerals and trace elements does it mean that contemporary Food Production is failing to carry out its most important task delivering a healthy and diverse food. Cup but boredom only does the diversity both in agriculture and in our food when we switched to modern wheat for i. C. s. And the mineral levels have also decreased in these we. Means so we get less micronutrients from the modern weeks then we did from the old varieties all the more down assault and i was a party to my. Fixed fairly you know what incident we have put too much emphasis on high yield crops for him there were 50 years ago we had 10 tons of straw to 4 tons of grain it all of it today we have 10 tons of grain to 4 tons of straw but we need to eat twice as much flour to get the same amount of nutrients for someone magnetics and no. More carbohydrates and fewer micronutrients the vitamins and minerals that govern all the functions of our cells and which in small quantities are essential to us. More sugar less nourishment. Is it possible were eating more because our bodies suffer from deficiencies. Always eating more as a result of this new. Incontinently i think i think they are going the body strive towards wanting something nourishing something that requires. And that is not sated so if in other words you can be over for it. Now nourished and thats one of the biggest problems that weve got a mom in terms of going. Health related problems with him i was slightly. Just about if it is the biggest lifestyle related cause of chronic illnesses today. And we need to focus on micro malnutrition. Since micronutrients are part of so many functions in the cells its difficult to gauge what that efficiency results and it could be any illness. Also hence. We compensate for cereals in rice with low nutritional value. When theyre refined and polished they lose even more of their minerals and micronutrients. So we add stuff like i say. In quantities that might not be justified physiologically. Induced most processed baby food porridge and formula isnt reached with ion. Of the eye and we enrich the food with we have only about 2 percent. The rest goes into the large intestine. And the ion changes the intestinal flora. Today we link many illnesses in the west to an altered intestinal flora like allergies gluten intolerance and type one diabetes in children on. My. New changes and deficiencies created balances the resultant socalled hidden hunger and chronic conditions. Could be reduced nutritional value without food be a fundamental cause. A resource bring from deficiency disease. How did it come to this. Shouldnt our food contain everything we need. To try to see is that actually in Food Manufacturing fraternity could create market nutrient fruits for the populace its just that theyre going that its an aspect of cheap goods and its not been a priority for them to create that time for food. Mass farming doesnt help you call the tree in any sense whatsoever you know helping the environment are only really keeping for a very very low price artificially you know problems. Where has this cheap food lets you know United States spends more on health care than any other developed country in the world yet last time i checked were the 42nd healthiest countries. Were 1st in 80. 00 to 80. 00 h. T. Cancers Parkinsons Alzheimers osteoporosis and the list goes on and on. Death row for me im going to spend for the cooling down one problem with todays Food Production and that is that we equate agriculture with any other business conduct all Food Products with any other products. And. This has resulted in animals being treated as animal units i. Have talked about here and weve you. Lost touch with why we fall middle earth sounds long on far far off and it is everything has been streamlined to be about money i own my home. Or actually c. S. Cant borrow now weve lost all sense of thoughtfulness care respect. Human liberty. Respect and you can see. With this production intensive Market Driven by Economic Growth our society is rapidly becoming urbanized and that uses of land fertile living topsoil is trapped beneath Shopping Centers concrete infrastructure and soil sealed surfaces this vital resource is tarred over. The climate could quickly change our way of life so we need the arable land to store the carbon thats creating the changes to the worlds weather systems top soils have a function in climate regulation that we can utilize and maybe at the same time get ourselves more crops. This fierce force got us all in horror from some experts saying that if we increase the organic matter in all songs by 2 percent we could get rid of all Greenhouse Gases from the atmosphere. So thats how big the impact of what we grow is on the climate. So you could say that more fertile soil also results in advance of climate before. We could fix the greatest challenge of our time Global Warming simply by growing more in our fields on the actual felker not. So with nature as our model we can grow more and reduce Climate Change a shift towards protective crops low tillage cultivation more diversity and quality instead of quantity. Annual monoculture and chemical dependency will hopefully soon be a thing of the past there are opportunities for regeneration and Climate Smart cultivation. Sustainable agriculture is possible its in the ceci. One solution can be found in perennial crops which reduce topsoil use and are kinder to the land basic perennial foodstuffs are part of our future. Well this is intermediate wheat grass which produces the grain current and it is a relative of wheat its kind of a cousin of wheat. And it looks like wheat but it has a very important difference we eat is an annual that you need to replant every year and has relatively shallow roots kerns has very deep roots and is a perennial sort ringrose year after year after year protects the soil. Builds soil or gana matter takes up nutrients very efficiently and provides a lot of carbon or soil or solar granik matter for organisms in the soil to eat by moving the ecosystem the agro ecosystem into a perennial state we think we will not only conserve the sall resource but make agriculture a very very sustainable. One condition for sustainable Food Production is biological diversity right now and in the future could species which ecosystems the Life Insurance of humanity. If only because he stammered in the ecosystems even in healthy soil them more species than is necessary at any given time. Have enough that. It provides a buffer in times of stress. For example Climate Change. And. The marine always come on biological diversity is of enormous importance of course i would argue that it is an insurance for the future and to see. Them. Hole with a large biodiversity we know that if something changes in the future and something will there are always some groups and organisms that are ready to take over unfortunate head to keep the system functioning so i just feel bad for you know. I mean couldnt have a set of couples without this the soils ecosystem could care less of the n. T. And so which would mean that we could no longer grow crops and thats all and in play you can only like. Not being able to grow things what a horrible thought. And every day were cutting more of our lifelines. But traditional locally sourced food is an option small Scale Production and high nutritional value instead of the cheapest possible support to farmers and growers that manage their land instead of the wasteful large Scale Production our choices at the supermarket are crucial for the arable land and for our chances of growing anything at all in the future. The worst Case Scenario for soil would be that. Producers and consumers dont realize that thats where the nutrients come from that sustain life all life all life began and ends with the soil. This is about the immediate future possibly just one generation away. When we live used up the very thin layer of topsoil that we have at our disposal. We have to do away with the notion that the soil the ecosystem and nature are there to be exploited rather than interacted with if were to have any kind of future at all. Without life no soil. And with no soil. If people dont speak about nature as i speak about over and its not over just once when you have your many deep and signature on just repeating you know we beyond we be young trees and nature so thats thats huge if we destroyed nature we destroy bess i mean its ridiculous to suggest humanity engine which you know or are together so i tour you wont walk giving you any tea because he kills an extra. People must understand. All. 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With the us President Donald Trump is threatening to meet provocations by iran with great force following heightened tensions in the region washington has stocked up its military presence in the middle east tehran has increased its production of enriched uranium but says its adhering to the limits set under the 2015 nuclear deal. Its all in austria ministers from the far right Freedom Party have quit their posts chancellor