That alpaca is the best known for that high quality will codes all the most surprising that the expensive camilla di family, a sparked medical revolution. Like so many medical revolutions, had begun with a co, incidental discovery at the Free University in brussels. The precisely in the department of applied biological Sciences Says small demands as part of a Research Team in 1989 headed by professor remo thomas, the modem is today, often recounts the historic discovery to students. I will give you the story of the practical sense we need those the 55 years ago with the students. You all know, yvonne for the easy infective to read it back to you. Yeah. Our immune system, we generate antibodies against those bacteria. And so the anti bodies damien, bind to the bacteria, and theyre going to destroy the bacteria, the antibodies at key elements of the immune system that created specifically to detect and eliminate for and substances or anti gents, but gets into our bodies the on the day of the discovery professor homeless students would to isolate and identify antibodies in blood, but the costs didnt get tough to a very good stops. Well, we have our students that refused to donate, blocked. And they would also afraid from the brought to the colleagues. Because if mike bank on time united, read about dieties or h, i v, and there, if youre stuck in a boss for a stupid practical. So therefore, were said, well, you know, we have students in our freezers. Some brought to from a drone with very blood from the one home to campbell was used instead the, the students go to work. But they were in for a surprise along side the plastic anti bodies, or the experiment revealed other anti bodies with a much lights and molecular weight the they have only the way to see if both 90000 and that was surprising because normally that wasnt never seen before in human in rabbit, in most in crocodile, you name me, can you always have agencies with the most of the weight of 160000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body and a living creature. The antibody had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the 4 in classic hunting bodies, giving its and unusually low molecular weight. The finding then had to be confirmed and repeat experiments. Professor homeless used fresh blood samples from the brussels to, to replicate the test. But not just with blood, from campbells, from lummus, and ill pack as to the results show that all the animals possessed. No, certainly the usual anti bodies, but also things really discovered many anti bodies scientists, one did with ease just the remains of a primitive immune system. Where they functioning antibodies to find out the research as needed, not just mole blood, but the whole campbell, they needed to vaccinate it. In other words, injected with an anti gen a piece of an in activated virus for example. Then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. Using these unusual many antibodies, the scientists had to improvise the zoo animals couldnt be tapped a 2nd time. I wouldnt say that any money any more and therefore we have to ask off the conditions that wasnt americans to take a few outages in his luggage and to reset these own thing at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama they have for his own cause. A farm, but as long ago it was immunized during drama, down summit holiday movies a few times. So we close at one year and a half before we have to anyone for about how did the dromedary use immune system react . Did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder . Scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animals blood. The message shown here used the color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible the, the, or not. But there was no reaction that would have meant that chemical couldnt produce and immune response to the end of june in to the vaccine data going through the office and going through the next hour. Or will there be no point in continuing or the, the, the quantity the sample began to turn yellow about half an hour into the experiment. Down. So was clear. The mini antibodies worked antibodies attach themselves to an outage in to trigger and immune response and eliminate the intruder. But session mood demands made a crucial discovery. When he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies, a variable pod can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti gen and attach itself to it the modem and showed that the antibodies tip could be separated from the rest without homing it the Minutes School antibody fragments proved can also need to be true resistance, but its binding capabilities remained fully intact. The tip is whats known as a nano body, a structure that no longer acts to trigger and immune response, but to size resistance and Binding Properties make it an extremely promising tool. So medical science a dental center. They never forget Something Like that. Its like with both of your 1st child, but opinion if it gets all the data and his baby was soon ready to leave the University Lab and into field research. But 1st session on demands and colleagues. Remo from us and say, see a custom on peyton to the discovery in 1993, giving them the so rights to commercial development for 20 years. Then they published the discovery in the science general nature. The day be for the small hamlet. Antibody with a detachable head for such as and deliberate trees around the world, all responded among them. A lab in must say from a structural biologist allow, who said begin studying the new antibody. As soon as he found out about it the same way they have to do that for me, i spoke to you at this here in mar. See that the 1st and auto body structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. We could see the shape that gives the most to its properties. I do need either precisely anything to them. Or there were 3 large loops, a bit like 3 fingers. So i thought that i could grasp leanne to junky, so he did work. Hes over new condo, i dont teach, and he knows even more now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling, but its been confirmed. Its an atomic level that the know tips, binding power is this precise and effective assess of a classic antibody. So nobody can book with a to 14, the existing auto body, like many protein 1st step is composed of various areas that are more or less flat, a hollow and bumpy. These hollows and bumps near the bumps and hollows of the empty gen. See on the 2 molecules fit into one another and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes to their surface of contain what that data so fast about the fact that they still hung on it to me fitness i think that ive shown since that deal. And if we take a closer look at this interactions on that, if you look at this atomic structure, we can see that the atoms really do touch each other as these relatively strong bonds between an oxygen that so a nitrogen active good binding the entire antibodies onto the oxygen because of the surface complementarity is in nanometers. Were talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. Dont quit, and thats the magic of natural biology. Steve, my mom to that, im not sure either that or the energy the to the tip is atomic high tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time of the stuff . Scientists dream of the discovery that required a large dose of free lock. The history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x rays, and the structure of dna. All these coincidental discoveries came from a mix of good luck and ingenuity, retiring phenomena known as serendipity, the, the origin of this term is for this anti body. Quite surprising. It refers to a 16th century passion fairytale, that recounts a journey made by the sweet princess of 7 dead and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel, the travel, the rates before them. The combination of count substations and insights resulted in serendipity. And now once again, the campbell is the stop the cook, but the discovery of the accommodated nun a body also raised many questions. Could they actually be used on humans . Works or a piece of complications could be developed and marketed, says more demands prefer to lease beyond says to others, your article go to school. Please get the to assume what they think of it too much of a scientist, a. And i didnt want to get involved in projects leading to commercial product with with you. I wasnt interested them as you stop talking to me as a follow over. Just you to stand on that with the academic movements has never looked back though he did keep to alpaca is from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the gross and hes or should trend say, this is pack up myself and thats a popular, stuck with fabulous and popular to cartoon cart s the 2 robots through is escaping the bomb. The nice these 2 rules escaping from the middle of it found the night. The one is optic them so it was in belgium. The nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode on some a stomach machine capabilities came to lights. And then a few of n t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease thats read, but still lee. So strikes its caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. The, the 1st time we hear about trucks is in the bible, it was the 5th flake of, as you just say, that it has been always, there is, this is really affecting or warm blooded animal including that. So it spread everywhere in the words. And there are 3 be some way to get things to infections, like skeen respect, sorry, and in the gulf, and thatll be infection cause of systemic in the blog. And then its really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly. So deadly. In fact, the seats inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. Its nearly 2 weeks since the 1st and track of tax in the united states. The circumstantial evidence is low. American is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid. Been loves. Network 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with and strikes in 2001. So how can we protect ourselves that exceed, yeah, so this is let us to class security by law. And what design instructors even look like this for me and then to send them in again, she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. This is prostitute or some charges. Its a long said bus a lie, its makes change. Made of the center data. They are covered by anata more that is made of little pieces that are trophies, it works so i can make those kind of them. And if you remove the ottoman or the bacteria are getting a signal at austic and they are not defending more. And i came out with the idea that, well, what if i can destroy is our thoughts turned to the nano bodies discovered by how University Colleagues might they be able to use them in a school size to infiltrate the bacteria is alma like tiny miss styles that code for a nama, the protein that makes up the bacteria is um, was injected into the beast. And after a few moments the nama had created nano bodies, specifically targeting this protein field of anti, then introduced, and then their bodies to the answer. I expect tyria the results were astonishing. Those of the known cheese themselves, you see they have these uh, as most shape. But when you treat them, we did not know bodies based factory to wrinkle, and then they, we collapse. They were able to stop the floating to make the armor and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium fills the pots. So its really like the nano bodies are the key of the story going between the hours and these assembled just and then nobody was possible because of the size the that success come to, to test and nobodys in the vibe. In other words, on living mice, them, i swear infected with on trucks and then getting the nano bodies twice a day for 6 days. Well, i really, so they werent going to die on a sleeve, me and my colleague of sleep fluids during the experiments. And then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. And on sunday morning i get this cold from sleep like so. Why is that, why, why the control with good old dad . I remember really excited jumping. I was like, maybe my ph. Im having remco and i expected Something Likely to is because, oh my god and you said something this, this, this isnt, this is huge, is that its worse. So the best days of my life this opens up really a lot of line of research and also the opening of new foss with treatment for under my kids that have such a higher. This is huge. But its in the belgian city of kent when not able to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. This is the headquarters of ab links, a stone top founded in 2001 to develop applications for college, not a bodies assigned to fix success story. The discovery of a special type of small anti bodies and candidates, sparked decades of innovation. And it led to the foundation of abilene is in 2000 dead one at that time, the small anti body, whats the name . Amount of body and the start of the company have 10 at police. So is a 15 is blink, 6 fluid potential applications to various types of diseases. Investors gradually began seeing the advantages of using calculating non abilities. And in 2018, they hit the jackpot. The goal process, i know 6, if i did both, it was a good investment it out the well who hosted abilities to 3900000000 euros and amounts equivalent to the promise held in the timing on a bodies. The 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps. Assume. Ready a drug tobacco for an auto immune blood disorder thats very red, but faithful in 90 percent of cases if left untreated, a t t p. Ready nationally suffers from the disease acquired from both takes from the side to peanut poor, poor the today. Thanks to capt decision map. Shes in the class. Shes returning to the hospital for a checkup with professor a couple an a t t piece specialist because of treatment work the summer. Yes. Very well overall. Ok on it on us, everythings really back to normal. Now. We just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life, a lot of cities surely on the good multi it was a real prostitute, the edges and all that stuff to get bruises. So my buddys disappeared. So no reason for the stuff is on my legs and then gradually all his, oh you too bye. Literally stuff is moving up is see this one which is up to some of it. I suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because im very active. Im a Primary School teacher so so do juggling my children and very young is on file. Im always moving around to her. Its happened over a couple of weeks. Its an eyesore since if it smells like hey, somethings wrong and its because the bruises started to appeal my. Oh yeah. And i had a huge one on my hand and ill see if i thought to myself is on the theres something wrong. Tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to matter the key. Its a disease thats linked to the formation of small clocks in the vessels of emotion organs, typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. If we do nothing, the organs fail, then the patient dies all gun a mushroom on. As soon as the opportunity my not the no, no body see count, the blood proteins involved in the disorder detached themselves. They replaced the platelets that cause the blood clubs and prevent them from company to come and live. Not able to use, make it possible to attacks that diseases and know what kings associated kit. This is your but since we added campuses, a map to Plasma Exchange and other immune suppressive treatments, patient responses not just in the past or its also long last angle. Thats whats new to the 2nd month. No, on the out of it this off, thanks to this, we can now stop Plasma Exchange much sooner than before. Currently, we estimate that with the addition of capital of season map, we can cut treatment time in half lashawn with this function. Some of the the none of the bodies and now such an integral parts of medical research that, that origin in the calculated immune system is often overlooked. The well gave camels, these unique superpowers, the native vienna, austria permanent book studies, the genetics of the very ancient camella di family choose a specialist on the origins of the cumberlands which have undergone surprising changes during that evolution. The camel originated in the northern america and it was about maybe like 40 to 45000000 years ago at the very beginning. Do the very small, like a goat and um, over the millions of years developed into different campbell types like to smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago. They split into the tool and images and i believe the new wealth camels into old, old cavities. And then you were cameron, its, they migrated around for the southern america, which i represent that now, but a nama, i talk to the, were not going to be cornea. And the old Little Campbell stay migrate. It varies via the very lens preach to asia and from the out in to africa, of the illusion of the nano bodies. Its it also very, very Old Development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago because both kimberly niches have it. So the system does not know bodies must have developed before display of these truly niches. They have developed over the millions of years, very successful mechanisms to fight against diseases. Then no need for lucian has left it small come the species. But White Cabinets in particular. I would say is by chance, a lot of people, lucian thing happens by chance, trial and error. So something which has been successful survived and evolved. And if it was too much of a cost to keep, then it would have been abandoned again by the species. But why out of mammals would not have developed the same strategy . I dont know. Cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits, the very means system with humans. These alpaca is for the king, the paris belong to the us to cheapest. They play an active role in some major were such the immuno, the just pa fi is the ship. It to this Small Research heard the take all the adults interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor how much work and brussel last week said us all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with alpaca. So as soon as of now its become so important that everybody understands remote. Im facts and i seen them against various proteins, really against outside was in particular home to pull you up to understand facts and nights. It would take a blood samples of continual work in the line of credit you sold to please continue to use them. We need the animals alone for a couple of us. So youll notice from key to phone, dont presume ok with them. Now if you 2 years of peace and quiet the next step, extracting from those few sentences of blood, the anti bodies, the animal has produced in response to the protein characteristics outside this disease. Fewer than a dozen house of several 1000000 anti bodies, louis passed developed the rabies vaccine, and these buildings in the 18 eightys. And the institute continues to work on promising treatments. Thanks to itself packed as many anti bodies both fail these on to call a 4 call. We can make antibodies against cause a to see again seek and resubmitted against monkey pox. Ok, so we can make the make and stuff and brain cells. But in the containment receptor, this on the get is up to include minor search focuses on out. So im just a big were trying to extract the antibodies specific to outside of the school, the diagnostic heat, and eventually for treatment will call for the digging. Lets take a look for like to help with the nano bodies that could recognize some of the diseases degenerative characteristics. And in this case, no bodies specifically produced by elpac. Cuz the, the 1st stage is to extract the dna from all the nano bodies in the blood. Sample and then introduce it to the bacteria dual credit. Oh yeah. I mean, yeah, direct can we have 1000000000 bacteria containing the dna encoding for about 100000000 nano antibodies. We call the phil is we selection method so that we gradually isolate the 10 best amount of bodies if it to the email and then dont keep cool. Do lunches and do the the, the selection is ruthless. They 1st use a virus that can eliminate 99 percent of them suitable not able to use the remaining 1000 candidates to attend as a, to a robots which one by one test their ability to identify the outside that protein. The entire process takes around 3 months just to if the original 100000000. 00. None of the bodies remain standing the, the chose and unable to use it, then taken to the us, the to do several, the power sprain institute to help conduct research and outside this p a p. I. Left size antibodies are always eagerly awaited, especially by adults, have been why the lead to who is exploring new methods of diagnosing the disease. The outside mis directly affects the brains, neuro communication network, the, the formation of protein deposits, known as im annoyed. Tax looks the flow of information, but the disease also causes the new runs themselves to degenerate and die. The outside is initially effects memory before closing irreversible damage in the other areas of the brain. For treatment to be effective outside this must be diagnosed as early as possible. The goal is to detach the amyloid cracks that build up in the patient, sprains from the stopped the into the nano bodies. But that responsiveness must 1st be tested to die. So for this is what you call mush clear premium is quite interesting to include the 2 anti bodies really work very well and this one recognizes the amyloid blacks. And so ive done some tagging on a transgenic mouse thats full of amyloid flags and that you can see theyre all tactic to. This really resembles what we see in the brains of alzheimers patients. Idol to go into the antibody is very precise and we recognize theres only one thing. Theres no background noise, so take a look if it really is perfect and the other anti body recognizes the 2nd classic lesion of alzheimers disease. Ero 5 blurry tangles walker clean is useful. You can see that all the legions have been carefully detected. And most of the naval campuses, people go, which is the Memory Center for humans and animals. And you can also see all the time you are on is recognized by the anti body. Or when you follow the logical the 1st experiment was conducted on brain tissue extracted from mice. It will now be repeated on living animals. Delete the most there under the microscope on the aim is to see if the nano bodies can cross the blood brain barrier. Speaking body, ill keep them in as its name suggests, this a barriers isolates the brain from the blot through fi on. So if its the blood carries pathogens, talks that molecules that mustnt enter the brain, theyre inside of this battery, or is that important molecules like antibodies count the process to go, except maybe cml it onto body is and click on the small size is the key drop was tossing, claim you can see for now its very flag inside. You can just start to make some shapes appearing and real time it can, you can see the people at the exit. The vessel is crossing the blood brain barrier and it will gradually spread and gather at the sight of the amyloid flax. And its a community where they back in and enjoy the yacht senior. Thats cool. And you can see the prox crazy little some old attacking is done by the anti bodies. But this time sits within vehicles low enough to slice unimaginable. Just a few years ago. The Technology Opens up new opportunities for treating outside this disease. Since just the sea level to call these nano anti bodies or nano bodies, but clearly have a feature by combining them with elements that can be picked up on an m r. I will be able to carry out early, High Resolution diagnoses on patients through the city bus as well as monitor of various therapies on the regression of these lesions. No, i think it is once it is you these a high hopes in the fight against a disease that afflicts hundreds of thousands each year in europe and an estimate to 10000000. 00 worldwide. But none of my buddies can go even further and highlight all the processes that occurred deep inside the human body. The literally schwartzbar wants to use the nano bodies, tiny size to infiltrate living cells and monitor what goes on inside them. A job that requires a slight upgrade to the not able to use the nano bodies are invisible. Since we can see them, we must make them visible. We link the nano bodies with a small source and protein to make a chroma body histidine, coma fluorescent. And then a body that makes it possible to navigate within cells and types of some of the biological processes live. These are dynamic process is taking place inside sales. And thats where the chroma body has the additional advantage of functioning in living cells. The cells processes can be displayed, and the dynamic modifications with them can be visualized in real time and dont want, cuz its in the side is what is the inside the cell, the crime a body binds itself to a its target. It traces the targets come tools and reveals that some movements must be using that we can see the chroma body, the signal of a chroma body, that is bound itself to the h i. V virus. We can observe and find detail how the h i v virus attaches itself to a sales plasma membrane and its been discharged to infect neighboring cells. Im not able to send it to you from my bodys are already used today to study the effect of 2nd drugs on cells. In particular for Cancer Treatments you see for an hour are sleeping. All right, and you can also see a criminal body in the living cancer cell, the chroma body collides with the nuclear membrane. So we can observe the division of this cancer cell. Its an important process the most, for example, if we want to now develop a drugs that prevents cancer cells from dividing, we can test them in the cell line. We will know immediately at what moment and then what quantities of drug stops this cancer cell minute, and we can see it in real time on this kind of monster tongue lice, mitchell for. So this is what this helps us choose medicines at a very early stage and saves money and the development of new active ingredients and expulsion nano bodies of the greatest hope in Cancer Treatment is the 18000000 new counts. The cases the diagnosed every year. And nearly 10000000 people die from the disease. Most current Cancer Treatment, slack precision, the chemotherapy attacks no certainty, cancer cells, but healthy ones too, were such as theyre looking for more targeted therapies. And none of the bodies have become a new precision weapon in the fight against cancer. The, the number of potential applications is growing. So im a designed to inhibit to cim as gross, while others destroy the cancer cells. A strategy adopted by belgian stop per site rex. It relies on unable the special ability to bind on to other molecules to form a bond with a radioactive isotopes. The treatment is still in the test face, but some potential uses already being assessed in clinical trials. Here in a 1st stage, the no body is being added to a trace of the tooth, very slightly radioactive, its mission to seek out disease cells and attach itself to them. Here, we say an x and i random floats with a high uptake. And here, as we can see, the restoration or also very good uptake of the trace sooner than anybodys target is a protein called her to thats a characteristic of certain types of cancer. For us, its very important to know if there is a higher her to expression in the tumor and then the best assist of the tumor and then the best place to live most. Because we know in that way, if this patient will respond to therapy. Another advantage as it to now is the treatment to be tailored to the nature of the cancer. However, there was such as long term goal is to equip the not able to use, but the phone will power full radioactive payload. So the nano will be east present into 2 more but the few to couple the same nano will be with that. So if you to create your eyes a to so you will, you read the aids to, to more. And so the cancer cells, so specifically targeting to, to more cells while spreading to the healthy tissue. What you want the small size is very beneficial for this approach. Once you administer it to a patient, if use a screw too much to, to hurry fast. On the other hand, of course youre working with the very potent radio as it took for to if you take use. And you dont want the friction that hes not bound to let you mark to stay along in the body. And because of the small size you to clear out very fast from the body, which is perfect for the safety. Now the young style top must complete the expensive series of required tests to guess its treatments approved to the clinical studies to prove that their drug is safe and a fetus from all the way from the camel. If you want all to the patients and the adults are need to take more than 10 years. Im not able to use have potential to revolutionize therapies and diagnostic procedures now and in the future. The growing number of Companies Offering custom made nono bodies is proof in itself the along with physical and chemical benefits. The single domain anti bodies are also especially lights and inexpensive to produce these practical and economic advantages make them affordable. So Many Research labs stimulating innovation. The candidates may look very unassuming, but them must as a minute to rising antibodies, which has made them into the kings of biotech. Something. No one could have predicted. The fact that should cheer campbells unplug, as unlike the or the, the new will tell you the we are happy that we are back to the story. We have a getting a visa is more difficult than finding gold hosted to use for the for the future. In the stories and issues that are being discussed across the country, news africa in 30 minutes on d. W, the west page. I mean, i know i might just do it and im hoping dw newport costs, thanks trace amount, but its actually about move. Join us as we travel around your, facing the history of every day of that. And thats something right around the wells. And i need to talk to you that just says subscriber id, listen to pop. Gosh, that will take you along to the right to the dream of resolution. In 1979, the hated dictators, somoza was forced out of nicaragua the people hoped for Sarah Society and received international solidarity. I imagined we would change the world. Tens of thousands hollins had to help with reconstruction, but the end a dream of revolution does july 20th on the w the the, this is the, the, the news and these are our top stories. And you leaders have nominated ortho live on the line for a 2nd term as president of the european commission. Former portuguese Prime Minister antonio costa will be the future head of the european council. While estonian Prime Minister kaya call us is likely to become the next used Foreign Policy chief. The Parliament Still needs to approve funded lines domination and the secret ballot. Ukraines president flooding mit zalinski indian you leaders have signed a Security Agreement in brussels. Its meant to assure