A anastasia again to set out with her machete and her expert. I for the plants and herbs that grow wild in the local area. But however long she forage is among the dense glass land, the plant shes here for is nowhere to be found. Anastasia is looking for steve, yet a plant in growing demand due to its sweet tasting leaves. At abilene i and i got a long time ago, steve. Yeah. Go wild here, but not anymore. Ive never seen it myself, but my mother told me where it used to grow and, and like i like to have with, along with other medicinal herbs. Stevie i used to grow wild on the other side of this fence plant was native here. Today, this is posture, land used for grazing livestock. The diversity of native flora has deteriorated, and others are profiting from indigenous inhabitants. Ancient knowledge. Ah. Anastasia valley into is a member of the pie to v tedder and Indigenous People in northeastern paraguay. Shes from each vasu, a small reservation, close to the brazilian border. The people here live from their own Small Holdings or from jobs on large scale farms in the vicinity. The pi maintain a traditional way of life that is under acute threat. Anastasia, valiant gathers, and cells medicinal plants. Her mother and grandmother taught her the properties and benefits of endemic herbs and roots. The pi tahita have a wealth of knowledge about medicinal plants. Its the women who preserve this knowledge and pass it on to future generations. Luis, are se stops by for a cup of mighty. Hes the leader of the 500. 00 strong reservation. Centuries ago, the pi discovered a sweet taste of steel leaves and began using the plant both as a food additive and for rituals. But luis and anastasia drink their motto, t unsweetened, as wild stevio, is now virtually extinct in paraguay. The pi people and their traditional Herb Remedies are being squeezed out by the farming industry. Their knowledge of studious sweetening properties was appropriated here and your la copa ordered a ha. Will it was taken away from us to other countries without our consent . Do not give me one b. Ha ha. We respect his dea and are the guardians of our plan as well. The older we want to preserve our dba, and hope will be able to start farming it again. Here in your cup by law roderick. Bid i g u hardware obama have there are around 15000 pi to ve, tara. And while they have little land or income to live off to day, Global Enterprises have capitalized on stevie us sweep benefits. Its a classic case of bio piracy. Many brands of soft drinks, candy and chocolate contain stevio, or to be more precise. The chemical compounds that give the plant its sweet taste, stevio, glasgow sides. The recent stevio is so special is that its leaf extracts are up to 300. 00 times sweeter than table sugar and contain 0 calories with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the growing debate over a sugar tax and the negative aspects of artificial sweeteners, stevio has become a Global Business for the food industry, world wide. The market for stevie based sweeteners is worth around 500000000. 00. Thats predicted to almost double by 2028, with an annual growth rate of almost 9 percent wealth. That the pi to v to route are not party to others are making money from their traditional insights about this natural resource. The pi, however, or an urgent need of financial means to protect their land and local biodiversity. The reservation is surrounded by an expanding array of cattle ranch and soy and eucalyptus mont cultures. And while the Government Supports the big commercial farms, the pi face intimidation and threats. And you got my dollar agree on the farm workers shoot at us, which is why we no longer have access to the resources that used to belong to. I was up with where do you like google but luis, our se, and his community are fighting back together with activists . High to veteran people in paraguay and brazil are trying to claim at least a small share of the stevie market. What they want is compensation. The restoration of their land and the preservation of stevie in the few places. It still grows wild. Its a trying and time consuming undertaking. Not made easier by the individual communities living far apart from each other. But theres a crucial step on the horizon for the pie law and order it all. In paraguay, the stevio business seems to have lost relevance these days. The cultivation here is minimal. Todays major producer nations, such as china and the u. S. Have taken possession of the commodity with corporations caching in on its beneficial properties. They simply grow stevie themselves leaving the indigenous communities empty handed. The government, in essence yawn, has an at best half hearted commitment to the interests and concerns of the pi. Agronomist miguel nevada finds that unacceptable. Hes been campaigning in support of the demands of Indigenous People for years. This is a stevie a plant. Hes growing in his garden. They can actually just take a leave and eat it. Sandy is delicious. Miguel vera is all too familiar with how the story turns sour. It began when a swiss botanist introduced the plant to europe in the 19th century. Although it wasnt until the 1970s that western researchers became interested in stevie as potential. They actually are relied on the traditional knowledge of the bank with the people you want need living there to show them where the plants were. They took it basically with no consent ah, of the point that with that, thats the 1st thing. Thats the 1st act of buy a piracy, a fact that they didnt consulted with them constitute by piracy. Bio. Piracy refers to the appropriation of Genetic Resources and knowledge about them without asking for consent or offering anything in return. It might rarely be in the headlines in the western world, but bio piracy is a wide spread phenomenon. The areas most typically targeted by bio pirates are those with a rich biodiversity located primarily in the southern hemisphere. Many of them are in the amazon region. India. And the cape of south africa the Genetic Resources from such regions covered not just plants like stevio, but also animals and micro organisms, all of which have enormous potential for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. And its precisely in these regions where biodiversity is frequently under threat and in particular need a protection. Miguel vera is on his way to the herb market. In essence, yon using traditional insights about medicinal plans, enables researchers and corporations to save a lot of time and money in their quest for now active and profitable ingredients. Miguel nevada knows that the potential is far from exhausted. His native paraguay is a treasure trove for big pharma. There is a lot of value still. They have made many options in the paraguayan pharma kaffir, traditional from a copier to treat many ailments. Absolutely, and many are being already in use under exploitation, as we speak. Many of them are, have been, i think that by in the rational or translational corporations. Historically speaking, there has generally been a free fall on Natural Resources to curtail that practice. The International Community have introduced a range of conventions. The ostensible aim of these conventions is to prevent bio piracy and protect species diversity from further damage. One of these agreements is the Nagoya Protocol coming into force in 2014. This requires countries and companies and seeking to make use of a Genetic Resource or associated knowledge to pay fair compensation. Its a principle known as access and benefits sharing. It envisages users and providers of a particular resource, negotiating the form and amount of compensation instead of money. For example, users can provide compensation in the form of conservation projects. So with a Legal Framework in place, why does bio piracy continue to be so wide spread . The Botanical Gardens of the university of zurich, a favorite haunt of fall, swan my and bad. He dedicated years of research to the issue of bio piracy while working for the n g o. Public eye and says the International Agreements are actually construed in a way that favors industrialized nations. You know, fucking thats newer and yet they say, im only obliged to abide by the Nagoya Protocol. If i go to the country of origin, after it came into force and extracted through the resources there was done, nor you. Dear thor, sir, dolt, household, the lender, the students in the put the on the put countries in the south have a very different interpretation. Yegell, nor you, they say, no, the rules must apply to any new you suit kennedys, and thats a massive difference with you with ox, your knee thought that you says there, i dont need to ask, are compensate anyway . Well, i can use it as i like without hoping to conserve biodiversity, abo mondays or even fought if you go by that rule done. There will only be a minimal amount of benefits sharing, meaning and a minimal amount of compensation out life is not since keep if we follow the rules, the se, for that would be a genuine florida compensation of silicon. One reason for that disparity is that the neglect protocol was drafted by only a handful of states in the northern hemisphere. And a raft of nations have yet to even become party to the agreement. But ultimately, the sustainable benefits of biodiversity should be a concern for all of us. Lets begin in the fall mccoy take take pharmaceutical lesson medication, but also cosmetic cell and foodstuffs to pesticides. And even enzyme has been used for the modern Chemical Industry home. Pretty much every class and day our lives depend on biodiversity. I clicked on the beauty, visit that place. Mm hm. A look around. Western supermarkets reveals countless products that contain Genetic Resources originating in the southern hemisphere. In addition to studia, theres roy boss, t, as well as chewing gum, and gummy bears coded in car. Now, by wax from brazil, by all these simple diet adversity plays a role in all of these products, told us is access to these Genetic Resources and therefore also financial redress like solomon few consumers know that roy boss t is another case of bio piracy. Roy boss originally comes from the cedar burg mountains of south africa. The relatively arid north west of the country is the sole natural source of the plant and is still the only place world wide where it is commercially grown. The principal harvest time is between january and april. After being harvested by hand, the bushes are then crushed in machines and spread out to dry. The subsequent fermentation gives the otherwise green plant, its trademark color and name red bush. Roy boss is now a major industry south africa has around 300. 00 large scale farms producing 20000. 00 tons of the crop a year. South africa exports around 7000. 00 tons of roy, boston year to over 60 countries. The biggest roy boss, consumers are japan, germany, and the netherlands followed by britain and the united states. A Global Business put when it comes to those who 1st turned the dry looking bushes into a healthy cup of tea. The story is similar to the pie in paraguayan. The people who originally discovered the benefits of roy boss were bypassed. A valley past takes us to a small settlement outside the town of warburton in the heart of the cedar burg mountains. Baron salamone is a small holder and the chairman of the warburton original roy boss cooperative. Ah, and, and his fellow farmer, amelia cook, man, are descendants of the coin and sun. The indigenous inhabitants of south africa. They both grew up with wild royball in their local area, cut, crushed, and fermented by hand. Traditional knowledge passed on to them by their parents and grandparents group. Austin . Yes, the click. I said boy, was this 1st and foremost good for mothers who have no milk. Well, its also good against eczema, for its you, but you didnt be mindful, you grind it down to a fine powder yet and mix it with vaseline, isnt it an o those youve admitted when we didnt have vacillation was, you will, you that you use animal fat mike, youd enjoy most you, id evoke for use merit on babies. Bottoms to remove the rat out is about the new my su b. Shes proud of the original roy boss as its grown here in the area around what britain also voice we and in our ward last grows and a natural environment. Because lisa model, there are no chemicals. A, just that nature in the cindy we boast, plaza, you have a range of wonderful medicinal herbs growing around the roy boss, ivona look, which is also what makes it special that this value for scum thing to the policy is that a little bar and, and amelia se, industrial producers used the Warburton Roy boss to give their commercial products a more intense color. Its an industry that flourished thanks to knowledge of native peoples, but their descendants didnt benefit from its lucrative development. I was burnt, and his fellow campaigner is decided to fight for compensation for the knowledge that has been appropriated from them. As with the pie to the tara in paraguay, the descendants of the coy san peoples have been largely rendered. Landless unemployment is high, particularly among young people, colonial rule and the Apartheid Regime strip the coin and some of their native lands. Commercial farms remain largely in white hands, barren salamone and other small scale Farmers Market their original roy boss as a fair trade product via their cooperative, a vital source of income, but their acreage and market share are too small for them to survive. When International Conglomerate nestle patented its own roy bos products in 2012 local small holders, sued for compensation. In 2015, a report published by the South African environment ministry. Acknowledge the coin, sons, intellectual property rights, a decisive step forward. I put it as a some money to live it because we were not the will that because the, the Nuclear Protocol and all the policies that, that do the of the power for us to negotiate. We will not a will that in the industry at that time they, they say no, theres no way that the coin, the son can be that the traditional lottie told us of this plant, unless they dwell the evidence they will consider talking about the excess and benefit sharing, my recommendation is clear, dont fight verbally. Put this on paper. That is a strong evidence that you do have the traditional knowledge of a certain plunked. And that perseverance paid off. Byron solomon was present at the signing of an access and benefit agreement with the South African boy boss industry in 2019. With today, we are writing a historic wrong a wrong that began almost 500 years ago. The agreement committed one and a half percent of the robust industrys annual market value, almost 700000 euros to a fund for the course on but progress remained slow by the start at 2022. The Indigenous Peoples had yet to receive any money with payments held up by red tape and industry as so often being in a more powerful position. But baron remains optimistic about Getting Compensation soon, which would enable him in his community to win back last land. And in the process, secure their livelihoods, and preserve their precious roy boss. Talking about our ancestors. That is all the teachers. Oh, how the plan behave, you accordingly, you just dont cut because it is, it is, i was time. See that you cut it in a sustainable way. If you dont do it in a sustainable way. That means you dont think about gender reasons to come access and benefits sharing was agreed to in of africa. Could something similar be possible in paraguay with the stevie industry, be willing to come to an arrangement with the indigenous pi to ve, tara, and if not, what reservations do companies have . We approached a number of manufacturers and other beneficiaries of studia derived products. None agree to an interview, the International Stevie a council, a Global Trade Association responded by e mail me the i a c and its members at here to international and domestic rules and regulations. And as such, adhered to the Nagoya Protocol and the convention on biological diversity as applicable and swiss based multinational nestle wrote access and benefits sharing and biodiversity is an important issue for us. We have also had Constructive Communications with the n g o public eye on, for example, the subject of stevio these kinds of statements, leaf was swan my and back unimpressed as 1st name or it was so wow, im always annoyed when companies weve tried to Fund Solutions with a stretch that theyve been talking to and joes done on fulton yob, you havent yet. Well, that might be true if off the vital point is whether theyre prepared to put that solution into pride. Us and jayden is up, see, but i didnt lose them. Also, as its the icing of walker, the only thing that matters is if we do a follow up on the principle and pay compensation for even in cases where it might not be required by local i q, mass knots and alimony, or do i just pay back nothing the north, when the better or the tale ebony, sulu, some firms are already taking action among them denita a supplier of Natural Cosmetics and medicinal products. This was headquartered multinational firm, also imports Natural Resources from southern hemisphere. Countries such as carnival wax from brazil and raw tawny route from peru for a net. If people read us, the principle of benefits sharing is an integral part of her companys philosophy. Really does need them excess and benefit it welcomes access and benefit sharon, especially in these times of species extinction wasnt garcia. Den inside our company uses a wide range of plant based, raw materials, a name, and so were dependent on the preservation and protection of biodiversity. These and thus beauty visited, id and by blanca shirts with the leader performs its benefits, sharing as payments and support for projects on the ground. More the exception than the rule is on an im, mrs. Quality, its relatively calling for a Company Lender 1st because of the different interpretations of the Nagoya Protocol from one country to the next. This high stuff. And so what applies in brazil is completely different to india on death and for a global enterprise. Interpreting the situation correctly mean the getting legal advice in each country land so that we comply with the respective requirement by ins and always legal soil food. So for companies, the negotiations and the complicated legal situation cost time as well as financial and human resources. Within the sneak in the island and its a question of owning up to responsibility. But theres a given take like an a partnership this year, which is the principle of the Nagoya Protocol in size and all you pay compensation for taking knowledge implants from somewhere and generating innovations through research and development that Diskin Elliot thats in the its are being made here without incorporating people in nature and the point of origin boned and thats not fair. Even nish, metallic organs, thus as an escalade, ah, a simplified system of compensation instead of protracted negotiations, could be one solution for preventing bio piracy and making the process easier for companies. At the same time for a while, my and back is confident, our collective awareness will change. Its been musical that matoney and poly allan and positive hello that a few years from now with people will be talking about bio pirates. Like i do today about climate offenders. That when you up over the uh, anita the over time in society will become less tolerant. Companies making profit. So while giving nothing in return, we often south is on the more cases we have where we can show that the money flowing back benefits conservation or the traditional communities affected. And then the pressure will continue to grow level in mustang paraguay, november 2021. Luis are sir, is hosting a special gathering of pi to v to ra communities under his chairmanship. The various representatives have come together to finally speak with the unified voice by signing a joint statement, listing their demands our. Its a historic moment for the pilot bottle. And an important document that louise and other campaigners had been working towards since 2016. And the document includes unequivocal proof of the hi. Ted alter, has ownership of traditional knowledge of stevio and coles on the International Stevie industry to finally provide compensation for that intellectual property. The pies, ultimate objective, is to buy land in order to secure their future all and that of their plants. The last stevie are still growing wild. There we are, after debating the various arguments, the Conference Participants vote on the different formulations. Several hours after the meeting began, its close to sundown as luis, our say finally becomes the 1st to sign the protocol. The next step for the pie to v tara is to take the document with its demands to the stevie industry luis, our se is tired, but content, tea hard bodeo. Weve come to an agreement among ourselves so that hopefully theyll finally recognize our rights of now that weve signed this protocol, audio. Stevie is not just any other wild plans. It belongs to our ancestors. And as part of our culture out, its gorda alcohol. The law is o. The representatives resigned to prayer to round off the extraordinary meeting. The road ahead is a long and rocky one, but the meeting provides a glimmer of hope for luis asa and his fellow activists and 4 other Indigenous Peoples who have fallen prey to bio piracy. Love has no limits. A love is for everybody. Love is live with love matters and thats my new podcast. Im evelyn sharma. And i really think we need to talk about all the topics that north divide and denied that. And this i have invited many deer and well known guests. And i would like to invite you to an end. His goal is establishing a good order, changing pin president of the global power. China is part of a whole system which believes his time has come. He relies on an authoritarian system of total surveillance on economic expansion without scruples and again and again, she provokes and threatens with military aggression. The chinese president believes that his way is for superior than that of western democracy. Chinas president , changing pain distorts july 30th on d, w. Ah, this week on world stories germany a year after the flood uganda battling air pollution
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