Guilt, remembrance, and responsibility. Should there be more focus on other dark chapters in history . Is the culture of remembrance changing, and if so, how we head to south africa where a museum is exploring parallels between european and african history. We also go to israel, where the Younger Generation is rethinking the way the holocaust is remembered. But we start to show in germany a country that thought he had learned how to come to terms with its past. But his now realizing that its an ongoing process with me in november 1938 anti semitism, took a vine and 102. 00 out germany not sees burned down synagogues, london, jewish homes and stores and murdered many in the ensuing holocaust. The showa, in hebrew, millions of jews were killed. Remembering these victims and acknowledging the countrys historical guilt for the crimes committed under National Socialism is a fact of life in germany. The nation has faced up to this dark chapter in its history. Its been a rocky journey fraught with hurdles, but the holocaust is central to the countrys culture of remembrance versus got on finances. So i like the fact that its clear that we keep the past alive and when, when you look to other countries, you soon realize a culture of remembrance of upholstery shames. Crimes cant be taken for granted. Hooked on to say this duty helps us learn how important to be able to also keep others memories. A life couldnt view nana vista of the document envelope for them. About 22000000 people in germany have a migrant background. Meaning one him for like he doesnt identify with the countries historical guilt but nazi crimes. And that change is how people look back on history. Now the spotlight is shifting to another murky chapter. Europes long ignored crimes during the colonial era. Germany is struggling to confront its responsibility of a button up, improved, or ford lying on when it comes to sweeping colonial crimes under the carpet. All the former colonial powers have the same attitude and germany is no exception, i think. And is your high tone, namely, kind of like annette. They wont admit anything until theres no way around it. And they string along the victims for as long as possible falls along a him b as in whiskey. But wait. Ready onto the germans praised but how admirably they deal with that dark past with. Ready ready no other country in the world has faced its past, so incur generally declared jewish philosophers whose nyman in 2020 does not only apply to the holocaust, denazis crimes, top all other crimes against humanity. Its a controversial question. Why does guilt for nazi crimes play such a key role for germans . How do they face the historical truth . And how are they now trying to been shut down new paths . Venosity flag when it comes to the question, how can we get young people with a migrant background interested in the shower . Its 1st important to change our choice of woods home county that some say theyre not interested because its not their history, but that for the fundamental misunderstanding to view the show of german history or instead of human kinds history, ive done thought the question always implies it that it doesnt interest them, but thats not true. The stim sap and nor cima wants to promote understanding the aim is to boost awareness by asking simple questions as to what does the holocaust have to do with me. And why are we talking about in the home they didnt do that, we were in his rule as museum director. I knew livi tackles anti semitic stereotypes and jewish self images good by edisons with all these topics. Its always about the past and the present. The question is always, what do people want to see . What do they want to have confirmed . How far are they willing to venture onto another path . Ah, shallow to lead, a man has written a book whose title translates as understanding the pain of others. It explores how we deal with historical crimes as showered off all i look at the ideas we have about victims. How can we establish empathy with victims and their descendant farm . Yes, and why is our empathy often so unequally distributed ah, feed among visited the site of human rights violations. And not just in europe, she meant victims of atrocities and their descendants. Im. She views the holocaust in the context of what she referred to as a global universal memory. Probably the thorny asked question. She asks, concerns empathy, which victims and historical crimes evoke empathy in us . But it helped us in fights for me say about ive noticed myself that i tend to feel more empathy for victims of National Socialism than for colonial victims. Had to put us not to nozzle. I dont like that reaction, but thats just the way it is. How they can assure infant about us. Its a result of various influences of pike, women who tune no lot of eat a man was born in germany. 9 years after National Socialism ended, her father was a member of the party. He kept silent about his nazi past. Like most people as an if was im to disclose, sean, i think at some point its too late to have the talk. Families should have about the topic and but whats new to day i think is that todays racism, anti semitism and fall right . Crimes. And making young people ask new questions. Like, what are you doing parking lot to help victims, or what are you doing to help bring a home, a treatise to jumpstart was likely, upon more people are asking what can be done, but of course, against the backdrop of what happened here in the past. It i wanna truly put afforded ethan buffy. Im a positive and these are stellar stunt for. Yeah. I know. Do not go good. Inebriation crossed i enough from often from like november. No, its known that after diocese, people that ask avoided for not united with allison and bond to stick. Lesbian and memorial in the lavette, so shall say in berlin, since 900. 00. 60 but a monument wasnt built until 50 years after the bloody poke, romans targeting jews. Its a reminder of how the nazis used the synagogue as a site to round up juice for deputation. From here they were loaded into trucks or forced to walk to the Freight Train station sometimes at night, and sometimes in broad daylight with every one watching the holocaust, vo, im the holocaust was a crime that involved countless people should be often in the places where jews lived for the lord, it was a crime that many profited from the Homeless People looted from their neighbors. And most importantly however, his boss was that this wasnt just a mass murder of people, but a symbolic murder. The systematic, he planned extermination of the jews of europe, germany railey historian, danina calls it a rupture and civilization, the nazis called it. The final solution thus clinic them ultimately on. But i, if you guys come on top of the database to 1000 mention of i mean is like that target them on something. Once diesel adela he think i in the final solution at all if i should been sentenced to death in israel in 1961 in germany, those responsible for the crimes at auschwitz stood trial for the 1st time in 1963. The trial took place. Thanks to the efforts of attorney, general fitz bower. Persevering in the face of a germany that largely wanted to forget the shame of its nazi past and against a web of intrigues within the german post war justice system. To day immemorial in frankfurt commemorates his fight for a membrane is key, emotional did hold. He was not only concerned with the holocaust, it wasnt just about him as a jewish emigrant himself knew. It wasnt just about the crimes against the jews. He was just as concerned with the crimes against cynthia and roma, b u t o from he was concerned with the rehabilitation of deserters, but he also wanted to assess the world war for what it was fostered, an illegal war of aggression and injustice italy creek. Um, so he always have the Bigger Picture and mind mc germans only grasped the full extent of the holocaust. In 1979 when mobbing chomsky many theories, holocaust hit tv screens. Its a nice long buried feelings and repressed memories and made it impossible to look away from nazi tara and how it to a familys apart. What is his cry . What does he done . Said the, its you dont want the scenes were suddenly in every living room in germany and people started rethinking german identity and the holocaust holocaust. The series was designed to trigger exactly bad us to trigger. And the broadcast reacted quickly and that it senses and realized this Development Needed to be backed up. This Award Winning documentary depicts the socio political background and explosive atmosphere in germany following the broadcast of holocaust in 1979. Only to buy food out of town loom mom, i neglect iq, noticed that a study kind siena alst the of of man like of didnt spend it asked me the one must to send us copelands to suit with folks. Acted as if getting a sponsor you were filthy, not present. Im got an expert, he a dump faucet his and down dragon. And it had seen kill gum. Sheila spring not on. Suddenly the whole nation was talking about the enormity of finance these crimes. Finding new ways to make history immediate until noon from it for the future. Saba nor cima read the diary of anne frank as a child with her parents own experience is as refugees from pakistan in mind. Today she advises the government undeveloped concepts for the prevention of racist and anti semitic violence. Of the candidates, as does the core, i dare is that young people should empower themselves if i should frame their own opinions, share their experiences and understand that their story change can be relevant or important to columbus. Luxurious to live, im fine with every site. And frank diary made her a symbolic figure in the history of the holocaust. The learning lab at the Anne Frank Educational center in frankfort invites guests to interact with her story. And when linked it to experiences and perspectives of young people today, education can have a decisive influence on how history is remembered. The island through this course, what we learned in school is important to developing a culture of remembrance of what we remember and what im dont is ultimately derived from our education. This has sparked to more recent discussion about gym and colonialism. The crimes committed in the colonial era all still badly addressed in history lessons. Why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in former german South West Africa all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. Its a sensitive question from the polarizing one. And for me to name that is one really important lesson from the showa. Its that you must never so people fates, into hierarchies. Germanys culture of remembrance was years in the making. Decades of research and discourse have policy and put it in mainstream society, keeping the memory if the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. Not just in germany. Mm hm. Ah. In israel, remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last Holocaust Survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are moving ways to remember the past without them tel aviv israel 2022 on an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together. Hannah, monica and sharon went us. They were involved in the initiative zacharon bus alone remembrance in the living room, which brings Holocaust Survivors together with young israelis in a private setting. Dave dear is that we are doing it together. We think together we are listening with 1st we listen and then we share and then we talk. And the columbus al on the purpose is not to remember for the sake of remembering. We remember for us to repair, to shape our future. When we say never again, we have to minute hannah mocker is 99 years old. She survived the to read inch that ghetto, forced labor and the ocean its concentration camp. She shares her experiences and meetings with Younger Generations held around the world and also online. Oh your services indeed lanita understand what happened matter so they can prevent it from ever happening again. Dish the daily they need to understand that things that appear to be minor can result in terrible things like that. Life of people think it can never happen again. But many forget, go and seek her and basil on helps them understand how people acted back then messy her yeah. The active on assume it now roll that girl under them. Hell. The future of holocaust remembrance is also a central concern at the at vashem israels holocaust. Memorial in jerusalem, which opened in 1953 escaped jets to day. And israel, theyre a very, very few young people who are able to hear from their grandparents 1st hand about what happened back then. By, in other words, soon the eye witnesses will no longer be able to speak to us directly. There are fewer and fewer that has major implications because that means that a very natural connection to the subject. Namely through ones grandma grandpa is disappearing. Vic fit ah, the whole of names, and yet for him, a police of remembrance for the 6000000 jews who were systematically murdered in the name of now see ideology. The museums goal is to use documents, personal possessions and survivors. Testimonies to convey to future generations. What happened the International School for holocaust studies is also a part of yard for him. An Educational Institution for teaching the history of the sure continental changes in the culture of remembrance are underway here as well. Again, this is a nice little ferguson, ive seen the thing we have to understand that is really, society is very, very mixed. May say that it is a very heterogeneous society, if you wouldnt, in israel, about half of the jews in israel are of european ancestry. Can i, ash canarsie, jews, others have their roots in iraq, north africa, and yemen, and told them there may be a cultural bond or a National Bond through aesrael. Quit that, not necessarily a biographical wanna lease. Are you shipping law of a niche omitting . Have you raffish it is the 3rd and 4th generations in particular that are being impacted by these changes. Here at the school estella who trains Young Students studying to be teachers. 6 years ago, esther decided to make a lawyer and emigrate from germany to israel. As at some an and family and so on the one hand we are getting further and further away from the events of the holocaust illness as well. And of course, and israel, we all ready geographically distant from the places where the holocaust took place and had the places where the family histories existed before the persecution of the holocaust reform. Hm. From on the other hand, the family connections are just not as strong as they were for the 2nd generation. Weatherford, its fight again. Are you on the future of commemoration is also a concern at zacharon bas alone, 10 years ago when it was 1st initiated by a Younger Generation, it was still small. But to day it is almost gruen into an institution itself. And being given a place among official commemorations now to johannesburg, south africa, where studying european history is helping young people come to terms with their own countrys experience of violence and oppression. The South African metropolis of johannesburg. At the heart of the sprawling cityscape is the holocaust genocide center. Its founder and executive director is tarley knights who was born in israel in 1961. The historian has lived in south africa finale for decades. Shes dedicated her life to this project. It was never a museum come while dont engage any more. We wanted people to come again in again, visit temporary exhibitions, visited resource center, come to events, come to phils, come to dialogues, engage. That was very important to me personally into all of us. Tolley nights and her team spent a decade planning, collecting donations and networking. The center opened in 2019 and became part of johanna spokes, cultural life architect lewis, levine, drew up his design, consultation with survivors of the show her and the genocide. In rwanda, its architecture that makes the history more tangible. The Railway Lines are embedded in rock and stone. They are not parallel, they are going to the sky and the Railway Lines symbolized journeys, journeys of the holocaust beyond julies of gentle fine journeys of oppression and suffering. Journeys of modernity that brings progress, but all sole pain. Since the 19th century, south africa has been home to the Largest Jewish Community in all of africa. But this place of remembrance is not just for them. Its also for the poster parties, nation as a home and young people, especially. So why do you choose them to tell are the histories because in the country that suffered from a very painful past, and he still struggling with that past off colonialism off racism of apartheid. Its very difficult for us to actually speak about ourselves. Everything in our minds is translated through our own history. It is easier in a way to have another entry point. Roughly 30 years after the end of apartheid, the chasm between rich and poor is still very evident. Reconciling the divide is a mammoth task for south africas democracy. With children, the racial and the honoring policies that were created by the nazis have resemblance to a bought of dave laws in south africa in ill be very honest with yourself. Africa still struggling with racism and inequality in facts ill africa is now most unequal country in the world. So a lot of that is between the different races. So theres a reality, we cant deny that. And so when kids come through this center, its an opportunity to speak about that. And to address that, since the wave of violence against african migrants in 2000 a night, conflicts continue to flare up xenophobia and racism. A themes that the center aims to tackle together with students. And teachers like mumsy melinda from red hill high school. My parents did tell me about a part in what they went through and is so see some of those things. You know, when i teach my kids about my students about a potted, i make them look around the immediate environment and say to them, what do you see . That is the legacy of a potted, in other wits way . Is the evidence of those things. So its very, very important that they make those connections and also to see that history is not just in the history books. It is very much part of her history. Thats not just in books, like these pieces of clothing, for example. They belong to people from the tootsie minority in rwanda, brutally murdered. In 1994, the violence was stoked by racist propaganda on the radio. A genocide in the heart of africa. Since then its been Crystal Clear to tarley knights. Its essential to fight against hatred, indifference, and silence. Rwanda was always the, it had to be the, this outburst of violence, deadly deadly violence is really important to speak about how quickly things can happen. How quickly, almost a 1000000 people can be killed. You do not need to build an outfit, you can just kill with your hands with machetes with grenades with knife. And i think for us in south africa will wonder more than other cases of jail site is the most important case to the center works with volunteers like irina class. Born in 1931. She experienced nazi brutality as a child in poland. Here and now she tells her story. Ah, from 9 years onwards i lived was my mother, my uncle and my grand mother. One small room in the warsaw ghetto. Sinks were not easy at all because i had to almost grow up of a night for many years. I couldnt talk about my experiences by my story. Couldnt die was me. I felt i had to bring back surpass tarley nights. His Family History is also part of the museum. What . Because 2 of her relatives, names were on Oscar Schindlers list. Her father moses here on the left. And her uncle, henry, survived the holocaust. Being on that list save their lives. I am the memorial candle, so i am carrying the memory off the family. And im very, very proud that this a center in a way is a legacy is a legacy project to the family members that were murdered. Those that survived a passion for, for history. But the passion for learning from history, understanding history and learning from it for this tale nights is the recipient of the 2020 to go to metal. That was our, its 21 with some new perspectives on remembrance called turtle. Good bye for now. And see you next time ah ah, with the do you know that 77 percent a lot because younger than 35. Thats me and me and you know its time all voices lot high. Honda 77 percent. The talk about the issues with this is with the 70 percent. Next turn on d, w with nothing is as it was and is even said to be better with the opal astro. The original time automaker has completely revamped its most important model. We test the plugin hybrid version and give you the full report read the 60 minutes on d w. Ah, and he tagged along to this visual hotspots in germany, europe and the world d. W. Travel truly were in ah ah ah, its great to be back for another edition of your favorite magazine show. This is the 77 percent the platform for africa. You. I am eddie mike, a junior hello and welcome to the program. With. They show us quite special