In babylon. Valley the heart of afghanistan. The sculptures survived for 1500 years, in spite of islam and its ban on icons. Then came the taliban. Amidst international protests, the figures were blown up, erasing a part of afghanistans rich history that was more than 20 years ago. Now that the taliban is back in power. No one knows what will happen to what remains of the buddhist family on the trauma lingers. Mancilla elemy was a child when the buddhist looked blown up as his family in afghanistan didnt have a television, he only saw the destruction lighter, but he knew the buddha statues. Well. My father told me it is something that, that, that as connection with religion, it is our culture of the story. I was hide. Entity was part of our identity and we keep at least save it for future generations. Some want to preserve culture, others want to destroy it. But why is this about ideology, religion or the power to will raise and rewrite history. What to islamists like the taliban . All the terrorist Islamic State group want . Why will members of i . Yes, turning the destruction of the ancient multicultural city of palmera into Media Production that infidels can watch on television. Is it religious fanaticism, or clever p r . Excuse, while were using . I frog. Im sure its definitely more about religious fanaticism than anything else. I want as can, it is quite clearly about taking up space and marking territory does that from, from flesh. And if theres money to be made from that or even better just mm hm. Okay. Because then you can use it to buy weapons somewhat. But and kaufman the black market of antiquities, is flourishing. Cultural property is valued world wide and its protected. But why . What to Cultural Treasures, both alone and those of other countries mean to us . In a room which may, if its worth something to someone, but then its worth protected rather, security, right . Because it says a lot about our history, it gives a strength and can be an inspiration. So then come on, foipnerd from a record of pass cultures is also a good reminder that our own on a also power some day went ahead with we travel 3350 years back in time to an ancient culture. Revolutionary pharaoh cannot an elevated the sun god art and to the center of worship, thus upsetting the h to gyptian pantheon of gods. Often represented by the disk of the son, protected the divine family, the pharaoh, his wife, nefertiti, and daughters. Here they all look rather strange. I cannot and also revolutionize the art of portraiture. The distinctive elongated heads and not owed to any illness, as was previously thought, but reflect the new amana style. I cannot and broke radically with the past. He suppressed old coals, abolished the priesthood of arm loan and made plenty of enemies as a result. When the pharaoh died after a 20 year rain, his portraits were no longer wanted, and many were destroyed. Men hunters and an owncloud them, and hunters people did not believe what this man had initiated a dragon in it. So they actively wanted to oppose it a roast gig and use it tight or pony young. And as i s as deliberately destroyed any images and release of pharaoh, i cannot and nisa on us, and yet dashed along and as far, oh, if not wanting to do it, they were probably only given the order to destroy any visible traces of the sparrow after leaving the capital hotel, im on the boost hide. Oh, didnt be feel at tired. Sir stewart must. Emma jo wendys. Father was eat them. It is that way he would disappear from the historiography of egyptian horizon once and for all of us winded. Oh, the only female pharaoh did not fare any better. Although happ ship suit was often portrayed with the ceremonial beard like her male peers, a woman pharaoh was too much to handle for her contemporaries. They raised her image. This scandalous woman was not to be remembered. Oh, her chips, his teacher was also posthumously disgraced guilty by association. His inscription was partially scratched off. Ah, the eurasia of memory, with for religious or power, political reasons is so common in history, that there is even a specific term for it does not show memoria, censoring the memory of disagreeable predecessors. This practice was especially common in the roman empire. This pennell painting to fix impressive genius. The arrows in his family. The missing face is that of his son, gator, who was murdered by his own brother, who then had his image raised dance, offered us money, images of certain personalities that were destroyed, both statues and illustration, not one almost apes. For example, that were done in such a way that i can see that something has been raised either side of it was virtually forbidden to talk about it. But every one could see agent i did as edith on the. So it was a warning at the same time as for the 5 to some one was not only made to be forgotten in a sense, but the forgetting itself is what was remembered in all the conundrum. If posterity still remembers the erasure of a person after a long time with a really forgotten or are they remembered even more for being a raised with paintings, its usually clear who was a raised and why. But thats not the case with sculptures. How do we know whether the boss to this prussian ruler was deliberately wacked in the nose . Or if its simply fell off in museums, sculptures used to be given a new nose and nose jobs so to speak. Nowadays, they prefer to show the missing pieces on the face and to try to find explanations. The stinks of geisha is also missing its nose. And research is a still trying to work out why. The creators of the cartoon series asterix apparently found the nose mystery. So intriguing that they decided to have their character overlooks accidentally break it off with the subtle message. Dont have your nose in the air. Ah, ah jokes aside, this was a silly is master in egypt, where tampering with a statue was treated like a personal assault. Either answer missed out to her, every statue was a kind of substitute body for the owner, the end which was either placed in the temple or in the 2 redoing and through a ritual known as the opening of the mouth. This statue was granted a kind of vitality back to her. I nod ladens face cut so beautiful on vandy when its nose was broken off, that the statue was deprived of its ability to breathe kite with her home, india and her. This would prevent the person that the statue symbolized from living in eternity in desert tart hours hood din taught growing up his own in de ab cut. Ah oh, good. Even though greek statues were not quite as spirited, many of them are also missing paces. And its often the most important part, the head. Its evident that there has been a lot of modification, late, antique figures, and imagery of pagan gods did not foreseen with the rise of christianity. But heads were not the only things that rolled naked men were not welcoming christianity either. Their more delicate parts were initially chiseled off later replaced by the famous lead, leave them on yet fog light. Thus, if you compare what happened in antiquity with what the taliban or the so called a stomach state of don, antique a possible, we dont have any images from the greek and roman antiquity that clearly show these pieces being desecrated. Often like the toppling of statues, for example, wash this or i know start one, chandel. Im start when stored saw it was done manhattan. It was transcribed into literature. He thought, but it wasnt done for publicity. Lawsuits was eps dustin, and good notes of a kind of room shall kaiser hit. A Roman Emperor would never have promoted himself as someone who had taught the statue of his previous household. Unforgiving osgood in the 1st major dispute of a religious iconography occurred during the buys, hunting empire, were images of jesus mary and the saints aloud. And could they also be worshipped. Many followers of the orthodox catholic faith, believe the icons, a powerful protectors, but 8th century emperors considered them blasphemous. The cross was the only thing that mattered to them. Emperor constantine, the 5th, was also an iconoclast. He persecuted people who worshipped icons and had those icons destroyed a cultural struggle that flared up again 800 years later. A new iconoclasm sweat through european churches during reformation. The new Christian Doctrine spread by Martin Luther was strictly against so called idolatry. Churches were looted as a result and thousands of paintings along with other mediaeval artworks winter in flames. Galilee vilnash think i have the very strict calvinists in particular, had a very strong desire to assert their power in this way. After the advisor yamato for the month, ian now under the enforced the ban of icons in such a way that was really destructive to get off coupled gurgainus and some tied him of anna of get the may. Sometimes they also incited a crowd to participate in that which included looting whole wagners management. It must also be said that these iconoclasm at times had a pure financial motor leader because items could be sold for a profit, or if they were made of gold or silver melted down. Many people regarded the churches wealth as a huge food and aside, especially the so called indulgence, trade, where followers could secure their place in heaven with donations of a certain amount which generated a lot of income for the catholic clergy. Anger about the churches, pomp and power was directed towards these practices and it was difficult to control in some places. The great preacher, Martin Luther tried to pacify followers, but his influence did not reach across borders. Iconoclasm raged in switzerland and later in england mm. Mm. Religion is not the only thing that incited feelings of hatred. Politics did 2 in 1789 during the french revolution, protest as man the barricades for liberty and other rights. Once again, statues were beheaded. This time, those of the absolute, his kings. But the fight for freedom turned into chaos and brutal violence, not only against people, but against icons and art from the royal palaces. Anything that represented the hated feudal aristocracy. Abbe gregoire a bishop and member of the national assembly, condemned all acts of extremism and vandalism. He asserted that Cultural Property should be protected, that it was good plagued while he coin something that still influences us to day. Namely the idea of Cultural Heritage. As a mans older one should not destroy any preceding cultural monumentally comparable, even if they are connected to french king se, and because they are monuments of society as a whole thing. And because they were crafted by frenchmen, trucks, in, by the phone, from fulton shopping board, but even if they are connected with french king, i quote, they are still monuments that represent Cultural Heritage. Does i know why to google . And this idea that content society can inherit something from an earlier culture just runs through the language of Cultural Heritage crew to alba, ah, radical rethinking with an impact since the Hague Convention of 1954 Cultural Heritage sites have been defined as something of global value that must be protected. There are now more than 1150. 00 world cultural and Natural Heritage sites. Listen by unesco. Iran alone has a particularly high number of Cultural Heritage sites. 24. Not only is not shad johannes square and is for hon. One of the largest and most beautiful sites in the world. Its also a tourist magnet. But these sites came under political 5 in 2019. Often a rainy in general was assassinated by the u. S. Military. Then President Donald Trump threatened to attack sites, important for a rainy and culture in case of retaliation, granger there was an unusual from it, lo statements put him on the same level as the taliban. And i asked, in particular want, which has been very destructive in recent years as element 3 on williams. This rhetoric approved this method as an element of warfare. And thats why we want the destruction of Cultural Heritage recognized as a war crime for by she is. And i school does mom, that means that the u. N. And the International Court can become resources to protect Cultural Heritage sites and prosecute crimes against them as crimes against humanity. That all laughter for work. In fact, in 2016 the you and sentenced a member of an islamist Terrace Group to 9 years in prison for the destruction of Cultural Heritage, the mausoleums and molly, in the desert city of tim buck, 2 was centuries old pilgrimage sites. There are also fears that Cultural Treasures could be destroyed in the cart war in ukraine, but there have been no targeted attack so far. Fortunately, most Cultural Heritage sites around the world have been spared destruction that monuments continue to stir up promotions it after the collapse of the soviet union. The fight of its monuments was called into question, especially the many statues of the socialist hero, lenin, b. F, g unveiled in what was then east berlin, became a political issue after the fall of the wall. People in berlin were no longer so keen to have what they regarded to be an ideologically contaminated statue. But in 1991 to the regret of some who had lived in a berlin, the statue of lenin started to be dismantled. It was broken up into a 125. 00 paces, which were then buried outside berlin. In his film, good by linen director volcano, becca resurrected the communist revolutionary and had him fly through berlin like some angel of utopian illusion. As if saying farewell to socialism, it place to seal of finality on the fact that the better world linen had fought so hard for had never come to be back to reality. After much debate in 2015 lennon or at least his head was exude. The 3 and a half ton head found a new resting place. Inch band ow, citadel museum. After dodging initial flat from various authorities in west germans, whod rather the socialist idol, stay buried. Escobar political in there with the electrical factors that argued against antonio. And i thought that some people worried that russia was no longer the soviet union of quincy would demand that the entire monument, they restored. Others worried that backward looking for in the east germans would make it a pilgrimage site and that could blow up into a big problem as problematic. Fine can. Meanwhile sandals which are protected species, had taken up residence on the remnants of the ada. And so they had to be meticulously court by hand along with all their families before the pieces could be dug out of that, of a van who before that was the club, van clinton, good. Ah, old heroes, defunct rulers and dictators. Whether theyre in latin america or in the arabic speaking world, they all received the same treatment rebels in syria toppled bashar al sadi, father and predecessor on his behalf in the countryside. A statue of half as on our side was also destroyed. The more severe the oppression, the more violent the retribution regime changes have often been celebrated by toppling monuments in europe. 2 ah, the killing of a black man by police brutality, outraged millions, and not just in the usa. The black lives Matter Movement targets racism and its historical legacy. The statues of confederate generals and the slavery they defended the monuments had to go ah, the same fate was install for the rediscover of america. Christopher columbus re styled as a having of colonialism and target of heated emotional debate. History may be reevaluated, but the treatment of newly disgraced monuments remains the same out of sight, out of mind. Ah, i live for healing vaguely all the decades of lobbying for a suitable context to be created for these monuments and public spaces and not just for them to be left standing or simply destroy it as also. And this can be researched under tested festa. I have been swept away unheeded into her head on the phone longer valid. I could understand such a wave of rage taking shape. But personally, i feel bad in the pitch of my stomach whenever Something Like that is just destroyed to prove in it, stirred her. Oh, what about the monuments like this one to auto von . Bismarck 1st, chancellor of the german empire. He presided over the infamous berlin conference, but lay down regulations the carving of africa and the pacific into colonies. Should he go the way of the confederate generals . No said the artist, you wrote various and gold. Instead, the statesmen out of favor should don new colors this summer. It took them 3 months of hard work to give the grand old white man a new paper. Masha coat of many colors. Ah, a sale at emily on the essentially i see a project as a kind of mediation where the re thinking takes place in peoples minds. And we hope this temporary alteration will bring about such a re thinking through it one real quick. One moment you can say our project, monumental shadows is an intermediate stage. It has to be since once were gone through the monuments will still be standing, there is always. So its not like we can pat ourselves on the back and say it was a job. Well done, or in any case something more has to happen with. So were hoping for some discussion at least, and because these are monuments to violence and think me louder, devote the art project has already led many viewers to see oh bismark with new eyes. His colored outer skin may not have exonerated him, but perhaps its demystified him. A little this playful approach to this and other colonial era monuments to come in. Other countries tends to raise some more basic questions. Lets emphasise that in the end because of the material qualities of paper, monumental shadows raises a question, could do monuments really have to be meant for eternity as this . And if theyre not for eternity, do we have to have this kind of thing at all of us . Ha, cant we think along more temporary lines . I have the art has become sapiens who can show the way out of the historical cycle of toppling monuments. One after another long requisite m as things stand, artists have to deal with whatever society or government cant manage any other way on line that includes an autistic perspective, or monuments raising anti monuments or handling them some other way than that. Maybe with holograms or something. Whatever it could also be something really exciting, interesting on file or creating something temporary that can be exciting to allen. Im of the Firm Conviction that in a democracy it can be really wonderful. Have so many different possibilities with the mall toss abilities. The heart of the choice, the debate over the monument to freedom in unity for germanys re unification, raged for nearly 15 years. Do we need a monument at all . Its so where the result was this gigantic cecil 11, there would all were getting along quite well without this monument august, and i think some day, many people will say we could have done just as well without it as mac. Humans, as though after mac, you the permanent designation of a spot that you attribute some event to will live on. You formed the form that recognition takes, has softened a bit on its no longer as figurative or marshall informed. One of them and given our digitally dominated lives, it would be nice to have some kind of supplemental digital imagery that could in turn, be changed some day. But the monument goes wilson, and that marks the spot would remain unchanged. It will discovery even in birmingham, not every one is willing to consign the empty space left by the buddhist statues to oblivion. But any attempt to restore them would cost millions of euros money desperately needed by the many starving afghans speaks for the restoration of Cultural Heritage wants destroyed our digit home over 3 D Printed Solutions to possibility. But who with these fight copies serve not the archaeologists. Mancilla me hopes the taliban will keep their promise and protect what remains of the buddhas they are saying that they are protecting the 3rd. Nobody knows because i need then they can change their mind and they do something they, theyre resorting because now there are new and then didnt know how to do it. But you dont know whats happening in future. Will the taliban preserve Cultural Heritage man. So elemy isnt the only one with doubts. This makes the work of conservators even more essential the say than of garrison. National a nation is says stay alive when the, its culture is the life. So if you dont have culture, youre not, we are nothing. So if you see it worldwide, this is the same. We are nothing. This is our files. We should know. What so parson . What . So . Towel tower. So a culture, its a portal for identity. Its international identity. 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My jillions journey around the world starts september 7th on d, w. Ah. Hi there. Welcome to the sum into 7 percent assured are lets africa, majority de youth. Talk about things that are important to us. I am michael o t, your host for today. So yes, whats coming