Before we do now as we call off each crirn, they will stand and well have old glory, the flag thats been taken around the world, presented to each one of them and theyll be saluted for their service. Presenting the flags is a father and son team, jason atiri from the national defense. Iversity and his son r. Garnett h. Hammond. Mr. Hammond enlisted in the u. S. Army reserves Officers Training corps while attending howard university, as an army soldier, he served in the you apparent theater in world war ii serving in england, france, and germany and was a tech 5 sergeant and served as a mail clerk until receiving an Honorable Discharge in 1946. After the war, mr. Hammond worked as the United StatesNational Postal museum in washington, d. C. For 35 years. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Garnett h. Hammond. Second is mrs. Burt bresher, serving with a woman accepted for volunteer emergency service, the waves, a unit of the United States naval reserve, mrs. Dresser was stationed as pontiff point in rhode island from 19431946 working in the war bound office. Ladies and gentlemen, mrs. Burt dresser. The next is chief Master Sergeant timmons. He was in the United States army during world war ii and was a prisoner of war. During his 18 months in captivity, he escaped three times from the germans and once from the russian liberators before returning to american care. After the war, he tried to join the army again to go back to germany to find the nurse who kept him alive by sneaking him food. Unfortunately, he wasnt allowed to go while in the army due to the agreement with the germans which did not allow prisoners of war to return to germany, so he joined the Newest Branch of the military, the United States air force. After joining the air force, he was stationed in germany, eventually found the nurse he was looking for. They were married seven months later. He retired after serving 24 years in the United States military. Ladies and gentlemen, chief Master Sergeant tippins. Mr. Herman zychek. He served in the Field Artillery as a tech 4 grade headquarters battery. He took part in the normandy invasion on june 6, 1944 landing on utah beach at each hour, first wave. He also took part in the liberation of paris in the liberation of the dachau concentration camp. Mr. Herman zychek. Mr. Petrogalo began his federal service in june of 1943 in the killing group. The military direct decorations include the european, african and middle Eastern Campaign medal with a normandy invasion arrowhead and five bronze stars. Mr. Petrogallo retired from the u. S. States Ordinance School in aberdeen proving grounds on october 20, 1978 after more than 31 Years Service to his country. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Alfred petrogallo. Mr. Robert reid, mr. Reid joined the Armed Services in 1943 along with seven of his siblings. While waiting in line to enlist in the marines, his brother, pete weather who was a few men ahead of him in the registration line, added his name to the u. S. Navy registry. He was sent to the South Pacific and was the signal man as a Landing Craft infantry number 516. That was modified with machine guns to protect other service men during amphibious landings. Mr. Reid had four other brothers stationed in the South Pacific and three others in europe. In various Armed Service divisions. He recalled one day in particular when he saw a nearby l. C. I. Landing craft infantry ship, that he had the same number his brother pete reid was assigned to. He signaled, asking if he knew, and to his surprise received a message back that you are speaking to him. His boat had been unknowingly sent to relieve his brothers crew and at the end of the war he was assigned a ferryman back to the phillipine islands and then returned back to the United States in 1946. Mr. Reid worked in various jobs after returning from world war ii but felt his calling to reenlist but this time in the United States marines. He was sent to Camp Pendleton for advance combat training and soon found himself on a c47 headed to seoul, korea and his squad was sent on dangerous enemies to draw fire to determine what type of firepower they had and his squad came under power and he could hear the sounds of an injured soldier nearby asking for help. He went to aid of his fellow marine and helped bring him back out of danger. In the process, robert was injured with shrapnel from a mortar shell that was struck nearby. He was awarded the purple heart and returned home in 1952. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Robert reid. Mr. Robert m. Granter, mr. Granter served with the United States armed air forces fifth air force, advanced echelon laying airstrips behind the invasion trips forward progress in the Pacific Theater in operations including new guinea, philippines and japan. Its a pleasure to have mr. Robert m. Ganter here today, ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Paul hoskins. He enlisted in the United States navy in 1943 at the age of 17. After boot camp, he was selected to attend the navys radio material school. After graduation in 1944 as a radio technician first class, he was shipped overseas to the islands just east of new guinea and north of the bismarck islands. He was assigned to the navy ship repair unit located on the island of lasniegro. He was involved in the preparation of the ships that participated in the invasion and retaking of the philippines islands and later years he held the position of head of the Computer Development unit with the head of ships. When he retired in 1991, every combat ship in the United States navy had one or more computers with mr. Hoskins was involved with. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Paul hoskins. Mr. Solduk. He enlisted in the navy at 17 in 1942. After boot camp completed his gunnery training aboard the u. S. S. Navy work and assigned to combat duty aboard the destroyer escort u. S. S. Carter as the ships gunner mate and responsible for maintaining all his ships, small arms as well as manning a 40 millimeter antitank carke gun mount during combat operations. During his tour of combat duty, the ship was responsible for capturing three german submarines. He also participated in boarding vessels suspected of smuggling contraband as a armed member of the boarding crew. After the surrender of germany completed a threeyear tour guarding german prisoners at the naval station in philadelphia. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Fred soladuk. Lieutenant colonel after frelled ebtula. In may of 1944 he was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the Army Air Forces working as an Aircraft Maintenance officer on a b24 aircraft at dale marbary air force tennessee and chat ham air force base in georgia. Reassigned to the corps of engineers he trained with the aviation engineer battalion in airfield and structure repair. In 1945 he shipped to the Pacific Theater for the assignles at tinian island, sipan in okinawa and his efforts involved preparation for the invasion of mainland japan, constructing and repair of airfields. After a period of time on okinawa, he was reassigned to the Army Air Forces and became a maintenance officer in a b29 aircraft until japan surrendered on september 2, 1945. He retired from the air force in december of 1976 after 34 years of reserve and active duty. He then began working on aircraft structural testing with Systems Research laboratories in dayton, ohio. He retired in 1990 and was active flying with the civil air patrol. Ladies and gentlemen, Lieutenant Colonel alfred neptula. Mr. Carol george. Mr. George tried to get into the United StatesCoast Guard Academy before world war ii but on the first of four attempts, he was not admitted so he went to georgia tech and studied engineering and was accepted by the United States navy as a mid shipman for o. S. C. Training and was within a few weeks of getting a Naval Commission officer reserves after serving on a battleship in the atlantic when he showed up at the Coast Guard Academy dressed in a naval midshipmens uniform. He was finally accepted in 1941. He graduated in three years in a cross sword wedding after graduating and was deployed to the atlantic where his ship was nearly torpedoed by a nazi u boat. After 19 4 in early 1945 in the atlantic and pacific, his ship was sent to okinawa. His ship was shot down by four japanese planes, mr. George said he was more worried about his pregnant wife back in the United States than the battle at okinawa. His ship is still afloat in Baltimore Harbor today. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Carol george. Mr. Harry miller. Mr. Miller is a veteran of 22 years of military service in the United States army and air force. He served in world war ii in the United States army with the 740 tank battalion as a tank crewman in the assault gun platoon of Headquarters Company and in the Message Center of Battalion Headquarters taking part in the battle of the bulge. He served in the korean war in the United States army in again mcare churs headquarters in the Communication Center and served in the United States air force in vietnam war as Strategic Air command. Mr. Miller retired from the United States air force in january of 1966 as a senior Master Sergeant. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Harry miller. Colonel james riffey. He is a 95 years old, young, purple heart veteran, world war ii. He entered the army as a private in 1942 and retired as a colonel in 1972. He participated in the battle of okinawa as a leader of the infantry platoon and commander of an Infantry Rifle Company and Intelligence Officer and plans and Operations Officer of an entry battalion. Ladies and gentlemen, colonel riffey is airborne qualified and jump master. We like that. Airborne. Ladies and gentlemen, colonel james riffey. Mr. Wendell birch. Mr. Birch served in the navy as a yeoman, second class and cryptologist in the Pacific Theater and participated in the gilbert and marbling islands and okinawa and iwo jima. Its a pleasure to have with us today mr. Wendell birch. Mr. Leo w. Renn was a member of the Army Air Corps and was a instructor on the b24 training squad and the p38 training squad. He was a radio teletypist in guam in the 55th weather reconnaissance in the guam island, also. Its a pleasure to have mr. Leo. Wren here. Mr. Will fred pitgood served in the Army Air Forces, served in panama and in washington, d. C. And his brothers also served in europe and he was a world war ii veteran. So glad to have today with us mr. Will friday pitgood. The final world war ii veteran today is mr. Lee jennings. Isaw a member of the cech nation of the indians and is a world war ii vet and korean vet, also, and he served in the delta force and also he served in okinawa. Ladies and gentlemen, mr. Lee jennings. Ladies and gentlemen, what you have in front of you is a group of heroes today who are so glad that they are here with us to share this veterans day as we commemorate and honor all of our veterans. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, wed like to introduce our master of ceremonies for this event, mr. Mike haydeck who has been with us and is on channel 9 early in the mornings and a great american. He loves our world war ii veterans and all veterans and has done so very much to spread this message to our schools throughout the washington, d. C. Area. Ladies and gentlemen, its our pleasure to introduce mike hydek. Good start, right . Fortunately they put these things in scripts. I bring my own script, too. Good morning. I hope you guys are trying to stay warm today. The wind is a bit of a challenge this morning. Again, as you heard, my name is mike hydek, the morning anchor for channel 9 in washington, d. C. And im honored once again to be asked back as your master of ceremonies to help honor our greatest generation. Can you hear me ok . Ok. Trying to make sure with all the wind here. On behalf let me move this so i can see it. On behalf of the friends of the World War Ii National memorial here in washington, d. C. , we are honored to be here to recognize the greatest generation. As citizens of a grateful nation, we salute our greatest generation who helped preserve freedom around the globe and we offer a special salute to the men and women of the armed forces who continue to serve and sacrifice in the ongoing war on terrorism. We want to let them know that their service is deeply appreciated. All of these warriors, veterans , past and present. We owe a debt of gratitude and our lasting appreciation for their service to our country. And ladies and gentlemen, it is now my pleasure to introduce our official party today, our keynote speaker to my right, mr. Allen will fred howardton. Our world war ii veteran and former senator, the honorable robert dole. The superintendent of the National Mall and memorial vitsky. S. Gay chairman of the board for the friends of the National World war ii memorial, mr. Josiah bunting iii. Representing the maritime administration, a great friend of the National World war ii memorial and our world war ii veterans, maritime administrator, the honorable paul chip danikin. And a special welcome to the designer of the National Mall, the world war ii memorial, mr. Frederick st. Florian. And our chaplin today, from the military district of washington chaplin lewis kruger. Ladies and gentlemen, if you would, please rise for the presentation of colors and the playing of the National Anthem and the invocation. Good morning. Please pray with me. Most gracious heavenly father, we recognize that we are a blessed nation and that in your steadfast love you have protected our land and richly provided for us. And through the bravery, dedication, and sacrifice of our veterans, we enjoy peace and liberty. Father, as we gather on the sacred grounds, help us to be mindful of what the greatest generation accomplished, how our world war ii veterans stood for righteousness, justice, and freedom and fought to quench wickedness and lawlessness and tyranny and demonstrated the strength of the american resolve that embodied unity, endurance, and sacrificial service. Thank you, lord, that they were willing to stand for something that was greater than themselves. May we remember the resolute spirit and help us to carry on their legacy. Sovereign lord, lift up our world war ii veteran spirit, strengthen their bodies and give them a tranquil heart this day and each day that comes. Bess and watch over each and every one of them. Bestow h theee it wisdom and protect our service men and women deployed throughout the world. May your strong arms be with them and their families, especially their children and our holy name we pray, amen. Ladies and gentlemen, it is now introduce a person we are very fortunate to have with us today. Our cohost of todays ceremony is, as always, the National Park service. They are the caretakers of this beautiful memorial. And they are here today to help us mark this occasion. The superintendent of the National Mall and memorial parks. Ladies and gentlemen, please be eated. Good morning, everyone. What a beautiful day. On behalf of the National Park service, it is my sincere pleasure to welcome you to our observance of veterans day at the world war ii memorial. This is a time we recognize those who served, honor those who fell, and recognize the victory that was achieved to restore freedom and end tyranny around the globe. Id like to take this opportunity to recognize our remarkable partners, the friends of the world war ii memorial. They help us care for this memorial and cosponsor this mornings ceremonies. Thank you so much for your partnership and for sharing in our mission to ensure that the legacy and sacrifices of world war ii veterans are not forgotten. I also want to thank the staff and the volunteers of the National Park service. Ive had the honor to serve at many National Parks. I am remarkably proud of the team we have here at the National Mall. They help us educate the public. They help us maintain this remarkable memorial and so many others around the National Mall. The world war ii memorial welcomes over four million visitors a year and it would in the be possible for that to be a gracious and wonderful experience without the staff and volunteers of the National Park service, so thank you very much for being with us today and for all that you do. A special welcome to our keynote speaker, world war ii veteran combat infantry veteran and author, mr. Allen hauerton. And as youve also heard, we are honored to be joined this morning by the architect of the world war ii memorial, frederick st. Florian. Thank you for being with us. And i think everyone will agree that the design is remarkable its a ting tribute great honor to have former Senate Majority leader bob dole with us this morning. He is a remarkable longterm supporter of veterans, and of this memorial in particular. Three times decorated for his bravery and sacrifice in combat during world war ii. Senator dole served as the chairman of the National Campaign that raised the private contribution that largely funded the construction of the world war ii memorial, so thank you so much for that ift to the nation. And perhaps most importantly today, to all members of our armed forces and the veterans who are with us, thank you for your service, and we are absolutely honored by your presence with us this morning. There is no tribute, no commemoration, no honor that truly can recognize the magnitude of your service and your sacrifice but today is the day we say thank you. This memorial was conceived and built as a way to show our gratitude for the 16 million men and women who met and defeated one of the greatest threats the world has ever seen. It is because of the contributions to peace and freedom made by those who served during world war ii that we enjoy the freedoms we have today. The words of president harry s. Truman engraved on the Memorial Wall behind me say, quote, our debt to the heroic men and valiant women in the service of our country can never be repaid. They have earned our undying gratitude. America will never forget their sacrifices. Heren lies the importance of this and our nations other sacred memorials. Remembrance. These places help us and the generations unborn recognize that extraordinary things come from people with maybe otherwise ordinary lives. And these places help us remember the monumental trials and sacrifices that have shaped our nation, our government, and year, 2016, is the National Park service hassell breakthroughed our centennial anniversary, marking 100 years of telling the important stories that have helped shape our nation. As we embark on our second century of the National Park service, our service to the american public, we are reaching out to the next generation of park visitors to help ensure these stories of heroic deeds and extraordinary accomplishments continue to be told and remembered. So when your grandchildrens grandchildrens grandchildren visit here at the world war 2 memorial, the historic story of our veterans still will be told and americans will continue to understand that because of their courage, our willingness to fight and even give their lives america endures. And we are honored to be entrusted with the care of this memorial and their memory. Thank you. Happy veterans day. Ladies and gentlemen, we are also very, very fortunate to have a tireless advocate for all veterans. Hes a veteran himself, hes the chairman of the friends of the world war ii memorial, a rhodes scholar, a vietnam veteran, a former professor at the naval war college, a former superintendent of his alma mater, the Virginia Military institute, mr. Josiah bunting iii brings a great knowledge and of course a deep appreciation of the military and our veterans. It is my great pleasure to welcome mr. Josiah bunting iii to the podium. Thank you, sir, and good morning to all of you. My message is a brief one. , beautiful for heroes proved in liberating strife who more and self our country loved mercy more than life. This is our great tribute to all of our veterans but most especially the veterans of the most greatest war ever fought, those men who swallowed fear, went forward fearlessly in the face of the enemy, and served our country with imparishable distinction. Many of us find ourselves alas attending Memorial Services and unerals for those we have lost the most Important Message i think we may share at those times is the message of mmolation and determination. Let us in our own lives embody the things we cherish and acclaim in those heroes in whose presence we are blessed to be today. God bless the United States of america. God bless all of our veterans to whom our debt is beyond calculation. Od bless you, thank you. They have a special passion for patriotism and youve heard it on display already today. We are privileged to have with us the United States brass uinn tet who will now Brass Quintet who will now perform a tribute to our veterans. What a beautiful tribute to all of our veterans. And now a few words from the man whose heart and soul went into making sure this memorial could be built, senator robert dole. Mr. Dole thank you very much. I want to thank every member, family member, veterans and all and eterans who are here our heroes who are no longer with us. Im honored to be a veteran. At 93, i dont do a lot of work but i do show up every day in a law firm and they pay me for showing up. As ost of my time i spend a volunteer trying to be lpful to veterans and to animals and to disabled americans. I take great pride in this memorial and the architect thats been a wonderful job to his memorial in d. C. And ive been coming out here every saturday morning for the st five years and ive met proud mip f veterans and women who serve their country, did what they were asked to do, were all in this together, doesnt make any difference whether youre in combat or not, whether it was were or world war ii, and proud of ty our service and very proud of america. Think of all the young men and whose lives were cut hort because of the sacrifice nd to guarantee our freedom. So speaking from all the veterans, thank you. Thank you, america. And thank you for people like who were ront of me with us all the way. God bless america. Senator dole, we cannot thank you enough. [applause] if it wasnt for you, senator dole, we wouldnt be here today for many reasons. Thank you so much for your service. And now im honored to introduce our key note speaker, our final speaker this morning, weve become friends over the last few events together, havent we . He has a passion for broadcasting. He actually had his own show on Public Access cable not too long ago which we had a wonderful conversation about earlier today. He brings such a beautiful spirit to these events every time we get together and it is my honor, and you can stay seated because he has an amazing resume and well give you a taste of that in just a moment. Our final speaker is mr. Allen will fred hauerton, seated to my right, your left. Mr. Hauerton grew up in western kentucky in the 1920s and in the Great Depression of the 1930s. He graduated from storm surge Us High School in kentucky, class salute torrian, a member of the National Beta club, Academic Honors Society and studies radio and broadcasting in new york city while working for a restaurant chain in northern new jersey, and he entered the u. S. Army at fort dix, new jersey, in 1943. Following basic training as a medic, he was selected to the Army Specialized Training program and assigned to an engineering unit at Drexel Institute of technology but due to an impending man shortage at the a. S. C. P. Program, it was discontinued halfway through in april of 1944. Mr. Hauerton and 2,800 cadets were assigned without rank to the 84th infanfully division which was training for overseas service at Camp Claiborne, louisiana, in the 84th division, mr. Hauerton served with company k, 335th infantry as a rifleman a messenger and communications sergeant, commencing in the siegfried line in germany in 1944, he served in the belgium arde nembings, battle of the bulge and across germany to the west bank of the l. B. River to meet Russian Forces and after the hostilities ended, sergeant hauerton was with the army of occupation in germany, a student at the shrivinham university in england and came home with the division in january of 1946. And after the war, mr. Hauerton attended the university of dender on the g. I. Bill, earning a b. A. In International Relations and an m. A. In education and he had a long career as a federal Civil Servant with the u. S. Civil service commission. He is also an author of three world war ii era books and today he is joined by his wife of 58 years, joan hauerton, ladies and gentlemen, mr. Allen hauerton. Anything that can go wrong will. Hows that . Friend of the world war ii memorial, fellow veterans, on a nd gentlemen sunday afternoon in february 1946, one of the great trains of the era, the spirit of st. Louis, carrying a soldier home from the war roared through new brunswick, new jersey, at 80 miles an hour. Nearby, almost within earshot, a 12yearold girl was finishing her home work. She would sleep peacefully, never knowing the troubled mind of the soldier on the train in mortal fear of becoming a civilian. She is here today, my wife of 8 years, joan miller hauerton. Tand up, joan. Joan is also a veteran nurse which comes in handy these days, and shes excellent at prescribing tylenol and telling me to check with her again in the morning. Thank you, joan. She does a lot of other great hings. Im indeed honored to be standing here. Well, sort of standing here. Amid the splendor of this place and either powerful symbols of the farflung dimensions of the war and its sacrifices. Because one of the great things about this memorial in our time is that veterans who rarely poke of the war, and we have a otorious we are notorious about that. We didnt speak much of the war except in the most generalities. But thanks to this memorial, it , s been a magnet for veterans world war ii veterans all across the country, to come here in our last years and unlock the vault of our memories and tell our stories to one another. Time permits only a little of my own story. I never expected to be the custodian of an m1 rifle. S mike said, i was in the army ferblized Training Program and came to the 84th Infantry Division when that program was discontinued. It was on april 1, 1944. It was april fools day. It was very apropos because the army found out they had a manpower shortage just about terminated the a. S. P. Program and instead of a degree and a commission with an assignment as military government and reinstruction specialist, we were buck privates heading to the front, not even one stripe. Ound a 160,000 other a. S. P. Ers across that time shared our fate. We were not happy campers for a few days. Its tough what the drill sergeants said about turning us into real soldiers and took them only a few weeks to do that, just a few weeks. You were at camp breckenridge down there, too. Perhaps we had anticipated it as students in uniform, we had a marching song. Take down your service flag, mother. Your sons in the astp. Now it could be put up again. 1944, the 24, troop ship hms Sterling Castle departed pier 58 in new york city carrying 5,000 soldiers of the 335th infantry. While the convoy was farming, the castle collided with an oil tanker, the u. S. Northfield. The tanker limped back into port. The Sterling Castle, its bow crushed and its fresh water supply destroyed. It had been a foggy night guarded by destroyers offshore. The next morning she returned to pier 58. At that time, some troops were returning from the war. Along the way, commuters on ferries mistaking us for returning veterans waved and shouted and looked at the front of the bow of the ship and thought we had just been in a battle. At the peer a band played, a banner read welcome home. And the red cross served doughnuts and coffee. Welcome home, they said. We had been away 24 hours. Who et for about 500 men walked across the gangplank that day, it was the only elcome they would ever receive. Their greeting was welcomed home. Todays thank you for your service, as honorable as it is for new veterans, would have seemed strange to us because everyone had served, everybody, women in the auxiliaries, as pilots ferrying aircraft and in so many other capacities as well as in factories, building tanks, ships, airplanes and everything else. Africanamerican draftees and volunteers served heroically in segregated units as the japanese americans from internment camps, we could go on and on. If we were indeed a great generation, that unity of universal involvement was its hallmark. It was not a unityy of like mindedness. There were labor disputes, racial problems, grumbling about rationing and a bit of oldfashioned cheating. Nevertheless it was a unity of National Purpose that held and supported us to the end. Its restoration is the great challenge facing our society and our politics today. The Sterling Castle was repaired in 10 days. In just 10 days. , we joined the next convoy the siegfried line, the belgium ardens and the long trek across Central Europe followed to finish on the elbow river, 45 kilometers from berlin and link up with a high spirited russian cavalry. And needless to say, there was a grand celebration and a ittle vodka was brought along. The costs were shocking. 42 men ny k, 335th, killed in action. Severely. , many 116 nonbattle casualties and 90 missing in action. Most but not all prisoners of war. Turnover rate of almost 200 . 500 pages and 80,000 words were required to tell the story in captain, the agonies and ecstasies of war and memory. I felt obligated to write it as miraculously i was one of less than 20 men who were on the line all the way without physical harm. Our psyche was another matter. Dmit night, may 8, 194r5, we fired volley after volley of tracer bullets into the night sky over the elbow. Frightened germans came out of their houses. As the war between the americans and the russians commenced. No. Just little boys playing with their guns. But by then we had matured many years beyond our age. And something unexpected happened. Over the years in our dreams, he company of k, the k company of Camp Claiborne remained as t was, ms. Sergeant newman was serving platters of scrambled eggs, thick pancakes and coffee and the drill sergeant among his lovable obscenities was rning palefaced boys into infantrymen and importantly, serroni, antly, joe , henry igg, jeff parker boger, my best friend, and all the others were alive. Our little band of brothers, although in reality gone a ver, would always occupy vital part of our hearts, our souls, and our memories. Thank you. And to paraphrase a great reporter of our era, edward r. Murrah, good day and good luck. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] captioning performed by the national captioning institute] to join the resistance, she had a husband, summer jackson, and a 15yearold son, phillip jackson. By deciding to use it as a place where the resistance could meet and bell intelligence was dropped, she was risking not only her life but her husband and sons life. A little after 5 00, in the 920s, nicolea sacco and venzetti were tried, executed for robbery and murder in massachusetts despite the lack of supporting evidence. Law expert brad snyder discusses the controversy of the case inside the Supreme Court chamber with sbrougses by ginsburg. At 9 account 10 p. M. On august 3, sacco and venzetti were transferred to the death house. The governor after reading the report delired sacco and venzetti had a fair trial and the boston press declared the case closed. And at 8 00 on the presidency, historian john nash talks about herbert hoovers man therien efforts in world war i and world war ii. In the course of these exertions, hoover, working voluntarily and without pay, became an international hero. The embodiment of a new force in global politics. American benevolence in the form of humanitarian aid programs. For a complete American History tv schedule, go to cspan. Org. Yesterday, december 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. To mark the 75th anniversary of the attack on pearl harbor, we visited the National Archives in college park, maryland, to see a selection of five u. S. Navy deck logs from that day. The logs are routine written records of activities and observations on naval ships but they were anything but routine n the day of infamy. According to this deck log at 7 50, japanese planes commenced a bombing attack on yard by dive bombers and at 7 52, the u. S. S. Maryland sounded general quarters and shortly thereafter, the maryland records that the oklahoma, which is the ship right next to it, was hit by an unknown number of torpedoes. The notable thing about the deck log for the u. S. S. Maryland is at the time, it appears that a lot of the radio transmissions went through the u. S. S. Maryland. Meaning a lot of these radio transmissions were actually recorded in the deck log itself. And what that ultimately means is a lot of the confusion that was occurring at the time of the attack, not only we have no idea where the japanese were at the time or what they were planning on doing next kind of lends itself from the deck log itself. So, for instance, at 12 01, its recorded that parachute troops were reported landing at Barbers Point and enemy tankers were reported four miles off of the coast of oahu. Now, as most people know, that was not the case but at the time they werent sure if this air attack was a prelude to something bigger, if they were going to launch an invasion of oahu itself and completely knock out the naval base. But as we know, that was not the case. Another entry of note is at 11 43, as a part of the further continuation of the confusion, the maryland writes, report received, enemy troops wearing blue coveralls with red emblems. So not only did we think they were attacking we knew what they were dressed like. Its valuable at the very least just for the firsthand accounts that we received, from the u. S. S. Nevada and especially from the zusmed maryland, can you just see the chaos that was occurring. We kind of get an idea what some people were thinking at the time, what the ships were doing at the time, how we were responding to the attack and other things of that nature. So for historians, its a very useful tool to get an idea in this instance saying what was happening at the attack on pearl harbor, other folks who might be interested in it, too, are genealogists just to see who was located on the ship at the time, who may have passed away and things like that. The United States of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. History,tures in professor Patrick Allitt teaches about the California Gold rush in the mid 1800s. He describes how people got there, the physical geography, and the evolving Technology Used to mine gold. His class is about 50 minutes. Prof. Allitt good morning everybody. I am going to talk mainly about california and the years following 1948. Gold has played a very Important Role in American History. You think back to the conquistadors, they were fascinated by the quest for gold