Confidential Congress Approved the nations First Military memorial which celebrates brigadier montgomery. Across776, communities the United States have built solemn poignant tributes to our solars and sailors, marines and airmen, nurses and all the people helping back home. Lets rumored that without a supportive and helpful homefront no military campaign succeeds. As we gather for this announcement it is important to note that we are all in debt to each and every one of them. Wartoo long, one specific has been left out of our national consciousness. Today we take a great step thatrd in righting wrong. Today we announce about what team will be chosen to move forward and work with all our stakeholders to join the National World war i memorial and hersheypark. Some of our friends in congress who have been tireless in shepherding our cause. I also want to recognize some key partners. The world war i museum in kansas ofy and a founding sponsor the museum and library in chicago. They have been indispensable and we look forward to the next years with those two inspiring institutions. I just want to mention the Military Museum and library has been very important by providing matching funds for us. And retired general Barry Mccaffrey has been such a strong supporter of us, but he cannot support us due to a death in the family. Now, why this . Why us . Why a memorial. Some of our speakers will answer those questions better than i, but allow me to hit the high notes. On the domestic front, much of how this country is organized socially, politically, and economically is due to world war i. Most of the 20th centurys seismic social changes, from the to incredible innovations in medicine, technology, manufacturing, and more all of that is also due to world war i. It is not until world war i that the United States started to see it self is a positive agent of change in the world. Any new show and within minutes you can find a story that can be traced directly back to world war i. Im talking about todays top hotspots. Boundaries of the middle east, many of which are the source of so much suffering and violence. These are products of the great war. To be more specific, a rock and syria are products of the war. The pico line is still debated. Most people here do not know what that is, but let me tell you they remember. They remember in the middle east what that line is. The news we see on in the middle east remember what that line is. The news we see on the ukraine stems from world war i. Americans know. Celebrateuld know and 198,000 texans who served in world war i. The 400,000 new yorkers. The 320,000 pennsylvanians. The 200,000 ohioans. Service andry little tribute paid here in the Nations Capital. Many of our commissioners are veterans. One of them phrases it like this, how can we turn to a young person thinking of joining the military and be honest in telling him or her that their service will always be remembered . When we have a whole generation who suffered worse casualties than vietnam and the korean war combined, yet, they have no representation among the great icons of our Nations Capital. If we come together and coordinate a sustained National Tribute to those who served in world war i by building this memorial and restoring world war country,ls across the then we can turn to that country and be honest in telling them that their service matters. That it will always be remembered. ,n the eve of this centennial we must embrace this moment to recognize the world war i generation. All of us can restore their legacy and install them in places of honor that are rightfully theirs. Those who served in the 20th centurys other great conflicts. This is why we are here today and so thrilled that so many of you could join us. To speak further, please join me in welcoming sandra purging who serves as one of our senior advisers. Ladies and derailment, Sandy Pershing ladies and gentlemen, Sandy Pershings. Honored to bery here with all of you today. It is very important for me and my family, as well as our country, as we start to Work Together to honor the almost 5 billion americans who served during world war i. Pershing,sband, jack was alive, he felt strongly that there should have been a memorial for all who served in every capacity. Park, butl had a nice he was all by himself. Nobody ever memorialized the people who fought so hard and many who were dead and maimed. Start to are going to restore the honor that has been so long in coming. My husbands grandfather was a very special man. His career spanned from cuba to the philippines to the border skirmishes with poncho villa and he was cited for bravery and gallantry. There were many generals who couldve been tapped for the assignments that he had. But president s like teddy ,oosevelt and Woodrow Wilson two president s coming from different parties felt that pershing was the man. Europe brokeip in open a deadly stalemate. Having come up through the ranks as he did, he was a soldiers general. He believed the general scott too much of the attention and during and after wars it was always at the expense of the or theymen or the navy marines. Designilled that the chosen will depict people from all walks of life. Fromree required something everyone and our modern America Needs to learn how broad and diverse our nations involvement in the war was. General pershing valued deeply the service of all africanamericans, women and countless immigrants who wore the countrys uniform. The volunteer ambulance drivers, the support staff, the nurses im sorry my voice is gone. The same sense of service and National Pride needs to be brought to bear. I thank you all for listening to me and im going to introduce congressman Emanuel Cleaver. [applause] good afternoon. Became mayor of kansas city. Survey of things around our community that i thought needed to be addressed. One of them was the Liberty Memorial which i had read about and had conversations about. Not because it was known at the time in the 1990s as some majestic memorial but because of what had happened around it. It had become a crime infested area and had a number of murders committed on the grounds. Act on the morning of mayor, was elected to appoint a man by the name of bobby gates. I appointed to him and said the him, i what the flames restored on the Liberty Memorial. Flame sounds better and we use that for tourists. The first accomplishment as mayor. But it did little to restore the Liberty Memorial which was in decay. Then there was this onslaught of and ollieicism of me gates is africanamerican by africanamerican leaders in the community. They were very angry over the fact that africanamerican men had been excluded from battles in world war i because it was the belief that they were cowards and did not possess the skills to fight. The things that you heard or read about. So with all of that pressure on us, we decided to push on for a number of reasons. Is important for us to have monuments and memorials said that people will never forget, not only the history of that war but the hell of that war. It is something that we need to respect andesents remembrance. That is exactly where i continued to move. Having had the opportunity to travel abroad, particularly in the middle east area, i have become somewhat of architecturally sensitive. And realized that architecture spoke to the people of that era. It said something about them and it preserved something about them for generations to come. So there is a degree of Architectural Heritage involved with monuments and memorials. And that is where i wanted to go. Human beings do not always river days, but we do remember events. Occasions. Ber this was an opportunity to make sure that we preserved in memory of an occasion the first world war. In the we convert those occasions in two memories. When i decided that we were going to push ahead in the face criticism, we were able to get a court are sent sales tax, we were able to restore the Liberty Memorial, and we were also able to build a something that people everywhere need to see because of what has preserved for years and years to come. Centennial ofthe world war i as a labor of love for me since i was elected mayor. When i was elected to congress, i decided that this would give me an opportunity to do something that would take the Liberty Memorial to a new level. So i began to work with the congressman from the border state of kansas. Friends are very good from different Political Parties but we communicate with each other except when ku plays m you. So our relationship was mostly healthy. It remains that way and will remain that way forever. Kevin and ted of poe. Thatleanor Holmes Norton we thought it was good to try to establish the National Memorial to honor world war i and create a commission tasked with commemorating the war throughout the United States. Successfullygress delivered a bill that established the world war i Centennial Commission and many of those commissions are here today. Now, we have turned our sites on the establishment of a National Memorial in our Nations Capital. Let me start by thanking the world war i Centennial Commission for their hard work and for putting together this design competition. It has been a pleasure working alongside them. And i honor the veterans of world war i reaching todays announcement took several years. Severalnegotiations, rewrites of legislation and singlemindedness by all involved for us to get to where we are. As you know, congress doesnt move swiftly and sometimes it does not move at all. But we were able to get movement in congress and we had energetic support from a number of people in congress including both the previous speaker of the house and john boehner who never pause in the support that came from pelosi. Opportunity to get to this point and i think there is a high level of excitement to be here. sring Union Station existence, the thirdlargest Union Station in the world in my home district of kansas city, it became a focal point in world war i where train traffic peaked with 79,000 trains passing through Union Station, including 271 trains in one day, perhaps it was the witnessing of americans traveling to the east war, to be deployed to the the prop to the citizens of , to building a memorial, lest the ages forget. It became a world event as the five military leaders of world war i joint Calvin Coolidge at the dedication in 1921. This is the only time in history that the allied leaders publicly joined together and honored those who have served and died in world war i. Nobody knew at that time that a future president of the United States was in attendance, terrys and. Harry s truman. Me, i you can stay with get to washington, and elected to congress, and i discover that harry truman is the only president who was the memorialized in the capital. So i am thinking that something has gone terribly wrong. We have to get harry truman in the capital. Now we are working on that process. But we are also trying to make who that the president served in world war i, which connected all of this together receive the proper attention. We are working on both of those in this is the realization of bringing all of that together at one time. The hope for peace began to ite after the war had ended, became apparent that this would be the last war. It would be the children of world war i veterans who became the greatest generation because they were called to fight another war world war ii. And thrilled to be here with some excitement and waiting for the unveiling of the design. I would like to present the person who pushed and pushed. Without his push, i am not so sure that we would be here today. That is Edward Fountain of virginia. Thank you congressman cleaver, i appreciate that very much. The commission is very proud to have congressman Emanuel Cleaver as our most ardent champion, along with his home state senators Claire Mccaskill and senator blunt, as well as congressman poe from texas and other others and many others. The commission was created by congress in january 2013, and in one of our first meetings two years ago, we under took the establishment of a National World war i memorial in the Nations Capital. And we brought that legislation we have been marching as rapidly as we can done that road. Today to announce the select and Design Concept for the memorial. I will talk a bit more about that in a moment. The question is why a war memorial, why one now, wasnt the war 100 years ago, arent those veterans gone . This is a fairly unique project. The memorials we had in korea and vietnam were all built with the strong leadership and support of veterans of those wars while those generations were still with us. Before 1982, we did not think in terms of national war memorials. Washington of course abounds with circles, squares, and parks honoring military litter honoringrom military leaders from conflicts throughout our history. The focus is on the leaders, not the soldiers. There is in this country a proud tradition of local memorials from the civil war to world war i. Those memorials are very much hidden in plain sight. People drive by on their daily business and pay little regard to. This was conceived as a memorial to all the nations veterans and we are proud to have that as a cone National Memorial coNational Memorial. Beginning with the vietnam memorial, that was our First National war memorial in washington and we have been working backward. And ind korea in 1995, 2000, world war ii. The primary mission of our commission is education. Thatuched on the role world war i played on the history of this nation and the very act of establishing a National Memorial will raise awareness of the centennial we are currently in and inspire americans to learn more about world war i and how it shapes the world we live in today. Our hope and expectation is that a National Memorial will inspire people. It has always been my thought that some High School Kid would come to washington on a class trip and go to a world war i memorial and say, if there was a world war ii, there must have been a world war i. Maybe that is what that memorial bridge, auditorium, spark or bridge is all about. I will take a closer look at it. That is the educational purpose and the second is commemorative. Simply put the Commission View is that our soldiers, marines and sailors and for the first time a leaders who fought and died in world war i did so with a same courage and tenacity and to sacrifice shown by the veterans of other wars that have a place on the National Mall. Ofy withstood the inferno artillery barrage is, went down to the bottom of the sea in their ships, fell from the sky in burning wreckage of airplanes and charged out in trenches across ocean fields and into woods and up hills the enemy had spent years fortifying. They did so in greater numbers than other wars. 4. 7 million american men and women went to war, 116,000 never returned. Measured against thes population, that would be the goinglent of 15 million to serve today and 360,000 fatalities. In vietnam we lost 47,000 men in combat in about eight years of fighting. And world war i we lost 53000 and six months. In 16week period, in a major battle that ended the war we lost him as his many men in that six weeks as we did in three years in the korean war. The casualty rate for u. S. Troops in one or one was half again as high as world war ii. And one monthen than we have in 14 years of the war on terror. Such service and sacrifice at such a scale must be remembered. With memorials in the Nations Capital not giving similar recognition to veterans of world war i would send a message that their service and sacrifice was valued less, which would be an injustice. With that mention in my, the support received from congress, authorization to establish a National World war i memorial in person park in pennsylvania avenue in front of the Willard Hotel one block from the white house. It does lead to the obvious question, why not the National Mall. It decrees that the National Mall is a substantially completed work of civic art and that there shall that is there shall be no new memorials, monuments or museums on the wall. If there were to ever be an exception to that law i would argue it should be for world war i but the commission decided it would be inappropriate to seek an exemption to a standing law so it turned to what we felt was the next best place, pershing placehich has pride and in the great diagonal connecting the capital to the white house and the most symbolically important avenue in the country. It is two blocks from the mall with substantial foot traffic along pennsylvania avenue and 15th street and is already the site of a memorial to general pershing. With the site chosen we turned to the design process itself. We studied other monuments that had been built in washington in consulted participants in a variety of different design processes. Process to follow a with five key characteristics. First would be a twostage competition. We would make an open call for entries and suggest a small group to advance to the second round. The second is the competition was open not limited to invited group or licensed professionals and was open to all comers, students, amateurs, and professionals alike. So fourth would be anonymous that the selection of the finalist would not be influenced by their identity. Initial stageshe it would be independent. The commission appointed an independent jury of experts and gave them authority to select the five finalists that would go to the second round. I would commend you on our website the names and biographies of those jurors. But if not all 7, 6 of the seven have strong ties to washington which we felt was also a significant characteristic in their appointment. Selected fiveury finalists and those moved forward into a stage two. I also wanted to say a word about our competition managers. The commission retained on staff Don Stephanie and roger lewis committed it for us. John literally wrote the book on Architectural Design competitions and is managed for petitions for sites such as the oklahoman city memorial, the flight 93 memorial, the smithsonian is he him of africanAmerican History and culture and others. Roger is known to many of you as a local architect in a long time commentator on architectural planning for the washington post. The jury selected five finalists on an anonymous basis and it turned out all five were american designers. It is worth noting that one of the design teams was headed by two architects originally from spain. Given that the immigrants made a vital contribution and world war i, we were pleased it was reflected in the competition. During stage two, the finalists had a series of midcourse reviews with members of the commission and our competition managers to further refine their designs and to respond to issues and criticisms raised by this memorial project. Those issues were generated by what we believe has been it was intended to be one of the most open and transparent design competitions ever held for a public place in washington. Its not simply a matter of the Centennial Commission choosing a design and building it but rather it reflects the fact that the design of memorials on federal land in washington subject to review and approval by a number of different agencies, the National Park service the commissioner of fine arts and the district historic reservation office. Any design must also go through public review process is under Environmental Protection act. For these reasons it will be important to exercise and what the commission selected is not the final design but is a Design Concept and the selection of a team of designers to advance that concept that will undergo significant evolution as it undergoes these approval and review processes. To commission has thought consult closely with all the stakeholder agencies as we have gone through this process. We met with them before seeking congressional authorization to identify issues that might arise. We asked them to help frame the design goals for the memorial and to review and comment on a draft of the design manual. We convened a Design Oversight Committee consisting of representatives from those agencies who participated in the midcourse reviews we had with the stage to finalists. We had to review the final commissions and provide comments to the competition jury. While we have dealt so far mainly with staff, we also provided information briefings to the full commissions for those agencies. We also saw out Public Comment. Ought out Public Comment. Final designs were submit we posted those to the Commission Website and display them publicly at the John A Wilson building. Solicited Public Comment and received another 200 comments. Those public processes helped clarify several distinct design challenges facing this particular project. The first challenge is the expected one, how do you come up with an appropriate or more. Heroismou convey the and the magnitude of that sacrifice and how do you design a memorial that stands with a memorials on the malls in those located off the mall. In other ways, this has been a far more complex design challenge than those posed by the memorials built on the wall. On the mall this memorial honors a generation of servicemen and women who are no longer with us. That raised implications for the intended audience of the memorial. What is the appropriate or inappropriate design style . Those are issues the jury spent a long time discussing. A second challenge, and this is one of the most complicated once we have dealt with was the fact that the memorial on the mall had nothing else to do but be a memorial. Where is a memorial at persian park has to be a memorial and a living breathing well functioning urban park. At anng park is interesting junction of the city. You have the white house grounds and the Congress Department and the Treasury Building off to the west and south which link the site to the monumental core of washington in the federal, public space. To the other side you have the hotels and Freedom Plaza which constitute the city part of washington. Persian park in a real way is the transition between those. In that same sort of way, purging park has to remain both a park for the people who remain in and live in washington and has to be a memorial which takes its place within the monumental core door. And the elements have to come from it each other. We had many designs were the park overwhelmed the memorial over the memorial overwhelmed the park and none were appropriate. We recognize this challenge and embraced it from day one and it is one we continue to focus on. Another challenge for this site is that it has to be has to have a sense of seclusion but also be inviting and visible. It surrounded by busy streets and a good design would have to provide to some sort of visual and aural screening from the street traffic and get also not be so invisible that if youre passing by you have no recognition of what is there. An additional challenge within this site, unlike on the mall where they extend alone, it had to respect and contribute to the urban context of pennsylvania avenue and adjacent sites. As i said it is a peculiar junction of the federal and city parts of washington. Iconic architecture and design from all around it. The treasury department, the general sherman memorial, the Congress Department, the wilson building, and Freedom Plaza directly across from 14th street. Different uses with different design styles and a good design for purging fark Pershing Park had to complement and not compete with the surrounding sites. At the same time, he needed to take account of the fact that for the last 50 years, there has been an ongoing transformation of pennsylvania avenue beginning in the Kennedy Administration given its biggest impetus by the California Development corporation which lay down various design parameters for pennsylvania avenue, one of which was that along the avenue it would be a series of public Spaces Designed in a contemporary design motif, primarily consisting of plain or open spaces that merged those sites into the city. Of particular challenge was dealing with the existing Cultural Resources at the site and how to first of all how to integrate the existing memorial elements and determining how to defer appropriately to the existing design of the park. That has been an ongoing issue and one that we will continue to work on. The designer submitted their final submissions december 9, they were submitted to the jury in a Public Meeting january 6. The jury convened january 7 and reached a unanimous decision on the design they would recommend the commission. The report and recommendation was delivered last week and this morning the Commission Adopted the jury recommendation by an 81 vote. Im pleased to announce the Centennial Association has accepted the Design Concept. The submission i joseph by joseph. Joe was 25 years old and a 2013 graduate of the school of architecture at the university of arkansas. The nature of the licensing process is such that he is not yet a licensed architect but his selection validates the decision to open this decision to all comers regardless of professional certification. As the project goes forward he ,ill be seeing with architects an Architecture Firm based in baltimore that has long experience. Inkling Arlington National cemetery as well as the new Visitor Center at mount vernon. Howard of new york, with 30 years of experience, is considered one of the countrys leading classical sculptors. He has worked with the late renowned architect Michael Graves and the New York Times said of him, when viewing his work, visitors may have been minded of the time when donatello walked the earth. It is the kind of phrase i would like to get some day. Reconfiguresdesign urging park into three distinct places. Each of which corresponds in different ways to serve memorial and urban park. To the western side, and upper lawn bordered by maple trees, with a freestanding sculpture, will create a simple contained space reminiscent of the sunken plaza and current park design shielded from the surrounding city and at the same time open to it that will create an enclave with the potential for quiet contemplation and active recreation. Below the upper courtyard to the used atd opening Freedom Plaza is a more urban plays a plaza. The centerpiece will be a large bronze sculptural relief sculptural work executed by relief and hear the design will accommodate those who came to see the site who come to the site to see the memorial or gatherings from other events as well as those is simply to have their lunch or enjoy the fresh air. I remind you that the sculptural images shown here are simple he designed suggestions by the sculpture. They appear here as illustrated images rather than the sculptural form civil ultimately take. These are not necessarily the themes are images that the memorial will openly depict. Northern edge the along pennsylvania avenue, along one of the two sloping walls and walkways that connect the lower and upper portions of the site, the design will facilitate additional park enjoyment by hotel guests and Office Workers in relation to the shops across the streets. With this eloquent design, they have met the various design challenges that i framed. They have created a strong Memorial Center composed of two distinct elements that can present their own different commemorative themes. Cultural style that wouldve been recognizable in the era of the war will also stand up over time and will also be recognizable 100 years from now. It placed that design in a contemporary Landscape Design with the public spaces along pennsylvania avenue. It creates a variety of open spaces paved, and green, that will put host a variety of uses. Simultaneously opening under 14th and 15th streets, the site will interact with the surrounding urban context more effectively than the current design. At the same time, it does retain significant features of the park design by operating in two separate spaces at separate levels with a plane or toggle design approach while improving accessibility, visibility and solving the main defect by making it more accessible and more visible by providing more connections to the surrounding streets. I said this was step one, selection of a Design Concept. We anticipate spending the next several months working closely with the designers to refine the design and perhaps to look at variations on it. And ultimately to submit it to the commission of fine arts and the National CapitalPlanning Commission for initial concept review and approval this year. We will also begin fundraising in earnest, through the generosity of the museum and library, sandra purging, and others sandra pershing, and others. We have completed step one and we look forward to the challenges that will be raised in the succeeding steps of this process. I will be happy to entertain your questions. Can you say what kind of deadline you are working on . Also, do you have an estimate of how much it will cost . There is not a hard deadline. Would take world, we it vantage of some of the symbolically important dates ahead of us and dedicate this on Armistice Day and veterans day which would be the hundred Year Anniversary of the end of the war. Have the Design Concept approved by the end of this year or early next year and to break ground by the end of 2017. That is ambitious but we will hold to that schedule until we cant. In terms of budget, that was the last challenge that we had if you look at the finalists were always more complex and are elaborate than others. Realisticied to be about what can be raised and what is appropriate to the site. We think the site does call for a more elegant design which would hopefully translate to a less expensive one. There is not a hard budget figure, i would hate to be accused of going over budget but we are looking at the 30 million 40 million range. Are the europeans involved . Are they going to help out . Is it big news in europe . We certainly kept our counterpart commissions in europe informed as to what the are,ssions overall plans when we think about fundraising, we think in terms of European Companies doing business in the United States. To this day there is tremendous gratitude in belgium in northern the role the United States played in world war i as well as world war ii and we certainly hope to tap into that sentiment. With the washington post. Compatibilityhe of this new design with the existing one and terms of it being two different squares. Did that enter into the choice since this is in some sense a compromise design . I would not call it a compromise. Purposes ofe of the consulting with the public review agencies as we have gone along is to raise the issues that we will have to deal with as we move this process forward and move this Design Concept forward. To some ofn alert the preservation concerns that might be raised. We passed those along to the jury and the commission. Very strongly that it should pick the best design. The there is a lot of complementary objectives because ultimate leave the site does benefit from a more simpler more restrained approach. There are good elements in the existing site, it is interesting that mr. White sure himself said, it is a good park with one major flaw which is that it has a depressed area in the center that may have made sense 25 years ago when washington looked different than it does today, but that it goes against most contemporary Design Principles which are to have a public space like this open out to the surrounding site. A lot of what makes this a good elementsd incorporates made the best selection. I would not call it a compromise. Their complement or he in purposes. , from the Chicago Tribune have read the 116,000 word that is commemorated somehow in terms of the cubic feet and the identical number of square cubic feet but im hardpressed to find out the area that the park matches. Might understanding is they calculated the volume of the , ith within the upper plaza think that is where they arrived at the number. Frank lockwood, what can you tell me about the winner and the qualities he brings and what impressed you about him . For someone who i believe was not in washington before he enter that competition i wonder how much he knew about world war i. He certainly studied it since then, he had the great sense to go out and find a great sculptor. Had he not done so, im not sure that his design would have advanced. E are the commission not that this is a factor in the election, but the commission is pleased that someone from his generation will have this prominent a role. Our core objective is to raise awareness of world war i along the younger generations of this country who will be around long enough to remember it. We are pleased by that connection. Is a we did not pick the design based on the qualities of the designer. But it is interesting that he thathrough to a solution was in its simplicity showing some complex thinking. Tony fowler, interested observer. Is there a plan by the commission to carry on in terms of awareness raising and done,ion once the work is of the park itself . Will there be a website that teachers can use to promote orormation about world war i to use classroom materials and things like that . We have not focused on that yet. Our commission sunsets in 2019, except for the extent that we are still working on the memorial. That kind of perpetuity obviously requires time and people to keep it going. Number ofking on a projects that will tie in a variety of Information Sources related to veterans of the war and i would imagine that this can be a part of that. Matt naylor, one of our commissioners is executive director of the National World war one memorial in kansas city and they carry on that mission and our close partner of ours. Volunteer matt to take on the grass mowing and leaf raking for years to come. The world war i museum in kansas city has the Ongoing Mission of maintaining the memorial. That is worldwar. Org . I think that is it. And the other commissioners are certainly available afterwards for additional questions. Congressman cleaver, i o a huge a huge personal debt to you. Thank you for your support and thank you for coming. [applause] you are watching American History tv. 48 hours of programming on American History every weekend on cspan3. Follow us on twitter. For information on our schedule and to keep up with the latest history news. Night on the communicators, two guests holding differing views on net ,rality, alter mccormick, president and ceo of u. S. Telecom, the company that was the first to sue the fcc over its rules on Internet Service providers which allow access to all content and applications regardless of the source and christopher lewis, Vice President for Government Affairs and Public Knowledge to supports the fccs plan. What we objected to was the way in which the fcc went about the open internet standards. Pursuant to common carrier authority. This is a 19th century form of regulation, originally plied applied to common carriers like railroads. It has been repealed from those traditional common carriers. We dont think common carrier regulation is the right form for my First Century internet. We are worried about consumers and thats what drives us. We want consumers to get the best that they can and we want to make sure that everyone has access to the great opportunities that the internet offers. When you start to see a twotiered internet created because of any competitive way that data caps are applied, that causes concern. Watch the communicators monday night on cspan2. Authoray night on q a, Scott Christiansen provides his thoughts on the documents that had the greatest impact on the world. From the magna carta and the declaration of independence to Martin Luther king jr. s i have a dream speech and wikileaks. There is a lot of criticism a strongn, but also feeling that he is an american hero. It does cause people to question who controls documents, who owns documents, what is the power of documents . What are these things about that the government is collecting . The weekend prior to the caucuses, there will be a frenzy of activity across iowa. There are some a candidates on the republican side, there are three viable candidates on the democratic side. Them,ill have each of around six of them today, and what we will be looking for is those offense that really give you a sense of what it is like to campaign for the caucuses. Keep in mind, what is key, organization. You need to make sure that those people who support you get to the caucuses. It will be interesting to see how the candidates are trying to close the deal, sell their message, and convince those people who might still be on the fence to go for candidate a or candidate b. What youll see is essentially walltowall coverage on cspan as these candidates make their final pitches. Cspan this weekend. Live coverage of the president ial candidates in iowa. Catholic University Professor stephen west talks about how and when former slaves experienced freedom in the civil war. And reconstruction in the south. He describes the role of the Freedmens Bureau and the creation of black codes that attended to curtail the freedom of former slaves. This