American history tv is featuring suzannes original series first lady and it 00 p. M. Eastern time throughout the rest of the syri cspans original series first ladies at p. M. Eastern time throughout the rest of the summer. A good read can be the perfect companion for your summer journeys. What better book than one that appears inside of the personal life of every first lady in American History peers inside the life of every first lady in American History . Inspiring stories of fascinating women that survived the scrutiny of the white house. Available from Public Affairs as a hardcover or ebook, through your favorite bookstore, or on an online bookseller. Each week, American History tvs real america brings you archival films for Historical Context on Public Policy issues of the 21st century. Historic events around the world featured is the election and coronation of overhaul the six that paul the sixth, the launch of the soviet rocket, fighting in south vietnam, the integration of the university of alabama, and president kennedys trip to berlin. The film was nominated for an Academy Award and was narrated i actor charlton heston. By actor charlton heston. Five cities were silent in may. On the first morning of the following month, they awoke with brushes in their hands and a calendar as their canvas. When god made the days, man made the calendar and the five cities made june of 1963. As to 4,800,000 people died in the month of june and 9600 9,600,000 were born. No one knows what names of future history are among those born. Of those that died, pope john xxiii. Outside st. Peters basilica the masses waited with meditation, tears, and prayers. On june the second, the vigil outside of the vatican was over. Within the basilica of the Cardinals College gathered in mass. Their mission, that to elect a man to follow the beloved pope. In the square, the crowds had received the signal they were waiting for. And from all over rome they gathered to witness a single puff of white smoke. It told the world the election was over. The name was [indiscernible] and the coronation would be on the 30th of june. He chose to be called pope paul vi and his life will be spent in the highest service to the 500 Million People who serve his faith. To the second city in june, foreigners, the press, photographers were not invited. Film was made available through government sources. The citys name is unknown. It is in the soviet union. Here in the continuing race for the moon with the United States of america, the soviet union launched two in utmost secrecy. Two new cosmonauts. The launchings of june put the soviet union ahead in a race that was not forecast to be over until the end of the decade. The history of man in space is short but the conquests are many. The free press of the world was invited to photograph the launches of the United States. In 1961 the soviet union your regard are in washed your regard are in launched Yuri Gargarin and provided this video of lift off. The United States launched over shepherd. Next in spates in space, gus grissom, photographed by hundreds of international photographers. Then the soviet Union Announced the launch of [indiscernible] and released this. In 1962, john glenn went into orbit and launched from an annapolis booster at cape canaveral. This was followed by United States astronaut Scott Carpenter three months later in the mercury capsule. In august of 1962, [indiscernible] orbited simultaneously launched by two separate boosters from the soviet union, one launched within 24 hours after the other. These are from the films provided. 1963, Gordon Cooper went to unit went into orbit in the United States. At june,belonged at june space belonged to the soviet union. [indiscernible] the soviet union furnished this film. The second city, june, location unknown, filled history with two proud names. The third city of june was off the saigon river in south vietnam. The village population lived off products that surrounded the river and made use of every available resource to uphold the strong, healthy, happy lives they had known. Their village had existed for centuries and it continued to exist until one night in june. On the night of the 18th, communists came to spread their political fervor. They killed the men and loan to the village. Bonded the village burned the village. South vietnamese soldiers were called in to help save what be saved, but it was too late. All that is left to do now is take care of the wounded though frightened, and the homeless. The frightened, and the homeless. The conquerors had come twice. Once they came by day, as friendly strangers with the promises of a new life, communal living, more land. Then they came by night with their promises replaced by flames, smiles replaced by pillaging, villager happiness replaced by death. On the 21st, the army went act back to route the communist out. Communists out. So, the soldiers came by rail, by air, by land and water to win back the remnants. Communists from the north were trying to sweep the country. This was just a single step. In the month of june they had attacked 294 times. Their forces numbered 22,000. They attacked that is a marching army but this gently separately in isolated villages in guerrilla fighting with not as a marching army but discreetly and separately in isolated villages with guerrilla fighting. There were casualties in this unknown war of june. Too many of them. But the communists were out for it, oput fought, out equipped, and out soldiered. They surrendered. The ones that got away went on to other villages. South vietnam remained a battlefield. Eyes of the world shifted to the small city of tuscaloosa alabama, within the deep south of the United States of america. It was a familiar story. It started before the war between the states 100 years ago, which was fought and won for negro equality. Negroes were taken out of slavery and freedom was guaranteed, but barriers were put in front of them, especially from the states that have lost that civil war, the states of the southeast. The constitution of the United States came under debate as to whether it prohibited or acknowledged such barriers. In 1954 it was made clear by the Supreme Court that the constitution guarantees equality for all. And so, the great tests were met. Tests that brought mob disorder and violence to the south, and that required federal troops to ensure the admittance of negro students into those other than those reserved for negroes only. Although the vast majority of the United States was in sympathy with the negro, but some citizens were not. The u. S. Government supported the negro, some of the separate state governments did not. And now, the test of tuscaloosa, alabama, the last state of the deep south to resist integration of schools. Once again, the governor of the Southern States said no negro shall be admitted to an otherwise white enrollment. And with the entire world as witness, judge and jury, tuscaloosa and history met on june 11 when two american negroes expressed desire to enroll at the university of alabama. It was in effect a single, defiant man holding up the weak morals of the past. Against the constitution and the government and the will of the people of the United States, both negro and white. With the protection of federal marshals, Vivian Malone and james hood entered the university of alabama in tuscaloosa. There was no violence. The governor conceded. The law of the land was enforced by the government to protect to wo citizens. It was enforced so that vivian james, and anyone else would have the freedom to choose the school that they could attend. This was not the end of race problems in the south. But the government and the people had made it clear that the negro is an equal citizen and is entitled to freedom of choice. Wherever freemen live, their most sacred request, sacred right, is a freedom of choice. To bypass all prejudice to live , as they want to live, worship where they want to worship, go where they want to go. On the other side of this wall are millions of people who are not going anywhere. The communist government that they live under will not let them out. For centuries walls have been built to keep out invading armies, but this was the first wall in all of recorded history to keep an entire country from fleeing. Fleeing into west berlin as 3. 5 million did before the wall was erected. If the guards with their guns were unsuccessful in keeping people from fleeing there was the barbed wire. If there across the, there was the wall. If they crossed that, there was the wall. If they reach the top, there was the broken glass. Over 100 have been killed trying to cross. In june, 90 succeeded and three were killed. All of the escape routes were reinforced. The eastern guards had orders to shoot at each other if caught trying to escape. In areas where windows overlooked west berlin and people haved jumped to freedom, the windows had been sealed with bricks. The wall separated more than the city. It separated the world. On one side lived people who were free to be christians or muslims, buddhists, hindus, jews, or confusion nests. Confucionists. On the other side lived of people whose expression of religion of any kind was taken away. One short distance from the wall, overlooking the east, the people of west berlin welcome to welcome to a welcomed a visitor, the president of the United States of america. [cheering] [chanting] president kennedy thank you. There are many people in the world really dont understand or say they dont what is the great issue between the free world and the communist world. Let them come to berlin. [cheering] president kennedy there are some who say there are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to berlin. [cheering] president kennedy and there are even a few who say that it is true, that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. [speaking german] let them come to berlin. [cheering] president kennedy freedom has many difficulties. And democracy is not perfect. But we have never had to put up a wall to keep our people in. To prevent them from leaving us. [cheering] president kennedy while the wall is the most obvious and vivid demonstration of the failures of the communist system, for all the world to see we take no satisfaction in it. For as your mayor has said, it is an offense not only against history, but an offense against humanity. Separating families. Dividing husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. And dividing a people who wished to be joined together. [cheering] president kennedy freedom is indivisible. And when one man is enslaved all are not free. [applause] president kennedy all freemen, wherever they may live, are citizens of berlin. And therefore as a free man i take pride in the words ich bin ein berliner. [cheering] june was over, but five cities wrote history in the book of the world. Prophets could guess wiseman could one, but no one could guess the cities destined to write their names on future calendars. You are watching American History tv