Has been occasions by bidding farewell forever to those with him most of us whom most of us have associated all our lives. Many people came over the oregon 1843, theeen beginning of the big migration that came west, most people walking the trail. Just imagine walking for 815 miles. It was six months of really tough, tough work. But diaries like this that are full of rich in detail and reflective of what is happening are just gems. And Abigail Scott duniway is an example of one of the great diaries. She describes what is happening between the people. She describes troubles that have been. Anddescribes the landscape the scenery and it is clear, you get a pretty good idea that she is a good writer. And that skill served her well later on in her career as a leader in the suffrage movement. Abigail Scott Duniway was i think the third of 12 children born to her parents. They lived in illinois. The father was a farmer and her mother a farm wife. It was a very arduous life to lead, especially in the 19th century. So they had all these children. Appears as if the family was not really welloff. The girls for the girly, particularly, they had former they had little formal schooling for but they read the newspaper, they read fiction. Abigail was very well read and is served her well and the mother was quite hesitant to come across the trail. She did not want to go west. She was, by that time, by the early 1850s she was really worn out by being a farm wife and raising all those children. And so, although the father was gung ho about it, the mother was not. But they convinced her to come. So they started out in 1852. And then they arrived in oregon toward the end of september. About six months trek to bring them to oregon. This is abigails original diary, it is fragile. We rarely get it out. We have scanned it, so it is available in oregon digital online. Ne, sheey got to ju makes in entry which is actually very beautiful, about where they are and what they have seen. It is june 3, traveling 19 miles. We found the roads sandy. At one place, the bluff came near the river and i offended on horseback to the top of the highest one that we could see and there we saw a romantic spectacle. Flowing in peaceful music, intersected with islands and covered with timber where no other timber could be seen. The immigrants and the wagons on the roads in either direction as far as the eye could reach. Below contrasted strangely with a view on the other side of where i was. Nothing could be seen but higher ranges of plus, for the sandhills bluffs, or the sandhills. Lifeling was a momentous experience for those that came across the oregon. Was a reallygail good writer, she turned that talent into writing a fictional account of the familys journey across the trail. It was published in 1859. It was one of the very first Fiction Books published in oregon. It is called captain graces company, by mrs. Abigail j. Du niway. She had by this time married her husband. This volume is actually quite e lucky to have a copy of it. It has been reproduced, but it is nice to have one of the original publications. Accounts,d by all benjamin duniway, was a very good husband and father to the children. He did not have the, maybe the level of business skill that somebody should have in managing a farm. And because of his kindness he cosigned a loan for a friend and the frantic defaulted on the loan the friend defaulted on the loan and as a result the family lost of their farm. That was in the mid60s. After that, benjamin was involved in a farming accident, so he became disabled. Therefore it felt to abigail to be the breadwinner for the family. She did teaching again, but eventually she decided to move down to albany, oregon, a small town further to the south in the valley. And she set up a hat shop. And apparently she was quite successful in that business. She even traveled to San Francisco to get supplies for the business. Happenedmportant thing when she interacted with the women that came into her hat shop. She became aware of the difficulties that women lead in their lives and she realized they had no life, they had no standing in the community. They could not own property. They were dependent upon their ssbands, and their husband goodwill. And she saw a lot of women suffering because of that. At one point she realized, if women could vote then they could enact change themselves and change the laws to benefit women, all women. And all people. And so she turned her attention to the suffrage movement. She moved her family back to portland. This was in the early 1870s. And her first effort was to start her own newspaper. That was called the new northwest. This was the vehicle she used to communicate about the suffrage efforts. I believe her family was, many members of her family were involved in producing this newspaper. One of her sons was a printer. So it was kind of like a family enterprise. Through thaticated newspaper, it was an important part of her developing skills and becoming a suffrage leader in the northwest. Withhe also communicated National Suffrage leaders and in 1871, she coordinated a visit by Susan B Anthony out to the west. She traveled with her on a speaking tour in california. In very short order, i think it is remarkable, she all of a sudden had a significant standing and presence in the suffrage movement. Harvey scott was her brother. He traveled with the family on the oregon trail. Been abusive had to his siblings and there are accounts of him beating up the sisters when they were growing up. He kind of continued that tradition when he, when the family came to oregon. Eventually he became an editor at the portland oregonian, the largest newspaper in oregon, and one of the largest in the pacific northwest. And he was an antiseparatist. He wrote editorials against suffrage. In a way he was beating up on abigail. He continued even as they were adults. Campaign, i900 believe suffrage for women would have passed had it not been for bobby scott harvey scotts editorials, because if you tabulate the number of votes cast primarily in the county, it was really what sunk the passage of suffrage that year. Abigail isetter, writing to her son clyde, and so this is the 1900 campaign and they were waiting for the returns come in and she says, after five days of anxious waiting for returns, during which the oregonian and your mad uncle have subjected the decent women of oregon to every form of insult, word came to me with the news that the returns showed 45 of the vote to be in the affirmative. With the four counties we depend upon to be heard from. Sick until iwas saw the returns. Now i shall set the coward up. And it she is returning and she is referring to her brother. One of the things about passing suffrage and abigails involvement was the change that came about in the way that measures could be presented to sentencings, to the citizenry for voting. Initially when abigail started on her campaign work, she used what she called the still hunt, to quietly get in good with them men who had been elected to the oregon legislature. Favor. Gain their she did it quietly because she did not want to deserve disturbed the opposition. Di sturb the opposition. And it resulted in the measure to be written on the ballot. But each time it was defeated. In oregon, suffrage was presented six times, more than any other state. Eventually, during the progressive movement, and in particular a person named william wanted to change that process. He advocated for the initiative and referendum system, which all the states now use, it is called the organ system. Oregon system. That way people could gain support for measures by getting enough signatures. And then it would be presented to the voters. So, by the time suffrage was abigailsoregon, technique of the still hunt was not effective because it was not necessary. And eventually there were many other women who had come forward to carry on the campaigns. One woman, a physician in sther lovejoy spearheaded the effort. It was through their effort and the use of modern campaign techniques, like mass mailings, um,front campaigns marching in parades, the more radical techniques like that that really pushed it over and managed to pass suffrage in 1912 in oregon. When suffrage was passed, Abigail Scott duniway, she was often bedridden during the campaign when it was finally passed, so she was not really much effective. The people, she had been working for suffrage for 42 years by that time. She had devoted her life to the cause. Whichople celebrated her, was really great. And a lot of people sent congratulatory telegrams to her. Here are examples. To mrs. Abigail scott dunaway, congratulations on the tryons of justice triumphs of justice. Were is one from medford, want to offer you the congratulations and assure you it is making every effort to win the franchise at the coming election, that your many days of effort for the cause of women may be crowned with success. This was sent before the vote. This was october, the vote was in november. We congratulate women of oregon upon their new citizenship. From the cleveland women suffrage party. Lovesed the day and send and congratulations to our trail breaker who has made its donning dawninge. Possible. It is just so wonderful that she lived long enough to see it past. Passed. She voted. She was able to vote, which was pretty special. Have in the collection a scrapbook that Abigail Scott duniway kept during her ways in days as a severed leader. It has suffrage leader. It has photos, but mainly it includes lectures. Do also includes things like some correspondence and newspaper clippings that she kept. As ais also really great resource for any researcher that wants to study this topic about the history of suffrage in oregon, or about her life. So it is also very fragile. Fragile, just as fragile as the fromnal oregon trail diary 1852. And i think both documents really demonstrate a lot about her personality. To know, her determination be a pioneer and come over the oregon trail. Her strong opinions about various topics, all of that would be represented in both documents. When she was 17, and later when she was an older woman and into her 70s. Hershe was, when she was in 79th year, when suffrage was passed. 80, in died when she was 1915. Are cities tour staff refilling recently traveled to eugene, oregon to learn about its history. Learn more about eugene and other stops on the tour at cspan. Org citiestour. You are watching American History tv, all we can, every weekend on cspan3. Unfoldsn, where history daily paid in 1979, cspan was created as a Public Service by americas Cable Television companies. It is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. Marks the 50th anniversary of the 1967arabisraeli war, known as the sixday war. Next on history bookshelf, author michael oren talks about his book, six days of war june 1967 and the making of the modern middle east. He chronicles the events of the battle, which resulted in changes in leadership and a new balance of power. Washingtoncorded in in 2003. It is about one hour, 10 minutes. Carla hello. I am one of the owners of politics and pros, and i want to welcome you here tonight, the day after harry potter. [laughter] what a day. I want to do a few housekeeping issues for the beginning. One, if you want to ask a question you must make your way to the audience microphone. We will not recognize you standing at your seat, or