Make quickly is on the difference between the political and the legal and constitutional questions that were facing. I mean, the political agreement is a political agreement. Its not a constitution, as youve highlighted, there was a fiveyear term for the president. But in afghanistan, the reality is that people are often getting bogged down in whats legal and whats constitutional versus whats politically practical. And i think the latter is much more important to keep in mind in terms of finding solutions. Im going to take that as a comment rather than a question, but thank you for sharing. You want a Quick Response . Quickly. I knew i would face flack for that comment, and i appreciate all the arguments that omar has made and that youve made. But i still think its irresponsible not to raise this point. Its not an issue of its only related to afghanistan, but the idea of trying to recreate a political order based on the rule of law which you know will be violated right off the bat because the conditions are unrealistic to me is counterproductive. Okay. All right. This gentleman right here. Please, short remarks. I i know youd like to give a speech, so please, keep it mr. Weinbaum, i know about the situation of a short question there are other people in the audience who i want to give an opportunity to. The biggest mistake that has been made in afghanistan was the west please identify yourself. I am ali sharaz, president of the National Coalition for the tribes of afghanistan. Ive been involved with the afghan tribe for the last 14 years, with every single tribe in afghanistan. And the unfortunate thing is that the west, when they came to afghanistan, they tried to build afghanistan the image of the west. Afghanistan cannot be built in anybodys image except in the image of an afghan. Afghanistan is a nation of tribes. The tribes of afghanistan has protectnd preserved afghanistans integrity and independence for centuries. Unfortunately, when the soviet Union Invaded afghanistan, they broke the structure. And when the west came in, they totally disregarded afghanistans tribal structure, which is the foundation, and they started building a roof on imaginary walls. You cannot build a house on imaginary walls. The foundation of afghanistan are the tribes and the young generation. And both of these have been totally disregarded. So long as you continue to disregard it, youre not going to have any peace. And one last thing, sir. Please. The peace with the taliban, which taliban are we talking about . Chechens . Saudis, daesh . Which taliban are we talking about . Show me a leader who can control all of the taliban and bring him to the peace table, i will kiss his feet. There is no such a thing this is a pipe dream, writing on ice and leaving it in the sun for gods sake. Whether we sit down and face reality and the fact of whats going on in afghanistan pakistan isnt interfering in afghanistan. We signed a bsa with the United States government. The people of afghanistan are saying, where is the west . Why arent we allowed to go to the United Nations and file, lodge a complaint at the United NationsNational Security . Why arent we allowed to do that . Well, thank you for that valuable comment. Lets see over here. Right back here. Yeah. This gentleman with his hand up. Yes. Doug brooks with the Afghan American Chamber of commerce. And weve been focusing on the political here, but you still have the business side of afghanistan, which has to successfully function during all this chaos. And you have the business side willing to do that if some basic aspects of security can be sorted out. And currently with the chaos around the Afghan Public Protection force and the roles of private security, the business is in turmoil itself and theyre waiting for some sort of direction on this. Is there any chance that could be at least sorted out while the politics come later . Would anybody like to address that . I think i a week or so, my report will be published by esip, which is focused on Afghanistan National defense and Security Forces. Capability and future. Security does not happen in a vacuum. And the National Security forces are just one element in providing security in the country. There are political, there are economic, regional, diplomatic dimensions to it. I think the National Security forces in afghanistan the past year or one year and a half proved that they can hold their own. Howev however, do it with high casualty rate. But it means that if that Security Forces are used and the capability gaps are backed by international support, the Security Forces will be able to guarantee, ensure the survival of the state. Thats the key. The more stability comes to the country and security comes to the country, i think then you will have more opportunities, encouragement for people to invest in afghanistan and also people not to that ake their mo out. So, it all depends on the stability of afghanistan and the major elements as the political effectiveness of the government and defense and security capability [ inaudible ] and i would add that an important plank in all of this is to effectively fight corruption as well and to provide an environment where people feel somewhat not only secure from the attacks but also secure from attacks from Civil Servants and those who, you know, contractors, whoever it may be whos involved in bad business practices. I think that this government one of the things that this government could have done better and has done to some extent but not as much as they could have, is to fight corruption more effectively. Im looking for a woman. Right here. Lots of women. Im pamela hela from women for afghan women. I have two questions for the panelists. Just make your point. Yeah, very quick. First about the peace talks with the former commander of hezbollah in afghanistan. He is willing to jn the government of afghanistan but only if his requests are fulfilled. So, his name he wants to he wants his name to be removed from the black list of the United Nations and the United States. So, whats your opinion about that . And my second question is about the model of National United government, because its not based on the constitution of afghanistan, and we know it was based on loya jirga and vote of people. So, is it a successful model for future elections or is it just specifically for this fiveyear terms of any president ial period . Thank you. Quickly, i guess, on the tal talks. I was in kabul last week and was sort of asking people generally what this was about and sort of the elements of the responses i got was, one, it was a question of hegma tiara growing old and feeling he wanted to restore his dignity. Two, it probably wouldnt have that much influence on in terms of levels of violence, because the main perpetrators. Some people wanted to believe that if a deal could be struck between hegmar tiara and the government, it would send a positive effect that you could make a deal. But i think they said it would be announced within a week, so well see what the terms are. But i do think, and omar, you may have views on this also, they may put some stress on the government. And depending on what the conditions are, it sort of does seem to certain people as well as just quite a good reward for having fought a long time against the government. But lets see what the details are in the deal. Ali . Yeah, i think if you look at the history of afghanistan, in the primary settlement comes incrementally, not in one package. Maybe we will be very optimistic to assume that one day all these opposing parties will sit around a table and sign a peace agreement. It will come incrementally, maybe locally. You have to look at this condition. There are some fighters in afghanistan. However, what conditions i think you should obey the constitution of afghanistan, and when he integrates his people into afghanistan, it should be on the basis of the established rules in afghanistan, not to take some kind of a political advantage [ inaudible ] and you know, in afghanistan, all rebellions failed as long as the government had some kind of a support from outside. Twice National Governments failed when there was no outside support. One was in 1920s, and once in 1990s when the United States and International Community disengaged from afghanistan. Otherwise, governments always were able to defeat rebellions. And this is not although they have some support from pakistan and other countries, but it is the principles. The history of the government shows that rebellions can be defeated by the government as long as that government is not left alone by its international partners. Let me add that i cant think of a more unsavory character in all of afghan history than gubadine hikmata. Now, there is one voice who is anxious to speak. As i say, we do need a pakistani. Doctor, briefly. Thank you very much. I will be the most brief as compared to all the people who asked questions before. Thank you very much, marvin, for arranging such a great panel, and it was so insightful, very helpful. Mr. Gentlemjalali mentioned som about unity, which is ideal. I think we need to become more pragmatic than stick to the idealism. And mr. Scott mentioned that pakistan is not willing to bring taliban on the negotiating table. Pakistan does have influence, some degree of influence in contact with some of the talibans, but they have no control over them. And pakistans own plate is full and pakistan fully understands that stability in pakistan and stability in afghanistan are interdependent. So i dont find any incentive for pakistan to see afghanistan destabilized. Mike had been very kugelman had been very optimistic. It was like somebody who was pushed over the Empire State Building and halfway down, somebody looked through the window and asked him, how are you doing . He said, so far, so good. So, this is too optimistic, i think. It doesnt change the reality. I think my question is, are these talibans gaining ground, losing ground or being marginalized . And can there be any kind of government which is broadly based in presence of rule of law without incorporating the taliban in the system or without sharing power with them . Thank you very much. About the taliban. Can i . I think that if you look at the record for the past 15 years, at least, afghan leaders have made every attempt to ask the taliban to come and join everybody else. I mean, i dont recall any time when this has not been done. Yes, at the beginning we missed some chances. I agree there were some opportunities that were missed at the beginning when it would have been probably best. With this particular group that continues to fight and has access to sanctuaries, has access to funding, has access to all types of software and hardware outside of afghanistan, and, obviously, recruitment outside of afghanistan. Now, i think that at this moment the taliban are probably portraying an image of strength. But i think that inherently, they are probably at one of their weakest points ever. Thats my assessment. And i believe that not only are they politically somewhat in disarray, the leadership is not united anymore, but i think that over the past few weeks they have been facing some major assaults and some major losses on the battlefield. The problem of afghanistan is not just what you or the media calls it afghan taliban. The problem goes beyond the afghan taliban. It involves many other elements that are not afghan and who are in one way or another linked to the taliban and have been for 22 yards. Sometimes these linkages seem weak and sometimes very strong, depending on the politics of the day. And so, the problem with afghanistan is that we need to fight all of these different elements, some now under the name of i. S. , islamic state, daesh, others under other names and people coming from all over. Most of them are people who had retreated back into the tribal regions of afghanistan after the taliban were overthrown. Whether they are al qaeda type or whether they are Pakistani Taliban type or whether they are arab, other arab or other middle eastern or whatever connection they had. And they had sanctuaries in pakistans tribal regions going back to the 80s and 90s. Now most of them find themselves back in afghanistan for some odd reas reason. Not odd. Part some of planned reason. So this is the situation as i see it. And i think that as long as the Afghan Forces are able to not only contain the taliban but also put pressure on them to maybe lose some momentum, then we will be closer to a peace deal. The more you put pressure on them, the closer we will get to a peace deal. Okay. Of course, we do have to be concerned with the two sides being weak. Which one fades first . So, thats a now, this is going to have to be our last question. Im to take a woman back here again. I always get criticized for this, so im im glad i wore pink instead of black. So i especially stood and the two of us are sitting next to me, so maybe i should pass the mike to the person next to me. I am liz wilson, i work for an ng nonk dupont circle. Were working on a Higher Education project in afghanistan right now. And with the departure of a lot of young, qualified, educated afghans, im just wondering what are some ways that the government might be having some strategies to try to keep their young people in the country during this time of transition . Theres been so much money. Our organization, fhi360, its called, has been working for nearly a decade in Higher Education in afghanistan. So theres been a lot of investment trying to keep young people there. But just from our staff who i work with on up to ministers, it just seems like theres a big struggle. So just from your perspective on the youth and education, the state of education in afghanistan. What . Ali, or well, you cannot build walls around afghanistan to prevent these people to leave. I think they should have incentives. In the next four years, i think 4 million more afghans will hit the job market, unless you provide incentive work for jobs and also a future, i think it will be very difficult to prevent that sort of stuff from afghan educated people. Fortunately in the past years thousands and thousands of afghans were educated both inside the country and outside. There are still many talents. The approaches to use these capacities have been ineffective. So yes i think the unemployment, decline in economic situation, security, ineffectiveness of the government, corruption and other things are issues that probably provide an incentive for people to leave the country. Otherwise many people would be happy to have a job, able to work in their own country. Unless you provide these opportunities, unfortunately you cannot prevent the exdus from afghanistan. I apologize for not being able to entertain every question and i want to apologize to the panel because i have a feeling they were just getting started. Theres so much they have to share with us and i think weve just skimmed the surface here so i want you to join me if you will in thanking this superb panel and thank you for coming. Republican president ial candidate donald trump continues on the campaign trail. Hes going to be in West Virginia which holds its primary on tuesday. Hell address supporters at a rally in charleston. Well have live coverage at 7 00 eastern. Tonight on American History tv prime time a look at the Church Committee set up after watergate to set up intelligence gathering. That led to the skrascreation o todays intelligence economies. 1975 testimony by cia director william colby. We are here to review the domestic violence. Fbi surveillance of law abiding civilians and groups and several cases of justified investigation. The 1975 committees convened to investigate the activities. Saturday night 10 00 a. M. Eastern they investigated the plan he presented using burglary and electronic surveillance and opening mail. We have jobs over a number of years up until 1966 it had been successful and valuable again particularly in matters involving es pe an acknowledge and that they felt this was something that given the revolution area climate they thought they needed to have the authority to do. Just before 7 00 p. M. Eastern. And one person came and she said you were chosen. She was there for four years already in the concentration camp. She spoke hungarian also. What is happening to us. Where are our parents . And she said you see that smoke . There are your parents. Hola caucus survivor recalls her familys experience in the concentration camp in poland and forced hard labor. This event was part of the United States museum. Then on 8 00. An an arkansasist broke into the office in nearby pittsburgh, shot him twice and repeatedly stabbed him. He is one of the great failures in assassination history. Not only did he fail to kill frick he under mind the strikers because in many ways Public Opinion saw this as a discredit to the union movement. The university of marylands Robert Childs and then sunday morning at 10 00 on the road to the white house rewind the 1968 president ial democratic candidate George Wallace for the complete schedule go to cspan. Org. Re sently our bus made several stops where students, professors and local officials learned about our road to the white house coverage and online interactive resources. Visitors were able to share their thoughts with us about thethe upcoming computation. A special thanks to our Cable Partners for their help in coordinating these community visits. Okay, good afternoon. Hi, my name is sarah. I direct the energy and National Security program here at csis, and were pleased to have all of you here today for our discussion, the future of phmsa. We have been very persistent in trying to get administer dominguez here because we think a lot on her agenda is on our agenda. Which is understanding how the transmission structure on the oil and gas side in the United States, has been changing and may change going forward, and how we manage some of the safety issues associated with that transition. Many of you know administrator dominguez is the administrator of the pipeline Hazardous Material and safety administration, and theyre responsible for the Development Enforcement of regulations for safe, reliable, operation of 2. 6 million miles of gas and liquid Pipeline Transportation and nearly a million transportations a day by land, sea, and air. Its a pretty staggering volume and amount of activity and very important work. Ms. Dominguez joins phmsa last june, before that, served as the principle assistant deputy secretary for the army for civil works where she provided policy direction and performance oversight of the army corps of engineers. Civil Works Program focused on Water Conservation and development, navigation flood control, and outdoor recreation. A lady who is not averse to complex and difficult to manage issues. So we invited administrator dominguez here today to talk about her plans for the future of the agency, and as you guys know as csis we have done a lot of work on this area to highlight the Important Role we think regulators and companies and all of us must play to insure the Safe Delivery of those resources. So we invite the administrator to make a few remarks and then we will open it up for question and discussion. Thank you very much for taking time to be with us today. All right. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you, sarah, very much for your kind introduction, and for the invitation to join you all at cis today. And particularly thanks to the energy and natural National Security program. For inviting me to speak today. It is an honor to be here. Your organization, of course, provides a forum for some of todays most cutting edge conversations in economics, security, health, human rights, a whole potpourri of issues including energy, to really inform citizens and i think leaders alike, and i very much appreciate the forum. Im also very excited to be here today for what you called a timely discussion. I couldnt agree more. Its extremely timely. As sarah said, my name is Marie Therese dominguez and i have served at the u. S. Department of transportation since august of last year, i formally came on board in june and was confirmed in august. As phmsa, our mission is to protect people and the environment by advancing the safe transportation of energy and other Hazardous Materials that are essential to our daily lives. Our operating environment is complex