Might have been making a couple of hundred you know, a dime was a significant amount of would especially when he hand it to children. Hildren were able to then go out and buy things and it was all because of mr. Rockefeller. Good guy rather than this bad businessman everyone has come to know him as. Oil, the company that rockefeller founded here in leveland, quickly became successful. Obviously making rockefeller the it also an he was but impacted cleveland economically. Brought money into the city ut also the ability of rockefeller to be able to pay decent wage, and llow them to live a good life here in cleveland. It was just another one of those cleveland at e in the time that was doing so well that theauto industry, citizens of cleveland had a you know good, quality of life in the city at the time thanks to these major be it the auto industry, bringing that wealth into the city. Our citys tour staff recently traveled to cleveland learn about its rich history. Learn more about the city and our tour at n citytour. Youre watching American History every weekend on cspan 3. National ublican convention from cleveland starts monday. Atch live every minute on cspan. Listen live on the free cspan radio app. Its easy to download, watch on demand at any time at cspan. Org on your phone or ablet where you will find all f our Convention Coverage and the full convention schedule. Ike us on facebook dont miss a minute of the 2016 Republican National convention monday at 1 00 p. M. Eastern. Cspan radio app and cspan. Org. We look back to the 1964 and Republican Conventions, with speeches by lyndon b. L nominees goldwater. D barry heres a preview. Way. Ur tomorrow is on the orcan be a shade of darkness a thing of beauty. Choice is ours or yours. The dream that we dare to dream. [applause] i know what kind of a dream roosevelt and harry f. Ruman and kennedy would dream if they were here tonight. [applause] i think that i know what kind dream you want to dream. Democratic f the party go before the people answers. Not retreat. Unity, not division. Offering hope, not fear. [applause] you can watch more from the 1964 democratic and republican at 10 00 s sunday a. M. , 6 00 p. M. And 10 00 p. M. Astern on our weekly series road to the white house rewind. Cspan 3. Next, early members of the ational association for women celebrate the groups 50th anniversary. A y discuss the need for network of feminist activities 1970s and they remembers leaders of the Movement Including the founder. Larger nt was part of a 50th anniversary Conference Held in washington, d. C. Its about 90 minutes. [captions Copyright National cable Satellite Corp 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] here eel honored to be today and it was june, 1966 that they first got together. We dont have anyone iving who is at that first meeting, at the washington hylthill some of the e is history here. Very active womens bureau in the department of labor. Democrats were in charge. President kennedy had been elected. From had been labor, uaw and other unions were very active in the department of and the womens bureau, persuaded the president to call a meeting of commissions on the status of women there. Many states, i dont know if all states had them but the commissions on the status of were kind of an organizing that was going on in the states, without a feminist movement to kind of pull everybody together. Often served as a place where women met and came together. Katherine, dr. Was the head wisconsin ission in and she was also head of the organization of the commission. Pretty big deal. And she, along with other women, came to the meeting of the commission on the status of eeoc had been created, title 7 had been the women were, around the country, were getting that the d, enforcement of the law wasnt should be. Hought it so this meeting of the ommission allowed these women to come together. Was there, and dr. Pauley murray ones of the people ho actually writes about the founding meeting, and katherine mentor, and was my wisconsin, a book about her writes about that founding meeting. Washington the hilton. They were trying to figure out what to do. Bettys room, and there was talk of founding an organization, Something Like the naacp was needed for women. That point both conroe and my two buddies, they werent over the edge go that night. Try one more time and said they want to mover this eeoc tion to mandate the to actually male and female as and they strategy said, we dont do resolutions gainst other government a government meeting. That was it. At lunch, they got together, bucks and their five formed the National Association for women. Foundinghen they had a conference which mario will pick history. So it happened. Its important, i think, to otice that it was a government meeting, that government money was used to get these women together. Advantage of took that to actually form their own organization and to see what could do with the governments help and what had to do on their own. Lot of women who worked for the government who butnt able to be up front, they were very instrumental. Two things y one or about myself. I was fortunate to know these fabulous women back in wisconsin. I went to a womens college. Yes. Sister joel reed was another n. O. W. , and she was my history teacher. Called me up and said, that my entire life. So i worked in the chicago chapter of n. O. W. Of n. O. W. Oard member electeding in 1982, got of Vice President of action. Worked for free choice and people for the american way. Pleasure of he introducing you to not only a but shes a mentor. Who haswonderful person made such an enormous contribution to the rights of women in this country that im be on the same platform with you. Muirial. [applause] want to you, i just mention, you didnt mention one thing. Really kept n. O. W. Going in ur early days, running all of our mail orders, all our everything we did, and i think this is perhaps when the unions walked out, because the Automobile Union really erved as our secretary and our treasury in the early days, but then, when we decided to report era, they said they couldnt do it anymore because it was their union policy. Jean stepped in, with her husband, jim collins. And they really did all this for us. [applause] it. E did i mean, its very important, and to say this again later, when people talk about modern womens revolution, begins exactly 50 years ago with the founding of n. O. W. Started. Hen it all before then, it was the dark ages. Women usands of years, were the property of men. Subordinate to men. It all changed because of n. O. W. Be very n certainly proud of that. Changed so say it all very much because of one woman her, that wasorget friedan. She was not a good woman but a great woman. I had the honor of being the first speaker at bettys funeral. I said, i truly believe this. Just the as not greatest woman of the 20th century, she was the greatest of the second millennium because writing did feminine the founder being n. O. W. , driving force, strategist. It. Ty is the one who did there were a number of things she did. Ell hear about some of those today. But we all know that betty was a to der, and weve got alive. Keep her memory t came about because, at that luncheon, Betty Friedan wrote on n. O. W. , National Association for women, and she women, not was for of women, because we were going to have men active and weve had who have been through the years. Anyway, during that summer, when veryone went back, having put they all organized their people, in the midwest, rollo decks at her and sent out a couple of hundred on her roller was decks, in 1963, i had arranged to speak to with the american her book mystique came out, i asked her, dont we need an organization, said, you mean a naacp for women . She said were not ready yet but 1966, we were ready. I got her a letter. Letter, she said, well elite cad dre of professionals, a Mass Movement. That just grew, that just happened. Board of nized a directors of n. O. W. , and we were professionals who were and ssful in education government and labor and business, and it was the typical many that founded organizations. One person i also want to addition to Pauley Murray andwas pauley mary eastward who kept after etty to start this organization. And also catherine, who was sort of our deep throat. Worked for the labor bureau. Statistics on g how terrible it was. For women. Feeding those to betty. It was mary eastward, who is still alive. The only living founder, i wish mary were well enough to here and be honored. It was organized at the Washington Post hotel and newspaper, i st guess we rented the space from mary ashington post, arranged for the space, during the summer, betty had asked me, do the publicity. I was in Public Relations, i was the Vice President of what was largest Public Relations agency in the world at that time. I did the publicity and arranged famous picture thats in the book here of the founders. Of in us about 35 that room. Y press release which i wrote said more than 300 women and men the country, 300 but there were about 35 of in us said we , and it organization,tant to have laws enforced on behalf of equality and the the early nothing was very much Betty Friedans. She also wrote a statement of purpose for n. O. W. You can get that on the n. O. W. Prepared to just be be so inspired. Next to the feminine mystique its just the thing betty ever wrote. It listed everything wrong with and it only 5 of octors were women, all spelled out there, and we made a few ittle changes but it was bettys document, its a beautiful document. Society, andg with what n. O. W. Is going to do to change it and n. O. W. Has changed it. No question. [applause] we form task forces on those on every one of the issues that are still important today. The big task force was on employment. One was always our number issue. Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act had been passed, which discrimination on the equal f sex and the Employment Opportunity commission treated that as trivial. They didnt want to pay any discrimination. They were much more interested we ace discrimination, and had to press them to pay attention, actually more than they were mplaints getting were from women who were discriminated against. So we pressed that and we had a big task force on employment. We had one on credit. Childcare. On that was an urgent issue for. O. W. From the very beginning, and its probably still our most urgent unfinished business. In many ways based on the statement of purpose. Young women today dont believe this, help wanted ad in the wanted, s said help male, help wanted female. Really . Believe it. We had to work on that. Some ily began to get results, at the end of 1968. Picketed. , we we had lawsuits. We pressured the government, eeoc. Ially the mary jean mentioned joel reed. Story. To tell a at our founding conference, joel going to behere was this conference on sex discrimination. In out of the cold. No one invited her. Our ust walked in, into meeting, because she heard it was going to take place, and went around the room, of us e stood up, each introduced ourselves, she stood p, she was still wearing her nuns habit, later she didnt, she said my name is sister joel im a teacher at college, im one of 50,000 were working and oppressed. Ere [applause] during that conference, boland, walked colleen then called the stewardesss union, flight and she talkedon requiring irlines thefully attendants to retire when they reached the age of 32, or some airlines, 35, or when they got married, and this was an early case also, that n. O. W. On. K again, very successfully. One other thing, i want to point out, is that, we worked on cases. Se w ri ts of mandamus. What we were doing. Thats one reason why n. O. W. Was successful. We were professionals in everything we did. The eeoc tely pressed to work on sex discrimination, we pressured president johnson, and i remember we met white house with john who was his associate working on really d he said, you want to be included with the discrimination. Dont you want separate attention to sex discrimination . Said, no its the same thing. I wrote a letter over Betty Friedans signature to president put sex urging him to affirmative n into action. And one of the most historic which was mainly a result of n. O. W. , was in october 1967, when Lyndon Johnson 11246,ed executive order which added women to affirmative action, and this opened the millions of women from then on. Ntry [applause] ive used up my time. Havent. Ou well, there is just so much that happened, and so people who worked. Everyone there worked on what and thats why we were all successful. Passionate, and hen i remember it was in february, 1967, Betty Friedand need chapters. So we started a new york chapter. Sent out the postcards from those who had signed up in the ew york area and the new york chapter of the first n. O. W. And all the chapters really grassroots edrock, of what was happening, and they happen very quickly. Amazingly quickly. Used to say and i we never dreamed it would happen so fast. Got the fair we credit act, which meant women could have credit cards in their own name. Then a woman lost her were divorced she or her husband died landlordhousing act, a could say, i dont rent to women. That became ill legal. Itle 9, which finally prohibited sex discrimination in education. Its a lot more than sports. Promotion. S womens advancement. As well as ls colleges, all of these things in the earlyually, was mainly very one the result of n. O. W. Activists. Lot we can be proud of. Ill answer questions, i dont know how much time ive used up, but we can all be very proud of did. N. O. W. [applause] thank you. Were going to take questions end, because otherwise, muriel. Ever get past next, i want to introduce pam. Or shes the president of veteran feminists of america which is ctually presenting this panel today along with the good graces of the National Association for women. Ts an organization founded by second wave feminists to keep he history alive and propagated, the achievements of and thend wave of women followed. Go back to introducing of our the president Organization Organization now. Citys founded new york First Education committee, along with kate. Good company. Shes focused on education women in prison issues through her life, and she excellent leadership and were proud to be part of today. Here with her eleanor . [applause]. I want to talk about a second hero of the feminist movement. Ome people are technical and some people are black and white. Friedan was ty definitely technical. Book, sexual other olitics, which is known as as the bible of the feminist movement. So you have the feminist you have sexual politics. Kate is also called the major theoretician of the feminist movement. The new so called by york times the maxi tong of the feminist movement. One of the 10 most important people in the 20th entury i. Knew her in a very different way. Was y the way, the world asleep but kate millett woke it up. I met kate when i was just out f college, with a degree in philosophy at brandeis university. I didnt want to go home after i graduated and live with my parents. Of thought i was a bit of a failure because i mrs degree. An i only had a degree with honors and that wasnt quite what she wanted for me. O i did this very unthinkable thing. I moved to Greenwich Village and that was really wicked because i was up to noed good. Ultimately, i was. An und a friend who was and she was dancer, chinese, and she had a very strange circle of friends. 3 00e middle of the night, in the morning, the phone would not the phone but the and i remember this distinctly, i dont think i had lived with her for more than a week, i opened the door and there were these three grimy men standing there, filthy, they had beards, they had obviously week, i opened not washed, they were in rags, and pushed their way through and they were beat necks. We were bohemians, they were beat necks. They made themselves at home and stayed for three weeks, and slept in the bathtub and on the finally, we kicked them out. Another er friend, friend of my chinese roommate was this other strange woman. This was a female. Namehe lived on the her was kate millett. Strange. Was very she came from a middle class family in minnesota. But she wanted to live in what i you know, quarters. Bly squalid derelicts sleeping on her front porch. I remember r house, when i first met her, and what aside from the ram shack way she lived, she didnt even have heat. She had a potbelly stove. Walltowall books, floor to ceiling, she didnt her even a door on bathroom. And she had just come from she had received first honors in english. Amazing feet and she was a female and that was even more amazing. Became and i intellectual sparring partners. She was brilliant, obviously, worried , obviously, i about her all the time. He was very pale, poor, didnt have any money. I would take her out and feed her and take her to the beach to give her a little color. And i never i didnt her. Rstand like why are you living on he i was from the slums myself, working class family. Upward mobility. She was embracing downward mobility. Me. Was very strange to kate identified herself as an artist, not as a writer. He was actually a far better writer than she was an artist. All he took me around to these groups. She loved groups and organizations, ultimately, by said that if there were a thousand feminists organizations she would join one of them and i believed her, because i was in the places with her, theists, an artists, communists, whatever fringe group there were, thats what and thatstracted to what she took me to. Spiritualists and so on. And i thought, this woman is to get to age 23. She was 18 months older than i was. So brilliant. So unusual. I thought she was an alien, and i was the alien. We both lived in our heads and had wonderful conversations, but real rock bottom poor. Strange things began to happen around kate. Eventually she had an intellectual wagon train. The e were moving into bowery, because they were attracted to her lifestyle somehow. And i remember one of them, i remember the first time i ever laid eyes on a woman named kate fresh from sara lawrence, she was wearing white was a very hat, elegant woman, she eventually, became the head of the Mcarthur Foundation and gave out genius awards but she moved across the street from kate and became a bowery squatter just like kate. It. I didnt get it. Till didnt get anyway, i had a big salary. 4,000 a year. And kate thought that was magnificent. Wanted to have some money, too, and i recommended that aybe she should become a teacher. So she goes up to harlem and she kindergarten teacher. Last very long. [laughter] first of all, children were too much noise, they were out in the hall. Secondly, she was drawing with hem and she taught them how to play the piano and they listened to chamber music, but thirdly, worst of all, e she taught them how to read and he third grade teachers were outraged because that was their curriculum, not in the curriculum so she got fired. Actually, kate actually got think, from just about had. Job she ever then she went off to japan and i said, why are you going to japan . Said, i want to go and live ony. N art col i said you dont speak japanese a she said, thats not problem. She disappeared for two years and in the meantime i went on my which was exceptionally good for somebody who was a female, and i moved up rapidly in the academic became a ultimately i full professor and a dean and executive assistant to the director of e special programs and the director of i had more titles than anybody else in the world, nd the head of the collective bargaining unit. And then kate came back and she with a japanese boyfriend, the urn of his bed and yoko ono. This was 1965 and they got married. I remember looking at the door bell and seeing her name, millett and under it, wandered why she wasnt kate. Idea, that she was a precocious feminist and the whole issue of keeping ones marital name separate, which even been on the horizon brain. Certainly in her this academicm in world, and there are no women rank. Me of comparable there are only 1 of women in the university would are full i was an , and administrator. And kind of thought that was neat. Say to me, you think like a man. Thats a great compliment, i like that and i had all of these guys who worked me and it felt very good in some ways. Worse than that, when i was at onei would hire women rank lower than i hired the men nd i did that because i could, because thats what you did, and i was balancing the budget on backs of these women. For was proud of myself that. Because i thought, i was identified with the institution. Hadnt really i did not kate had. Ision that i was always one beat behind her, and then something very strange started to happen. The women in the colleges began to come to me, because i had authority, and i had connection, and they would tell me that they were being they were being sexually harassed, they didnt have a word for that at the or that they didnt get a promotion that they deserved, or or theynt get tenured, werent getting appointed and so on and so forth. Game go to ttle i person for every person in the and i found most, yself, kind of i would call some College President at some school, there were 18 units at and i would call them up and i would demand i would try to fix the issue, and sooner or later the pattern became very clear to that something really bad women. Ng on with these i talked the president into buying a private house right i turnedhe college and that interest a womens resource enter, a Womens Center and i used that as a place where people could come and it became a legal ing center, Advice Center, mortgage Advice Center and so on and so forth. Eventually it became headquarters for the subversive on behalf of ng the women. Coalition. Womens i funded the newsletter. We had meetings there. Access, one who had why you the way katherine niece did on a major scale, i was this on a small scale. I was the mole in the university we filed a large classaction against the niversity, gender discrimination on 12 counts that took us 10 years to prosecute. Largest and the most omplex of its kind, which we successfully resolved. The other ne after after the other all of the that were developing. 1965, when kate married, i had my first of betty or glimpse friedan. Americanan apa meeting Psychological Association down here in washington and i saw by a lot surrounded of people, and everybody was intently to her. And she was phantom size and ery ferocious and very energetic and everybody was listening, and she was as she always was. That . Asked, who is and somebody said thats Betty Friedan. Mystique the feminine a year or two ago. I said, oh, okay. Nd the name, of course, prefeminist consciousness, and eventually, kate settled in and she finally took me to a meeting resonate, you know, after all the other meetings and and so on. Nd before i get to that, she liked kate liked bars, and one of her favorite bars was the cedar bar on University Place in Greenwich Village. And that was her neighborhood bar. Elbows. Ere rubbing i didnt know who i was rubbing with but it was actually on. And so that was the way it went with kate. These were all not celebs yet, down to this e first meeting of the National Association for women. Was, i dont know, 967, maybe 1968, and there is Betty Friedan at the head of the room. Two rows of people furiousple that she was at and she was directing bullets, like a machine gun at bullets of hostility. Kate, and i hem was was terrified. [laughter] i shank back in my seat. To notice me. Her like dont look at me. [laughter] ut one of the issues that was going on was the lesbian issue, rows e in those front two of people were women whose problematic for betty. And i was caught, you know, because i thought this was an organization that to fighting the ppression of women, and why were we oppressing this cohort of women, especially by the of the organization. But they gave as good as it got. Really trading punches up there verbally and have i pyrotechnics h ever. It when i listened closely, was more than the issue of the gay thing. It was, they were trading they were trading ideas, and they were so so mesmerizing in their articulateness, i was just enchanted. And i thought, this is an organization. This is an Interesting Group of omen, and i wonder what all of about. Really so i was in. Nd at the time, as muriel suggested, that organized itself you. Issues that bothered and, you know, health, credit, abortion, whatever, and the obvious there were very few people in the organization, so the committees were like 123 people, not much. So education, obviously, was the me. Ht committee for and so kate and i, you know, committee. Education a committee of two. I elected her president. Elected me Vice President. And that was it. Talked we talked a lot about anecdotal things that we saw. Pink and the blue, the shop versus the Home Economics all, the fact that girls were tracked, as my mother to, with me, into secretarial slots instead of being encouraged to go to college. And the boys were encouraged ifferently, and i was expected to be a secretary and support my three brothers and let them get college, whereas it wasnt important for me because i was going to get married. First hand e all things that we felt. Out of those many poop sations became a sheet that kate delivered and the very ame first thing she published. Delivered it. I watched her trembling from head to toe. He was terrified as she delivered this brief called token learning, or the pretoken learning brief. And that was kate. She was very brave but she was terrified. Kate doing her dissertation at columbia, which into a published dissertation called sexual politics. Had a job at the time with columbia, as an instructor. Of her few jobs, and, of course, the students rioted, the of course, she joined of course, she got fired. That she wase fact gay which didnt help. That was my friend, and then, it was published, she that the insisted cbgbs, ion party be at which was right next door where she lived on the bowery and the doubleday who came down to take the publicity pictures was beside himself. He said, i have nobody i can photograph that respectable. [laughter] at this party. They are wearing beads, feathers spanningles and bangles. They look like indians, they cowboys, i dont know who is what. Barber bra. Ere, too, him putting down his camera. My boss is going to kill me, i picture. E a single anyway, im going to speed this up a little bit, i know ive run over my time. Is so amazing. And so she published sexual politics. A little money out of that. With it, she bought a farm and relevant of it she used to give away to prostitutes because writing something, her second book was called the prostitution papers, and then wanted to know what about the taxes on those said, what . And she nd then she called me and she said help. Now, im going i have 60 ears of a relationship so im not going to do that but ill ake you to 1970 and the march down fifth avenue. Where my friend kate stood up at microphone looking out at and it was onen, of the most thrilling experiences of my own life and ais person that i thought was total loser and would never amount to anything, and who was, fact, an accidental celebrity, cover of time looked at the group now we are a movement. Then we were. Mra [applause] thank you very much. Pleasure to introduce barbara love. Lesbian ove is a feminist. She was active in the early days years w. And for following. Well. Very active as she was a coauthor with a book sort of on bianism the american agenda called a right on woman. Continues, as i said, and is also the that was the book produced by feminists of america feminists who changed america. The book is on some of you are probably in because youre probably some that changed sts dhangd america. This was an amazing product, with the help of other folks and the book is published. There is a cd thats also of the book. That can be purchased at the table. Say, this is t to a monumental piece of work that philosophy, which i want to mention, because its vfa is trying to do and that is, to not just raise fried ans and the use milletts and the rest of on this panel but to say that families live in the cities and towns of our country and those hard over thek so last 50 years are the women who have produced the revolution. Philosophy. R thats what were trying to do. Were going to go to north celebrate xt year to southern feminists, we have a eeting at 4 30 to talk about that with southern feminists. Advertising tle stuck in ill take you back. Barbara [applause] i really want to start off by muriel, for everything shes done. Feminists who changed america have happened without and support p behind the scenes. Brilliant. She more than any other person shes womans movement, been my supporter. Makes my discussions very difficult. Feminists who changed merica includes as many feminists as we could find. Feminists,ars, 2,550 biographies are in there. We went an extra year to get biographies. Heir of course, everybody rewrote them a couple of times. People as many as six or 10 times. It was a real labor of love. People came onboard, it took long time to find a went to 24 publishers before i found one and then i found two that would do it. Even know who would publish it. I was just going to do it anyway. We were just going to go ahead it. H and then finally we found the right people. That. Ery proud of inclusive. L biographies will not be known because it includes he music people, poets, the people, s, the sports contributed people to the movement. m very proud of this and the work that so many people did and some people who are here heather muriel, and booth and some others. Ill move on to the other half tack, which is very painful, and thats about the because i was very prominent about that whole battle, in the lesbian movement, n. O. W. Larly with this was a very divisive and explosive issue in the early n. O. W. , and im glad im sked to talk at it but its its a rocky road. To a good to get place, and happy ending, which does have. But in the early days, and i in context, his because our whole society was not embracing lesbians, and i was not either. It was with the culture. I would say kept in the closet, judy clemens said we in the closet like a demented child. It was hard. I joined n. O. W. In 1969. 1969 that i il mentionedword lesbian ever. Beta kappa. Ap she came with flowers. Know i wanted to be an activist. We were invited to a Group Gathering and we started a group later became radical feminists, lesbians were always all during o. W. , this period. And on all issues, and we some of us knew each other. Closet. Were in the and this is very painful i have to figure out like some people said, when this talking about lesbian issue, first, be true, which is what my mother told me, as i lesbian. In my own heart, i think, oh, my be criticizingto Betty Friedan, the leader of the so painful t were and hurtful that brought a lot of tears. Ive got to was, emember that this was when lesbians were illegal, we were according to the churches, we were also, from the of view, stillnt ill, psychiatrically ill. We were having our children taken away, lesbians. We were thrown out of our homes when they knew we were lesbians. Couldnt get jobs when it was known. When it was known. Doubly gababe we were oppressed. They were our issues and we were to ndred percent committed the movement. It was very painful for us, to we were not wanted, although i understand in a lot about bettys feelings and she did say we were hurting and exploiting, unquote, womans movement. A lot of things i say ill put in quotes because they are words. I sort of made my name. I was never an officer of anything in n. O. W. A troublemaker on this confronting tly on this, and in november of 1969, at the new orleans xecutive committee meeting, i think betty called us which we were, a thought menace. Important always to confront her, when we could, went e, the media always to betty for comments about the Womens Movement and where we were at. Talking aboutways s in ways that i couldnt tolerate. So i would jump up and say something. What happened in 1970, muriels comments on some of these. Disagree, but we n 1970, i was a lesbian, running for reelection as president. I dont know d, how i heard it, i was reminded through a phone call, that i had telephoned her while she was working on the august 26 march, and told her, they are you. Ng to get rid of ill help you if i can, and she said, dont worry. About. S nothing to worry i trust the membership. Thats what she said. Nothing. At the leeks, there was another introduced, a big surprise. I understand, there were people lesbian ot want the issue to surface. That slate won by just a few a lot of people there hat we had never seen before, who became members, and she was voted out of office along with straight, ers, some some gay. And it became known among supporters as the lesbian purge. This. We talked about but it worked out around the very fast, the grapevine. Out on the west coast there was a woman named well, before i to that, that was layer in 1970, thats when cape millett was on the cover of time mag the leader of the movement and at columbia, when said, dy pressed her and wait a minute, youre married and you say youre a lesbian. What are you . Bisexual. Im well, Time Magazine went with bisexual. Shell no longer be recognized as the leader of the Womens Movement. Can you believe that . So we had to confront that one, meeting at a church down in the village, with the hole feminist that is we could gather, thats not true. 1970. As december 16, and a lot of feminists came to her support including eileen may be here, i dont know, she said it was exual mccarthyism of the press to do that and she sent a came am and thats when i out and was on national tv as a lesbian. Thats it, you know, im out. I didnt expect to b. I just said i was a lesbian and the liked that, i guess. Iey thought that was news and think it was because there were two others also, who lost their jobs. I guess it was still news. Westy, in 1971, out on the coast, arlie scott was working almost by herself, to get a passed to recognize feminists, andle and ess lesbians as a feminist issue. This is hard to say. More pain in this. She got a lot of other people passed. N it and got it los was in may, and in the angeles chapter. Then, in the fall in los angeles National Convention, 1971, thank god, lesbian issue, recognizing a feminist issue. Muriel great applause and was supportive of that, which was great. Though you were a big supporter of betty, somehow ive because gure this out betty was saying these things but muriel was for this resolution. We like to think that was it and everything was cool. Wasnt. Really the resolution even had a little some apology in it and said this does not mean now it will change its direction or its energies or anything, and will not work for lesbian rights, resolution did not ask for, but it stated clearly hat it was not going to change anything because of this. But it did get standing applause, i understand. I was not there. It did change a lot. Want en, the next thing i is 1973, 1973, this part, one of the hard parts but it will tell you there were up against, were many tears because of this there were many tears because of this conflict and we were feminists and we thought betty had changed the world, but for us, it was terrible. She wrote an article this is 10 years after the book, 1973 from the kitchen floor. And this this is the kind of thing that was the New York Times magazine section. Of course this is the thing that our friends, our colleagues, our families were reading and nobody was reading what we had to say. And she said in there, and this is from the article and im going to i have the article here, anybody wants to see it. But she called us and this was two years after that resolution. Lets see,d us proth letizers, man haters, infiltrators, pseudo radical infant aislists. Infantilists. I cant finish two minutes. The workshop is over in 10 minutes. Barbara let me get on to this fairly quickly. She called us all of these things. We did have a lot of feminists came to that and we got we got back in a way to say what we wanted to say and people said betty was severely myopic, a lesbian phobe, a dike baiter, joan who has sold out, conjurer of n, phantoms, had reached new heights of paranoia. That was pretty rough but we had had it pretty rough. I just want you to know what we were up against. In 1973 in the fall, this was 19723 in march, a lot happened at the n. O. W. Conference. We got our first lesbian caucus. We got a lesbian rights resolution. We had the first out les lean on the national board, del martin and Sexuality Task force. It had to be a straight woman that was with the lesbians to sort of balance that out. We were not infiltrators. We were definitely women 100 there for the movement. Totally in there. We were not man haters. We didnt need men emotionally or financially. There was a tshirt that i just love that some people wore called a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle. It wasnt important to us so we didnt hate men. We didnt care about them. And seducers. I heard rita may brown threatened to seduce the whole executive committee. Did that happen, muriel . Muriel never got seduced. Barbara that didnt happen. Anyway, years later, betty in 1977, im wrapping up now, did support and talk to the lesbian resolution for lesbian rights. She had to make the point, though, that she had to do this because the e. R. A. Was going to do nothing for homosexuals so it was ok for her to support lesbian rights and she did and that resolution passed in houston and to much applause and thoundrouse applause and balloons everywhere. She did come around and later we came around and i remember at a dinner for her, we gave her a big hug, i did and talked about what she had done for all the women and kate millett did too. We both spoke for her. So that is the end of that. [applause] thank you. We have about 10 minutes left in the workshop and we have we can be here the rest of the day and have the night with the number of topics we need to discuss so im going to im going just ask open the floor can i have a little rebut agal . Rebuttal . Just a couple of points in which i differ with my good friend barbara. First of all, you have to differentiate between Betty Friedan who had her own ideas and passions and ways of expressing herself and now. Betty, when she talked about the she was talking about people. So there is no question she thought that lesbians were a threat because they were going to try to change the direction of n. O. W. And it was going to talk more about sexual issues than employment issues, but as far as n. O. W. Is concerned, i have to talk about that election. The socalled lesbian purge. That election was not at all about purging lesbians an we all loved ivey betini. It was an issues referendum on strategy. Strictly strategy. Does our chapter of that, which is the new york chapter, adopt lesbianism as an issue or do we delay for the time being for strategic reasons because we dont want to turn off the housewives. We dont want to direct attention away from our other issues, mostly employment and the other issues we were working on. It was strictly a vote on strategy. It was not at all personal. We still loved ivey. Incident think person who headed he slate that won was jackie sabalos who many of you know and she was a feminist too. That was a vote about strategy. Not about the fact that ivey was a bleens. That had no interest what so over. Ever. Must say that now quickly debated the issue among itself, all the chapters and really within like a year and a half passed this resolution in september 1971 saying lesbianism is a feminist issue and that was the year i got elected chair of the board of n. O. W. So we didebated. We argued about strategy, very heatedly and we came to the conclusion, yes t. A feminist issue. N. O. W. Really came out for this much earlier than any other feminist organization. Thank you. Thank you. [applause] i think this demonstrates any of us who have been on the planet for a while understand how much the lesbian gay issue has changeded over the last 50 years since n. O. W. Was founded. And let us say that the women on this panel and the women were talking about and even those who took an opposite strategic position had something to do with making this happen. Thats what were celebrating today. [applause] now it is your turn. Anybody have a question, comment . Way in the back. Would you comment on tell us a little bit about how n. O. W. Ended up adopting the equal rights amendment as one of their key issues . Well, we were both at the conference. You want to start . His was adopted in 1967. Muriel what was the question . Barbara the e. R. A. Muriel at our first annual conference after our founding conference, we decided to Betty Friedan proposed in the womens bill of rights that we support the e. R. A. It was very divisive because the Labor Union Women were still supporting protective labor laws that protected women and children and they had worked very hard, the labor unions, for these laws and were not ready yet to abandon them and of course if you want equal treatment then you cant have socalled protective laws which actually were protecting women out of most of the good jobs. So there was a battle in 1967 that was the same convention where we had a battle. Should we make abortion a n. O. W. Issue and again, it was the same bitter, heated battle. Do we take up abortion or is it too early and frankly i was one of those who thought it was too early, and was i wrong. Because once n. O. W. Supported abortion, members flooded into n. O. W. But i had thought it would turn people off. So these were issues that we fought about and but n. O. W. Was always ahead of all the other organizations in the decisions hat we made. Barbara yes. Yes. I came into n. O. W. In 1971 but i wasnt in new york. I was in the country in a much more rural area, not that it wasnt the biggest any is maine. [laughter] 60,000 people. But you know, i think that the issues were not as volatile in some areas. We never had those fights or heated discussions in portland, maine. We just sort of well, oh, gee, ok. We just went ahead. It was clear to us that lesbian rights was a feminist issue and we just never thought much about it. My first National Convention was in 1973 so i missed the original debate because i was still in maine trying to make equal pay. Didnt come out until 1976. With regard to one of the accusations, i mean in some ways anybody who has worked within n. O. W. And who is currently and has been a lesbian, there is a certain amount of recruitment that did happen, you know . In a nice kind of way. I fell in love in n. O. W. It is like these things happen. But they would have happened anywhere. It only had to do with proximity and the fact that ive always been grateful that i came out in the feminist movement because i never took the time to think there was something wrong with me because i really cared about and admired the women around me, some of whom were lesbians. I didnt have to feel bad about myself ever. So that was a real gift that i got from my association and the Womens Movement was that i could be a good person, even if i happened to be a lesbian. For that, im very grateful. So i think that the struggles were slightly different outside of the big cities. Thats my point. Thanks, les. I was on organizer in st. Louis, missouri. We fought between abortion rights and lesbian rights. I was given a paper written by lesbians about what i should say at the gay pride parade in 1979. I told them i couldnt say that. I said im not a lesbian. Im a nice married lady from the suburbs and if youre part of the solution, youre part of the problem. Thats what said but what i said back to them they said you never work on lesbian issues. I said i dont see an Abortion Clinic either. It was still pretty hostile. Yes, back here. I do remember Betty Friedan and but i wanted to say in relation, that was comment early n the discussion about 7 of lawyers were women and 5 of physicians, engineers, there were very, very few women as well. But conversely, Elementary School teachers probably better than 90 . I dont know if that has changed that much. Nursing was 99 women. I was a young nurse in those days but the men would be our supervisors within six months after they graduated. These were the kind of things, the changes i have a daughter who was a sfgs. When she went to medical school, she started having kids. She could tell stories about when she was in her second year of medical school and she occasional would be able to bring my grandson to school with her and there was no place for her to nurse him. Except go to the bathroom. Even in that situation. So when i think about all the changes and how all of us have done i just think you know, its just great. We got a lot to yes . Can you talk a little bit about the impact that the consciousness raising groups had . Feminists radical seized upon this but it was the n. O. W. Chapters that really that is consciousness raising groups and spread it throughout the country and the truth is n. O. W. Doesnt get as much credit for hat as it deserves but when it happened, in the middle of the 1970s, of course the idea that people would share the stories of their oppression, it just caught on immediately and helped people understand why they were in the movement. Yes. Im currently still a judge. I am not here for any political reason because im not permitted to participate in politics. Im simply here to celebrate the 50 years of n. O. W. I have something really sweet to tell. Eight years ago i had finished a cust case and the dad wanted to bring his two little girls into the courtroom to meet the judge. One was about 8 and ones 5. I said to little 5yearold what do you want to be when you grow u . She said i want to be a firefighter. I said when i was a little girl, girls couldnt be firefighters. She looked at me in shock and she said no i almost lost it because to me, i had this emotional reaction. This is what we were about. This is what we have accomplished. Little girls are now growing up with no bars. They grow up with dreams of being anything and everything they want to do and thats what they are doing and also as i see in family court and i have felt that this was really attributable to the Womens Movement that men are now free to be parents. Men are now free to walk down the street carrying their kids around. Men are now free to be parenting, which they could never do in those old rules. Incidentally, i then said to the little girl because this was back in 2008. I then said to her now girl consist do anything they want to do. They can even run for president. She turns and looks at her dad and says i know because he voted for her. [applause] very good. Very good. And she might be old enough to vote this year. Who knows . My name is marcy simms. It is great to be here. In reflection over the 50 years, so much has changed. So many wonderful points of light. Of progress. And im just curious in looking at the arc to have last 50 years, if there had been an e. R. A. , what was it about that time . Im presently involved with the e. R. A. Coalition. We know it didnt pass and we know that so many of the issues that were talking about right now in this president ial campaign have to do with many of the issues that would have been addressed over the course of the last many years through the court system if there were an e. R. A. , if women were recognized by the founding document in the land. What advice would you give today . How would you strategyize today to finish the business of the constitution . I think there is actually a couple of workshops that are going to talk about that. I can talk took into account e. R. A. Campaign because i was one of the in the last big battle in illinois in 1980 i was one of the leaders of that long list. Lots of people worked on it. I reflected on it after we were unsuccessful in illinois and getting two other, three states at the end before the termination date of 1982 which at that point at least we figured was the end of the struggle but i want to say the and the second half of this workshop, which is tomorrow at 11 30, were going to talk more from the perspective of how the august 26, 1970 made n. O. W. Into a Mass Movement, n. O. W. And the Womens Movement into more of a Mass Movement. The impact on individual women, particularly in politics, i can remember women coming to go to the legislature in illinois and say they had never seen a state legislature before and they were in shock like thats it . And many of them became convinced. I think a lot of women in politics, all the efforts that have been made since the e. R. A. Campaign that that actually catapulted women into the public spear in many ways. I think it had many, many practical they tried to pass everything so they didnt have the e. R. A. They passed individual legislation. A lot of that was done. It doesnt change the fact that we dont have standing in the u. S. Constitution and there needs to be. There needs to be you know, we need to address that. I dont have an actual answer to your question. I hope that some strategies will be discussed in the workshops here and an effort will be made to go forward. Lets honor the e. R. A. As a 10year struggle that women conducted that advanced our cause very monumenty in a lot of ways. Lets be thankful for that today too. [applause] i just wanted to make a point in the time that i was when the e. R. A. Failed, one of the legislatures who was a friend of mine who happened to be africanamerican, said that paid the black legislatures to vote against it in illinois. That was one of the key reasons it failed. This was on pbs a long time ago where he was interviewed and then it was taken off like many of the do you meanries that have disappeared. I would hope some of the younger feminists could look into that issue because unfortunately politics is very corrupt. It wasnt too much of a secret. Mayor daleys son was voting against e. R. A. Once we noticed that we figured maybe he wasnt on our side. And the bishops didnt want it either. They told me he paid them off. I just wanned to ask, muriel, you said Betty Friedan originally in the original letter said these were the elite professional women but you said betty is the one who said we need chapters across the country. Can you just talk to that switch that she did and how that happened . She quickly realized as this groundswell, lots and lots of publicity, we were on the front page of major newspapers across the country and there were just a groundswell and betty quickly realized, yes, we were a mass ovement. Can i just tell a quick story in response to what you said. Donna shalala who was in president bill clintons cabinet as secretary of health, education and welfare tells the story of the boy and the girl playing doctor and the girl says to the little boy, lets play doctor. You be the doctor and ill be the secretary of health, education and welfare. I love it. I love it. [laughter] i think were coming to the i think were out of time. I want to do im just going to take a personal privilege and do this even though this is a room full of fantastic women. I want to point out heather booth, who is was were celebrate g now but this period of the womens liberation movement, health we are rer booth was in chicago. We go back all that time. She was the head of jane. Any of you know about that movement. Heather, please stand for a minute. [applause] womens liberation. 1970. This was the Mass Movement we had waited for. I almost couldnt even imagine and the key lesson, there are so many lessons out of it. Also i feel so inspired about hearing dear friends speak about this history that we now are learning again and have to learn and pass on. But a key lesson i feel from this is that this is so precious, this fight for equality, this gaining of equality and freedom and if ice, but it only happens we organize, not just talking to eeverp, not just even celebrating what we have done ut organizing right now. Someone else said they are not here for politics, but politics is also part of our life. It is a very close election. Ou need to organize. Talk to those who are not committed yet. I appreciate your help. You changed my life. Muriel, barbara, eleanor. [applause] thank you all for being here. It has been a pleasure to be with you. If you can come tomorrow afternoon, please do that and for the second half of this workshop and thank you for all that you have done in your n. O. W. Chapters across america. Thank you. [applause] here is a preview. Today has been the task of preserving and enlarging freedom at home and safeguarding it from abroad s of iran thei is great enough to challenge all of our resources and to require all of our strength. [applause] anyone who joins us in all sin air isity, we welcome. Sincerity, we welcome. [applause] those who do not care for our cause, we dont expect to interour ranks in any case enter our ranks in any case. And so focused and so dedicated, no be but unthinking and stupid labels. I would remind you that extremism in the defense of iberty is no vice. [applause] thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. And you can watch more from the 1964 democratic and Republican Conventions sunday at 10 00 a. M. , 6 00 p. M. And 10 00 p. M. Eastern on our weekly series road to the white house rewind on American History tv only on cspan 3. Monday night on the communicators. All were really doing through this transition is allowing the commerce of these functions, the number of register industries, the named register industries and registrars to connect directly to get the services they need. Barry string ling discusses ans for the u. S. To give oversight. The plan has generated opposition. He is interviewed by the Senior Editor for telecommunications report. The noolings want to protect Internet Freedom and i think all of us do whether you are a democratic or republican whether youre in the administration or congress, we all have that as our goal, i think people need to understand we might hurt Internet Freedom if we renege on our commitment to complete this transaction now that community has said they are ready for it