Us an excellent base. It will go forth in the beginning with at least the 177 at laurel boats that comprise the states of the south electoral votes that comprise the states of the south. No new Party Movement has ever had the grass roots support that our movement has. There are movements that are movements of personalities of some small group represented representing only a small fraction of the public vote. But our movement does represent the majority thinking of the American People at this moment. We are back live in montgomery, alabama. This is a live picture of the Governors Mansion, two miles south of downtown montgomery. Dan carper, how is it that George Wallace got 10 million votes and 46 electoral votes . All the states he won were in the deep south. To him, that was a disappointment. He had hoped to break into some of the border states. It was close in a number of them North Carolina and virginia, and particularly tennessee. He was within striking distance. Although he was disappointed, it was an extraordinary showing. No political thirdparty candidate since Strom Thurmond in 1948 had even carried enough votes in a state to take the electoral vote. He saw it as a strategy that did not succeed, but one that was sound, i think, in 1968. We want to get you involved in this program on the contenders. 2027370001 for those in the east and the central time zone. 2027370002 for the mountain and pacific time zone. The ceek on the contender ontenders we talked about here humphrey and the vietnam war. Can you talk about George Wallace without talking about segregation . He was the first candidate, the first person, i should say, to testify in favor of a constitutional amendment guaranteeing School Prayer but get the Supreme Court decision. He talked an awful lot about pornography and the dangers of pornography. You have to remember, this was the 1960s and 1970s. He supported roe v. Wade. He came out in favor of the equal rights amendment when it was first proposed. At this time, yes. There were these social issues, but they did not have that hard edge there were later to have in the 1980s and 1990s. The vietnam one was particular interesting because the to the both the position of victory at any cost. George wallace sent the people were very ambivalent about that war. He wanted to be up against the hardliners. He did it by coming up with this formulation. He would go in, when at any cost, or we would collapse. That way the sort of had both sides. What was the known far as color of alabama . He was elected four times. The support came from the race issue, there is no question about it. Alabamians and many white southerners felt besieged. Here you had someone governor wallace was their champion. They saw him as the kind of person who would speak up on their behalf, not politically, but very forcefully. I think that was part of it. The other part was you have to remember, George Wallace came out of the 1930s as a Franklin Roosevelt liberal. He was very liberal in the state legislature. He did have a program, which was often abused, but it was a program which emphasized increases in education, the establishment of Community Colleges around the state that would be accessible to individuals who cannot afford to go to the university of alabama, but they could attend the Community College for a couple of years, maybe get a tech degree or whatever. Education was a big part of it. The underlying force of this passion for governor wallace was, at least in the 1960s, was the race issue. Our first call on George Wallace comes from michigan. You are on the contenders. We are live from montgomery alabama. Thank you very much. What appeal did governor wallace have to white ethnic, and religious groups like jews, catholics, etc. , outside of the south and the urban areas . Also, what did he take of senator goldwater . Senator goldwater was also against the civil rights stuff. Thank you very much. He did have a remarkable appeal to ethnic, particularly first generation, eastern europeans. He did not have the baggage of being antisemitic and of being antiforeign. What he found was, particularly in many urban areas of the north, was he found that the very prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s had created tension between blacks and ethnics in the workingclass communities in which africanamericans were finally getting jobs, finally getting housing. Theyre often moving in and conflicting directly with these workingclass ethnic neighborhoods. Dan carter, so much was going on in civil rights in alabama during his first tenure as governor in 19631967, including the bombing of the church in birmingham and the killing of the four young girls. What was his reaction to that . That was one of the most typical moments, i think, for him at the time. I do not doubt one moment that he was genuinely horrified, particularly when it happened. He told lingo, the head of the state police, do what you have to do to find out who did this. It changed, i think partly because governor wallace reacted. I think after a few weeks although he continued to insist he was trying to get to the bottom of this, a privately claimed too many individuals that may be blacks had set these bombs or communist had set these bombs. It showed how difficult it was, i think, for it him to for have to deal with it, but it was not his finest hour. What was his relationship with conner . An ambivalent one. Conner was a loose cannon. He certainly found bull connor a useful ally during the heights of the Civilrights Movement and birmingham demonstrations. He never made any real effort to rein connor in. George wallace served as governor of alabama from 1963 1967 and again from 19691971. He died when he was 79 years old. The lived in this mansion behind us for putting of his life. The next call comes from san diego. Good evening. I wanted to know what kind of relationship did governor wallace have with Lyndon Johnson . Apparently Lyndon Johnson was known to persuade people. When did George Wallace finally abandon his philosophy of segregation . Thank you. Lyndon johnson the most famous moment between Lyndon JohnsonLyndon Johnson and wallace came in the midst of the selma crisis in which president johnson brought him to washington, or actually, governor wallace volunteered to meet with him where he got people treatment from Lyndon Johnson. He was pretty intimidated by the whole process, but he was not alone in that respect. Lyndon johnson intimidated everyone. That was, of course, in the early 1960s. The last hurrah for the kind of racial Campaign Came in 1970 against albert brewer, who had been one of his proteges. He replaced his wife as governor. In the wake of that campaign, it was a pretty all out use of the race issue, attacks that brewer was a candidate of blacks. In the aftermath of that, politically, he said to many of his aides that this was the last campaign he would be able to run like this. The public mood of voters was changing and black voters were fully enfranchised at that moment. When he emotionally chain, that, i think, really comes later on. As we discussed with dan carter a little earlier, George Kellner was governor in 1968 and lost in 1962. Here is a bit from the speeches in 1968 and 1962. If i did not have what it took to treat a man there regardless of his color, then i do not have what it takes to be governor of this great state. Today, i have stood where once Jefferson Davis stood and took an oath to my people. It is very appropriate that from the cradle of the confederacy, this very heart of the great anglosaxon southland, that today we sound the drums of freedom as the generations before us have done time and again. Let us rise to the cause of freedom and send our answer in the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth. I draw a line in the dust and i say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever. Dan carper, the power of those words. Pretty amazing. It really got him the first serious national attention. His aides worked very hard to make sure all the networks were there. It was the first stage in think took him out of a position of being a narrow, parochial, southern politician and put him on the national stage. Asa carter, one of his unofficial a6 had been a one of this artificial aids had been and became the writer of a number of best selling novels under the name forrest carter. Danny in mississippi, you are on the contenders. Thank you. My question is as farfetched as it might seem, at what if George Wallace would have been elected president . I know there would have been compromise on both sides, but you think he would have been a good president . Would the people have supported him . I will hang up and listen to what you gentlemen say. The only time that he even, i think, stood a chance of being elected was not in 1968, but 1972, and it would have been an extraordinarily long shot. Certainly he would have been a different president than he was campaigner. I cannot imagine him being an effective president because although there were 25 of the American People, mostly white americans, who supported him, he always had the great hostility of well over half the American People. It is hard to govern under those circumstances. Dan carter, was George Wallace religious . Yes. He was a lifelong methodist. It is interesting, during these years, the 1960s and 1970s, about the only time he even talked about religion even in an indirect way was when he ran in 1962 he did say he was taking liquor out of the Governors Mansion because big jim folsom, his mentor, had not taken liquor out of the Governors Mansion. He talked about it in terms of being a christian that he was. To do that he was going to do it. Politicians just did not do that during that time. With all the campaigns he ran, did he enjoyed politics . Hubert humphrey was the happy warrior. Was he a happy warrior . Absolutely. He would not have been successful, i do not think. Any good politician, i think, have to more than tolerate it. In his case, you would have to be a psychiatrist to figure out each politician, but i think he enjoyed the adulation of the crowd. It was a kind of love affair between him and many of his constituency. He was enormously popular in alabama. He loved that feeling of people supporting him. Here is more prom his 1963 gubernatorial inaugural address. Each state within its own framework has the freedom to teach, develop, to ask for and received help from others. This is a great freedom from our american founding fathers, but if we give up one unit as advocated by the communist philosophers, then the enrichment of our lives, the freedom of our development dissolves forever dissolves for ever. Dissolves for ever. We stand for everything and for nothing. We respect the separateness of others and are divided in an effort that has been so twisted and destroyed that there is no wonder that communism is today winning the world. The negro citizens of alabama will work with us from the separate racial station as we will work with him to develop, to grow in individual freedom and enrichment. We want jobs and a future for both races. We want to help the physically and mentally sick of both races. The firm and the and firm. This is the basic patent of tenets of our religion. Dan carper, that was from the same speech same speech as segregation now, separation segregation now, segregation tomorrow. He made a few changes from the original. That does not sound like asa carter, that sounds more like George Wallace. It is an attempt to take a little bit of the edge of the harshness of the speech itself. It is an interesting part of that speech. It becomes a constant motif, and that is the reference to communism. We do not think about that so much today in terms of anything except the cold war, spies. But for white southerners and Many Americans around the country. And Many Americans around the country, the Civil Rights Movement was an act of congress. It is hard to remember how frightened americans were and how much they believed the communist infiltration had taken place. Civil rights seem to be a place they would operate. Its was a useful weapon against the movement to emphasize that. What George Wallaces running mate in 1968 was air force mate in 1968 was air force