This one of general john bell hood. If you look at his photograph, you will see that is the same uniform he is wearing there in that particular photograph. The same with general clayburghs uniform. This is the uniform he was wearing when he was killed at the battle of franklin in 1864. It is also the one he is wearing in the photograph there. Some of that is battle damage, but most of it is insect damage. Its the first we have been able to display it. It is the first it has ever been on display since his family gave it to us. His family did not want to give it to us because they were embarrassed about the condition it was in. There are such few artifacts that remain of patrick clayburgh that this is a important piece to have of him. The graphic here depicts the surrender of some of lees army at sailors creek. He lost about one third of his army at the battle. After that battle, general grant initiates a conversation with general lee by messenger, telling him he does not want anymore bloodshed, asking lee to surrender his army. Over the next few days, they continue the correspondence. Lee does not want the bloodshed, but it is not yet time to surrender his army. They continue in this correspondence up to the battle of appomattox courthouse on the morning of april 9, when general lee sends a final message to grant, telling him he is ready to surrender his armor. Army fifth there are two significant images i would like to tell you about. In d is an aide to general lee, wounded in appomattox on april 9. Lee noted that he left him writhing in great pain and assumed he died. In fact, he survived. Theost for this picture of uniform where the bullet passed through his coat. There is the bullet that was recovered from him. He was operated on by a Union Surgeon and continued to live after the war. The gentleman in f is Sergeant Robert parker could h. He was with the second virginia cavalry. On that morning, he was also engaged in a battle in appomattox. He is known as lees last casualty. Sergeant parker was wounded in these engagements and he passed away at the will robertson house. He was the last man in lees army to die before lee sent his message to grant that he was ready to surrender. Sergeant parker was only 40 miles away from his hometown at the time he passed away. Another item that we have of what lee wore the day he surrendered to grant as his coat and a pen helet, used to accept the terms of surrender. This coat was given to us by his son. When he gave it to us, he told us this was the one he was wearing the day he surrendered. Windows those were his gauntlets we know those were his gauntlets that day. The pen was used to sign the acceptance. A lot of people do not know that general lee and general grant never signed the same piece of paper. When they met at the Maclean House on april 9, they had a nice, cordial meeting. Lee asked grant to set his terms down on paper of surrender. He had heard them in general a few days before, but he asked him to write down the particular terms of surrender, which grant did. He gave it to lee to read. Grant signed the terms of surrender that he was offering. Lee read it. He made a couple of corrections to it and gave it back to general grant. He wrote his letter of acceptance of those particular terms. Lee signed his own letter, but they never signed the same piece of paper. There is no formal peace treaty, no document ever signed between the president lincoln and president davis, ending any of this. It was just lee surrendering to general grant at this particular time. In this particular case, there are a lot of uniforms and flags that pertain specifically to appomattox. These were on the men that were here with them. The flags that are here are ones that were captured or surrendered here in appomattox. The museum has started a flag conservation program. These two flags are perfect examples of that. We have been able to have the flags conserved so they will not deteriorate any further. Its an expensive process to have done. It can cost 20,000 to 30,000. We have been fortunate that some of our supporters have stepped forward to help us with these. Some of them may have ancestors that fought for a particular unit, so it is personal to them. We have a lot of flags that have not been conserved that we cannot display. We have a system that we can display them in, some of the drawers over here that i will show you. We have 59 flags surrendered or captured at appomattox. Not all of them are in the condition of the ones we looked at earlier that have been conserved. A lot of them look like this. This is obviously one that has probably souvenir damage done to it, taken as they were unfurling the flags on april 12, turning them in for the last time. A lot of men tore off pieces to take home with them as souvenirs. This particular flag, not quite as much damage. You can see some of the stars are missing from it. Some of the men took those to take home as souvenirs. The flag we have in this last case on the bottom is one that does not have any damage other than wear and tear of 150 years. This was carried by Sergeant David lowery. He refused to surrender his flag at the surrender ceremony. He folded it up. He wrapped it around his body, put his uniform on top of it, and walked home with it. He kept it on an easel in his parlor and it remained there until he passed away. The flag was given to us by his daughter. That was the story that she told us. In the fall of the first year we opened in 2012, his greatgranddaughter came to visit this particular flag and told us the same story. That he had brought it home with him this way, kept it on an easel in the parlor. They kept it with him at all times. The battle flags that the men followed into battle were very significant for them. Bearer, who carries the flag, was a target for the enemy. They felt that they shot down the color bearer, it would morally defeat that particular unit. Color bearers were particularly courageous and their fights. They carriedhings these flags on, you can see on the flagstaffs that were all surrendered in appomattox. Some of them are nice pieces of wood. Some of them are also just tree branches. They are making do with whatever they have. When lee surrendered to general grant, he surrendered only his army of northern virginia. He did not surrender any other armies, although grant had asked him to. There was over 100,000 soldiers still in the field. Appomattox was just the first surrender that happened, but certainly not the last surrender that ended the war. Effectively, it did. One of the larger armies in the field was general Joe Johnstons army in north carolina. It had been lees goal to meet with general johnston. Those after they supplied their armies and continued their efforts. Johnston surrendered about three weeks after lee surrendered. Besides the portrait of the store that you see here, the spurs, the gauntlets, the sash, and this chest all belong to the general joseph johnston. The last surrender that occurred on land was by stan wadde. We do not have any of his items other than a portrait of him, but he is notable because he was a cherokee. He surrendered his men, who were comprised of native americans in what was known as the oklahoma territory in june of 1865. That was the last surrender of confederate troops on land. The last surrender of any Confederate Flag occurred in november of 1865 in liverpool, england. The shenandoah had been a raiding ship. It was a very successful one. It was operating off the Aleutian Islands off of alaska when it got word that the war had ended. The captain did not want to put into any u. S. Port because he and his men would have been hanged as pirates. Because thats what they were. So they sailed all the way around south america, back up to Great Britain to liverpool, england, which is where the ship had been made. They surrendered their flag there, quietly dispersed, and went back home. The map shows some other places where people went after the war. About 10,000 former confederate soldiers were given land grants by the emperor of brazil to come down and establish a colony. These men were known as confederatos. About 3000 of them remained. 7000 came back. Its very difficult to establish new lands again. There are still descendents that live there in brazil now. Peru, belize, mexico, were also places where other soldiers had gone. Africanamericans, some of them went back to liberia, which was a country that had been created for them with the idea of them going back to their native lands to reestablish colonies there. It was not very successful. Only about 4000 africanamericans went there. A much larger number went to kansas after reconstruction, about 15,000, to establish life on farms there in kansas. Some of the soldiers also became mercenaries or worked for other armies. In egypt, a lot of them went to join the fighting that was there. Some of the coats that we have in our collection show alterations that soldiers made to them after the war. This one has buttons covered and shows no insignia. The u. S. Army regulations required them to remove any insignia and military buttons if they were going to continue to wear them. Other modifications we see to things that were done to the soldiers coats, there were shortages in the south. Clothing was very valuable. This is one example where a woman has taken her husbands coat from the war and cut it down to make an overcoat for her small son to wear during the winter months. This is our wall of faces that shows nearly 100 men and women , africanamerican and white, and tells their stories on the screens. What happened to them during the war and what happened after the war. One of the people is Elizabeth Van lew. She lived in richmond. She was a union spy. She was very wealthy. But she wanted to help Union Soldiers. She was down at libby prison, passing messages back and forth. After the war, she was appointed postmistress by president grant. After she passed away, her home was torn down by the people of richmond. They did not have the same opinion as president grant did. This is an image of judah benjamin, the first jewish cabinet officer in the u. S. He served as secretary of war and secretary of state for the Confederate States of america. Another image is related to some of the people that live here in appomattox today. This is nancy martin. She was born a slave, about two or three years old when lee surrendered. She became pretty. Free. She grew up to be a midwife. If you were expecting a child, you called nancy martin, regardless of whether you were africanamerican or white. According to reverend jones, who gave us this image, his great great grandmother, nancy martin, had her own wall of faces. She always had a portrait made with every child she brought into the world. We also have here in this room a death mask of robert e lee. After lee left appomattox in 1865, he returned to richmond to his wife. They then moved out to lexington, virginia, where he was president of Washington College for the next five years. He passed away in 1870, five years after his surrender. This is one of the death masks. The image behind him is an image of appomattox courthouse. You can see the ruins of the burned out courthouse, taken after 1892, when it burned. This had been the county seat up until that point. As we showed you on the map before, this village was built on the stagecoach line. The Railroad Line did not come through the village. It was a few miles away, where lee was trying to get to. After this courthouse burned, they built a new courthouse and moved the county seat to where it exists today, near the railroad station in the town of appomattox. This gallery focuses on the confederate veterans. Many of them were wounded during the war action and lost limbs. Some of them had prosthetic limbs like this made. When this was given to us, the gentleman said he was not real comfortable with it so he did not wear it very often. His grandkids probably played with it more often than he wore it. Another example of a veterans affects that we have is this hat worn by sergeant duckett. You can see that there is a ole in it and h there is a patch where a bullet grazed him during a battle. It came that close to ending his life and took out a big chunk of his hat. When the men came back from the war, they were significantly changed. A lot of times, those boys had not been outside of their own county. Now, they traveled to different states and seen the horrific effects of the war. A lot of them came back with physical wounds, an eye missing, and arm missing, or a leg missing, but when they came back, they tried to reclaim their lives. Some of them were farmers. Some went into politics. They were seen as war heroes, so it was easy for them to run on platforms and become elected officials in their home communities. But some of these men were radically different than when they had been when they had left. A lot of these conditions they do not understand yet. This is a time when we do not understand bacteria and germs , let alone the psychological issues the men were finding. When writings and in writings and journals, they referred to this condition as soldiers heart, because it often came along with a heart condition. Today, we call it posttraumatic stress disorder. They did not understand it at the time. There were high rates of alcoholism after the war. There were high rates of suicide also, as the men tried to deal with what they had seen during that time period without the benefits of counseling or understanding what was going on. Very similar to what we see with our veterans today. Like i said previously, the men were not permitted to wear their uniforms after the war was over. But yet, the men wanted to get together and have reunions. They designed this confederate veteran uniform available for 7. 50 that you will see in a lot of the reunion photographs we have here. Most of the reunions we see in these images were just of confederate veterans or Union Veterans with their particular unit. There were a few reunions held with troops from the north and south. There want as many of them, but they were given wide publicity. These were two punch bowls made to signify one of those reunions in the 1880s between the north and south. Throughout the south, many Veterans Homes became organized as places where veterans could live if they had no one at home to care for them. Some of the examples were from the Veterans Home in richmond, virginia. This veteran was celebrating his 103rd birthday. One of the things they did at this particular home as a fundraiser was carve furniture out of cigar boxes. One day, i was taking some of our former Board Members on a tour, and they were admiring this and commented that they used to have dollhouse furniture just like this that they used to play with as a child. Then their mother took it away from them because she was saying they were going to break it. They were being a bit too rough with them. As they were looking at it and admiring the furniture, start reading the label and see who it was donated by, it was their parents. This was the dollhouse furniture that had been taken away from them as a child, now appearing in a museum. The museum has undergone a number of changes since it was first opened in 1896 as the confederate museum. This museum was the next phase of being built out here in appomattox, chosen to be here because of the people that come to this particular area. Appomattox is one of the top draws for civil war historians or people who are just interested in civil war history. Give them another experience out here where we could bring more of our collection out and bring that collection that specifically relates here to appomattox. Ive been with the museum for 15 years now, four years as the director of the museum. I loved the job totally. It has been absolutely fantastic and excited about the future thats going to happen with the museum as it continues to grow and expand and improve our collection. We hope you will stop by and see us. Please do. You can watch this or other american artifacts programs at any time by visiting our website , cspan. Org history. Are cspan cities tour takes American History tv on the road to feature the history of cities across america. Heres the recent program. We are here at the South Carolina confederate relic and military museum. One of the things that is a continual controversy that has surrounded the city since 1865 is who burned columbia . What exactly happened on the night of february 7, 1865 . There are number of answers around town and some of the answers are here in the museum, but they still invite a lot of controversy. When sherman started his march through the carolinas, it was generally 30th 1865 january 30, 1865. He swept through georgia, captured atlanta and savannah and presented it to liken as a christmas gift. It a lot of confusion within the state of South Carolina on where sherman was going to head to next. Most people thought he would head toward charleston, but there i was concerned that he would head toward the middle of the state torts b towards colu. There were a thousand People Living in the city. Wendy wore occurs when the city was when to be a focal point that people would seek food and supplies and try to wait out the war as men are off on pedal. The citys population actually swells to 20,000 people. When they start hearing about sherman and his advance through South Carolina, because they are hearing stories out of the lower part of the state, their hearing rumorsly a lot of it is and speculation, but they see Confederate Forces here in town. There was actually a lot of writing that took place before shermans troops entered the city. When sherman starts out on jimmy 30th, the only real tenement he has is the swamps of South Carolina and the very wet weather he has been encountering. His troops are hardened veterans at this point. His corps of engineers is excellent. He is able to push through a rapid pace of 10 to 12 miles a day with only some minor skirmishes and fighting along the way. Happens, the gateways open and sherman can move into the city about as quickly as he liked. In order to slow shermans advance, confederates burned the bridges into the city. The Union Battery actually shows up on the less be a side of the rev the West Columbia side of the river. From that vantage point, he was able to look into the city and start shelling some of the key points of interest. One of the places that he for sites his artillery to is the First Presbyterian church steeple, which is about seven feet taller than that it is today. He also starts aiming his artillery to the statehouse. The shells are landing on the interior of the building and nicking and scraping outside of the building as well. If you visit today, you will see bronze stars along the outside of the building. The stars march some of the damage caused by the artillery projectiles that were fired at the building. We actually have one and a case here at the confederate relic room that you can see. When union troops start moving through, they find a lot of that chaos that i was talking about. One of the things that they are discovering as a number of wagons full of cotton centered in the city. The cotton was a very valuable resource at that time. Theton and some of confederates did not want that falling into union hands, so the original plan was to take cotton out to local fields in the country and burn it. They just didnt have time to do that. Shermans advance was way too fast. There is some controversy as to whether those hot wagons cotton wagons were set on fire by the fleeing confederates. Captain put orders out not to set any of them on fire. There were also some theories that they caught fire from the shelling going on. Some of it was the looting in general destruction that was occurring. Some of the Union Officers and soldiers that come through do not talk about the cotton being on fire. Others to talk about the cotton being on fire. By all accounts, the cotton on the street enemy fires around was, everything completely put out by midafternoon, so there was not fired to speak of throughout the Late Afternoon and early evening hours. Sometime around 7 00, a number of eyewitnesses talk about three signals going up into the night sky. These would have been flare gun type signals. They said that once those signals one up into the sky, right around that time between 7 00 and 8 00, the fires in the city started rekindling. Theres an enormous amount of debate over whether these were some of the fires from earlier in the day that they thought had been put out and the winds whipping it up and kicking some of the ash in the fire starts to spread that way or if it was some sort of signal to start looting and destruction of the city. A lot of people felt it was very coincidental. It couldve been one of the flares itself that start of the fires in the city as well. That is one of the main points of controversy. We do know by 8 00 that night that the city is starting to become widely in gulf engulfed in flames. Then ison street be the epicenter of a lot of the fires. When the fire start, one of the other problems feeling this is the drunkenness of the Union Soldiers. A lot of the country planners had sent their alcohol to the city of columbia for safekeeping. The stockpiles had been looted and rated and freely passed out. In thea total breakdown command structure of the union army in the city. The soldiers and officers of all grades were drunk on duty. At that point, the fires are going and the looting is going. There are many accounts of Union Soldiers with torches going to different buildings. Some of this was intentional, such as the story with the First Baptist church of columbia. Local history, the Union Soldiers came to find First Baptist church to burn because it was a newly built sanctuary that could see the about 1000 people, the largest structure for that type of Seating Capacity in the city. Initially held the Secession Convention in the city. This thought the man on the street and asked him where First Baptist church was located. He pointed down the street at another church building. It ended up being washington Street Methodist Church. The Union Soldiers went over there to burn it, thinking was possibly First Baptist church. Happens tothey asked be the caretaker of First Baptist church and he did not want to see that property destroyed. We do know according to the pastor at washington Street Methodist Church at the time that the soldiers tried three times to set fire to the church until they finally were successful at doing it. It was definitely more of an intentional act. We do know there were seven Church Structures throughout the city of columbia burned that night. Sometime around 3 00 a. M. , the fires start dying down. The winds shifted back toward the burnt district, so that pacifiers things. A majority of the nights activities are finished. The next morning, the union troops come back in with fresh troops that are not in the. Inebriated and arrested a lot of people involved in the drinking and the chaos the night before for a simple court marshaling. They quickly restore order within the city. The devastation is extremely widespread. Pretty much all main street is gone. A third of the city has been destroyed at this point. , little over 2500 dwellings which would be houses or businesses with housing attached. The number in todays terms would be about 544 million worth of destruction. In union troops stay columbia for a few days and then exit out on february 20, basically leaving destruction behind them. The civilians are really having to fend for themselves at this point. They really have to pick themselves up literally by the bootstraps and keep moving forward. There is not a red cross for them coming in. There really having to rely on the goodness of others who did not have their homes and belongings burnt and really come together as a community. The rebuilding process does start pretty quickly in 1866. You can see those reconstruction buildings start to pop back up. The events of february 17 definitely helped to shape the environment, helped to shape the columbia story. It helped to shape the places and the people who lived here. Even though this event occurred almost 150 years ago, it has still shape the landscape when it comes to visit the city, whether you see the stars on the statehouse, the main streetrichardson street area, or if you are walking in the vista and you see the signs about the train station or the wayside hospital and its destruction, or the Printing Press thats now a grocery store. All these places have been shaped and impacted by these events on february 17. When you come back to the city, you still get to have that kind of columbia is definitely a city that is an is not held back by its past and move forward with lots of business and growth jackson in the communities. It is a city filled with life today. From 18371957. Flame claim to during the civil war, there was a lot of infrastructure that existed. The aren works is one of the few remaining structures that andted before the civil war existed for decades after. The history the company was running into financial trouble. West point graduate. He was brought in as a purchasing agent. Kind of a Sales Manager and running their financial books. He purchased it out right. Industry,s a small but as creditor to a point they were the Third Largest in the United States and the largest in the south and richmond was the Industrial Hub of the confederacy. Workforce the primary came over and helped design it. Another side of the workforce was industrial slaves sometimes the owners would purchase slaves and sometimes they would rent slaveowners. Foreigners in some irishmen alongside native american and enslaved africanamericans. It was a family operation. It became a company run by stockholders. Arthur andersen died in 1918. His son took over the families that stayed here cherishing every generation. Initially, they were making small iron implements. They were started to make the likes. When he came aboard he helped diversify their output. He talked the stockholders into producing cannons. Produce approximately 40 locomotives. By 1860, there were the largest ironworks in the southern state. Richman was the Industrial Hub of the Southern States and that is one of the reasons why the federal government relocated their capital. When the civil war actually they offer tolly buy out right. They saw him as a capable switchedn it largely and to wartime cannery anything that the southern railroads needed to keep the war for going. For one case, you had a lot of skilled workers being drafted into the confederate army. Other problem was as the union of the routest were quickly dwindling. They lost a good source of 10 and copper. Creditors ability to ship its products out was affected by advances in the union army. Some parts, the cow now canal. , blood partsvanced of the canal and railroad. They ceased1865, operations. In april when the union army was advancing to they were actually spared any destruction. Its machinery was able to resume operations after the war ended. When the union army came into richmond, joseph Reed Anderson and a lot ofy other family members were working and they had to receive pardons from Andrew Johnson in order to get clemency and gain ownership. He summer they were able to pick up operations where it left off. They had to repair a lot of equipment. Their words some retooling of some things. To get intole operations quickly. Cannery afterduce the civil war. There was a significant Railroad Boom across the United States and they became one of the main suppliers of the relevant industry. Turnofthecentury, the entire complex spend about 23 acres in that included a number where some ofps became one ofers their primary sellers as well. Nd they had everything as the 20th century advanced, there were still making a lot of railroad equipment. There were not making cannons anymore, but in 1898 they. Tarted making omissions again that continued on world war i and world war ii and beginning of world war i onward, their primary source of income was government contract omissions. By that time, a lot of the industry had converted to steal. Whenever any of his successors thought about solving installing steel furnaces, plans or curtailed. A lot of Industries Worth using steel and steel iron. They remained in operation until 1957. The Manufacturing Company which owns several papal mills body property, shut down the operations and a lot of the machinery was set up over there on a smaller scale. In 1957, they shut down the entire property, but did use some buildings for their Paper Research and development. They got out of the paper mill business and they did not have a sigh further paper mill anymore. Out of all the buildings on the site, only five buildings remained. Foundry,the 1861 gun officespany store, the , the dated back to 1814 former pattern sword building and we have around us the ruins of the boundary. We have the ruins of that today. The remains of it is the home of. Wo civil war museums the National Park service open and inr main service 2006, the American Civil War theer opened up in was once 1868 gun foundry. Athink the ironworks as significant legacy, owing to its civil war impact. Thecan interpret held confederacy to a lot of victories. It was also the chief employer in the error area. Trafficker you can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country that cspan. Org. This is American History tv only on cspan3. Monday night on the communicators. Decided there was a column in championing average people and challenging the companies to serve those people. First i think all kinds of new ways of driving cars. We have a taste of it, but we are going to see a lot more in all kind of enjoy on. Watch the indicators monday night at 8 00 eastern on cspan2. Journalns washington live everyday with policy issues that impact you. Coming up monday morning, james yeltsin discusses how public and Health Care Reform legislation might impact insurance plans. And the week ahead for congress in the white house. Be sure to watch cspans washington journal monday morning. Join the discussion. We will talk about the civil war ships in hampton road. The Civil War Institute organized this event. Good afternoon, everyone. Mp carmichael it is a pleasure to welcome laura. Laura is a graduate of penn state university. During her summer, she spent