My son and im proud just as proud that im your father. That was my hero. I tell you a quick story. [laughter] got to be quick. I got my first 100,000,000 contract and i called my father and i said you dont have to work anymore. I make enough for both of us. He said i dont want your damn money. I have my own money. I said you have a terrible job, why dont you give that up . He said, listen, i gave them 35 of the beast years of my life. Now, im going to give them a few of the bad ones. [laughter] [applause] it has been a tremendous honor for me to share this stage with two of the greatest men. I wont say basketball player, football player, those are just things that you happen to be great at doing. The greatest citizens of this country that i ever had the pleasure of being associated with. Thank you very much. With live coverage of the u. S. House on cspan and the senate on cspan2, here on cspan 3 we complement that coverage. Cspan 3 is the home to American History tv, including six unique series the civil wars anniversary visiting battlefields and museums to discover what artifacts reveal about the past. The presidency looking at the policies and legacies of the commanders in chief. Lectures in history delving into the past and our new series real america. Cspan 3 created by the cable tv industry and funded by your local satellite or cable provider. Like us on facebook or follow us on twitter. The earlieriest account we have of his first vision occurred in a book that he began writing in 1832. He wrote a personal history about his life at that point. In this 1832, he told about the history. He had clerks who were writing for him and printed for him when we finish with the project. We will have about two dozen printed volumes of 500 pages a piece. This weekend learn about the history of salt lake city, utah. History bookshelf features popular American History writers and arizona history tv every weekend at this time. Neck, ins discusses her book defiant brides. Louisic flubbinger married henry knox. Peggy shippen married Benedict Arnold. She describes the lives of the military lives who followed their husbands throughout the war and endured struggles struggles that stystruggles thatstruggles thatstuart says has been overlooked. It is a pleasure to be here in this historic place. I guest the ghosts of history are visiting here tonight. People often can you ask, can you hear me now . People ask how i wrote an 80,000word book and one is curiosity and the other is coincidence. Curiosity because i knew from the earlier book the warren book that there were 2. 5 Million People that were alive during the American Revolution. Im sure you can name at least five maybe 10 men who were significant figures in the revolution. Can we try . George washington, john adam, himmel on the franklin, hancock, both adams, john and sam, daniel morgan. Im sorry . Robert morris. Nathaniel green, right, patrick henry. We can go on and on. How many women can you name who were important . One, two, wait wait. Abigail adam, Martha Washington are margaret corbin, betsy ross that is six, were not going to get up to 10, are we . [inaudible] [laughter] that is another issue. She would not have an interesting memoir if we could get it. There were million women at least who were witnesses or involved in the revolution but we dont know that much about them. The accounts that we have from those who are left, from those we know they are very few. We know women when the british was marching up we know women threw hot oil on them. We only have scraps. Aside from the women you mentioned, this was a real frustration to me. I was curious. I said there has to be more account and there has to be correspondence. That is how i began writing the book. Coincidence and coincidencal in my research, there was two women five years apart, if not tory centralist neutralist, both of them defied their parents and married these patriots. When i discovered these women i thought i had to follow this book. Without if you are further adieu it became defiant brides the untold story of two revoltutionary era woman and the radical men they married. Im not going to dwell on this but the first one was the boston brunette lucy fliucker and she marred the henry knox and then Peggy Shippen married Benedict Arnold. Their lives were changed as a result of the marriages. One bride became a patriot, the other bride became a spy. Since you are all knowledgeable about the American Revolution so im going to bore you by going through this. In the 1760s there was there rumblings of revolution. Not that we were looking for independence but we wanted things to get better between the americans and the british and this is the famous acts, among them the stamp act being very important and the townson revenue act was another inflammatory. Then, of course, the boston massacre in 1770. At that point, the funds of liberty who were gathering and disappearing and the idea of protests had died down when this happened and then there was a resurge of people and we started talking about independence. Again, im not going to go through the list here but as you know the various aspect, particularly the tea party. We were talking about revolution at that point. Boston at the time was the wealthiest and, well the busiest port in the colonies and it is probably no coincidence that is where the cradle of revolution began. Of course, we have the Boston Tea Party here and here is the engraving of that era. We have them dumping the tea into the boston harbor. This one illustrates the salve ranges savages who were the american, the tea is being poured down his throat by the british. We dont have psychologists then but we did not have froats but we had terrific portrait artists and this is lucy fluckers father. He was crown appointed affluent position. What do you think about him from this portrait . Very stern. Very stern, yes. To say the least, he was not tolerant of anything that had to do with anything about radical patriots. We dont know much about her mother but she was an heiress to land in maine. It is part of the huge track that lucys mother and she was to be heir to that eventually. Lucy met this garage, henry knox. Has is an early picture. He was tall, unusually tall for that time, he was 63. His father was a ship master but died and left henry an orphan at the age of 12. He had to drep drop out of school. He became a printer on his own. He opened the bookstore with books from brit britain at that time, where all the young men and women would con congregate, including john adams. Lucy was 16. She saw them not too far from her parents townhouse and she fell madly in love with him. This did not go over well with her parents. Henry, not only being poor and midmiddle class but a patriot. They told her, if you marry him you will always be poor. Lucy is a combination of rosie odonnell, Oprah Winfrey rolled into one. She is brainy, bookish and strong winded. She fell madly in love with him and he with her so they married on june 16, 1774 in kings chapel. Sorry, 1764 im still wrong it is 1774 and here is a modern picture. You have been to boston, you see that kings chapel is still there. A few months later lexington and concord broke out. At that point, the relationship between the flucker and lucy and henry desinner the grated completely. It continued all spring but to make matters worse general thomas gage was a good friend of lucys father and he thought henry being brainy and young and energic and quite intelligent that he would make a terrific british soldier. He forbid henry to leave boston, which at that time was occupied. Henry and lucy didnt like that. So they one night lucy quilted his sword into her cape and they got on a horse and escaped from boston to the army camp washingtons camp in cambridge. Lucy ended out in the western part of the state and lenry joined the army. Henry had all of these wonderful books in his bookstore but he did not have them with them but him being an ingenious fellow with almost a photographic memory. Washington became impressed with this and he wrote lovely letter from henry bragging about how washington and the other generals were really impressed. At age 26 he appoints henry a colonel in the army. He becomes a close friend and he is invited for dinner in cambridge and lucy who is quite pregnant is also invited to meet Martha Washington and they become lifelong friends. Here is a much later picture of henry. I think this is flattering. This is 1803. This is flattering, i think. Ok, this is [laughter] this is probably a little diminished. We have the cannon here because being chief of artillery, he was in charge of all the gunnery and the use of those. Some of you may be familiar with the military history. But henry gets to weigh 290 pounds. Lucy is not far behind. [laughter] but they have this wonderful relationship, this love affair that goes on and on. There are 8,500, this is approximate but close digitized letters, many who are related to lucy. The beautiful love letters between them. She writes to him, too. They are a passionate couple with each other all throughout their lives. Washington had a chore in mind for henry. He said i think you need to go and pick up some guns and cannons, 43 cannons, 16 heavy guns. You know the story this audience will know the story but everyone had to learn about this in their High School History class about how henry went up there and how he first it was snow then it was mud then they broke through the thin ice and they got more snow and then they got these 43 cannons and heavy guns to cambridge. This is probably a more modern rendition and they are more modern pictures. Lucy was not happy. Lucy is a drama queen. Her parents did abandon her soon after this. She is not happy. Her parents are not writing to her in her safe houses even though she is writing to them. She is pregnant, she doesnt know if henry is going to survive going to the northern reaches of new york state. She does not know if he is going to be attacked by indians or british soldier or disease or what. She writes to him and she is hysterical. All throughout the road he writes her. The three weeks he thought takes her 58 years. She is quite pregnant. She is not happy. These are examples of some of the letters, i think they are beautiful. She writes that he is always in her thoughts, whose image is deeply imprinted on my heart. This is one moment of lucidity, she writes he is a man that i love too much for my own peace. It continues on his side. He writes that his signature conflict is he wants to render his devoted country every service in his power, the only objection is that this separates this from my earthly happiness. He calls the charmer of my soul. They are just beautiful letters. Anyway, as you know, he does return and he becomes a hero. Those guns help for the evacuation of the british. Lucy has her baby. Henry is a hero. The only problem is all of the tories a leaving boston. Many are fleeing on ship either to britain or to canada. Among them, her parents. They never write to her goodbye. They just leave, she never sees them again. Now, while henry is in just a slight deviation but it relates to the story. While he is up there, the conditions are rough. He is lodged in a little, Little Cottage with a prisoner. He is brilliant. He is a ferocious warrior. He is highly cultured. The two of them, henry and andre spend the night talking. They are up all night. Anyway, i think he you know about this man. Benedict arnold was a traitor. He traded in west indes. He made a lot of money. He was handsome, charming and an incredibly brave warrior. He was involved in a battle, which i dont have up here, his left leg was severely injured. Afterwards you probably know if you know any military history it was grill yantsz what he did to save not only his soldiers but to keep from them taking over that part of new york, which buzzwasimportant. Most importantly in saratoga and he was the hero of saratoga even though sergio took credit for that. During that battle in saratoga, that same leg is so severely injured that the doctors want to amputate it. Arnold says no. He spent five months in an upstate military hospital. His leg is in this boxy contraption and his health is ruined. It takes him a couple of years to fully regain his stamina. By the time he leaves there he is hobbling around, one leg is shorter than the other perm innocently. This is Benedict Arnold and well, it is a funny thing. He happens to know lucy knox. When he comes to boston, two years in a row he comes to boston. He falls in love with another boston gal. Lucy being the social eleist becomes the gobetween. Flash forward here and talk about the end of valley forge. Lucy is pining to be with henry. She writes him letters, why wont you let me come to the army camps and he refuses. She was in new york when the british invaded and that was a fiasco for her. Finally at the end of the awful winter, when the roads have cleared, when the reinforcements are there, the brit yish is in british is there and he says you can come if you can find your way. Benedict arnold cant ride a horse but he is still washingtons fighting general. Benedict arnold is known as the hero, which if you have been to the saratoga battle field you know that is a section of it. He is revered by his men. He dozen other things that the other sections of the army cant. He fed, clothed his men on all of these battles and congress, guess what, havent paid him back. He has lost a lot of money, a lot of his fortune his health is ruined and he doesnt think washington has stood up for him because he is finally made a Major General it is long after younger men with not as much distinguished service and it is not publicly announced. He is pretty upset with washington. He is upset with congress. He is not sure that things are so good with the revolutionary idea. He brings lucy in a stagecoach. There is a wonderful comment from green who looks at the sort of reunion on of lucy and henry and says this is a perfectly married couple. Meanwhile, british has been occupied and andre has been set free and he is involved in social events. Philadelphia is a winter camp, a playground for the british. They occupy for nine months. He organizes and helps the others organize balls and hunts and gaming things and, of course there are other well, less shall we say proper things but it has become a playground for the british. There are loads and loads of imported goods in philadelphia. It has become a miniature london. The quakers of philadelphia, the patriots who did not flee are horrified at the behave of these men who are on recreation break. Just absolutely horrified. So it goes. Now the last of the big event there, before the british leave in the same year while lucy and Benedict Arnold arrived at valley forge is the grand event to celebrate the departure of the general. Heres andre whoops lets go back. Lets go back here. Heres andre dressed in his regaleregalia and here is one of his friends. This is a slightly caricatured view with that hair perhaps not that municipal. If you read the literature, fashionable women had eight foot hair dos. Peggy is the daughter of a wellknown judge, judge shippen. If you know the pennsylvania area, the shippenburg and a shippenburg community college. They were already prom nentsz in politics and business in philadelphia. Peggy is beautiful. She is 16 and 17. The soldiers have taken her to balls, they called her the handsomeest woman in america. She is dazzled by all of this and she is 16 and 17 and she is loving it. Then the british leave and she is not looking forward to the dull patriot guys who are going to come in. Was she a sweet heard of andre . Historians ask that a lot, yes she preserved a lock of his hair but his real girlfriend was a friend of hers. But he escorted them to balls and they were good friends and attended many, many events together. The british do evacuate philadelphia and the patriots come back in. Weve been talking about portraits. Now, here is peggys father judge edward shippen. I wonder what you get about this portrait about the man. Some people think he is cagey. History shows that is what he is. He played both sides. When the patriots were there he wanted to protect his position as a judge. When the british came in, he entertained them in his drawing room and he said you never know which side is going to win. He had to look out for himself. So when the patriots came back in afterwards, he now embraced them. He is what historians call a neutralist. He is not alone 20 30 of americans were not sure if this revolution was a good idea. Peggys mother was margaret francis. I dont know a lot about her. There is not a lot from peggy about her mother but she loved her mother. Now beg by was daddys little girl. She was pretty, brainy, sensible loved clothes like any Wellborn Young woman would in the social world. She also was another willful person. I dont know. I think she is a combination on Hillary Clinton and maybe grace kelly or Lindsay Lohan or amanda seyfried. When she did not get her way she had a great technique. She would scream and yell, she would stop eating, her health would decline and her family would give in. That is what she did and she was very good at it. Now enter arnold who becomes the commander of the city. He cant ride a horse. He cant go into battle. We need teeth in philadelphia. Poor philadelphia yans, first there was the patriots then the british, then the patriots. The city was in turmoil. There were many buildings that were ruined. Food was not in great supply. They needed a strong peacekeeper and arnold thought this was great for him. He couldnt be in the field. He would collect his small salary in the army, retain his position get his health back, and by the way skim off the goods that were left, the english goods and use some of the federal profits a reclaim the money that Congress Never paid him back for. Now, peggy and he meet socially. He loves to live high. He rides around in a stagecoach. He is hobbling around on a jeweled, white cane. He is dressed in fuel regalia and he entertains the ladies and they swoon over him. He is a great military hero, however, however, there are rumblings that everything he is doing is not exactly honor. Nevertheless peggy wants to marry him and he has proposed to her. Judgeshippen has a few qualms. Now, rather rumors about what he did back in new haven that this was not the person of the highest cart despite his brilliance as a military commander. Peggy insists that once again there are stories if she did not marry him that she would fallen into a dancing furry so she does marry him in 1779 in april. But there is a cloud hanging over the marriage and that is because the patriots have gotten wind of the fact that he has not been dealing exactly fairly with the american the new American Government and the goods and basically, he is corrupt. So arnold is very charming and brilliant and he said if you dont believe that im honest makelet me have a trial. A Court Martial of my own peers. The family cannot believe this wonderful military hero has done anything wrong. The shippens closed ranked around him at this time. I love this quote because it is telling of peggys cousin. What demon has possessed the people with regard to general arnold. He is certainly much abused, ungrateful monsters to attack a character that has been looked up to. Well lets think about spy craft because spy craft was alive and well at that time. There was over 500 spies that we know about and about 150 at least have been documented and named. Spy craft on both sides had many active spies. Some were women most were probably men. Spy craft was a pretty advanced by then. There is a number of tech fleches for techniques for it. They had a lot of numbers in it. All you did was look at blackstones law book and you would track down as we try to indicate here and you get the word and you paste it together and you get a message. Another one is symbols for different things. Finally, there is invisible ink which i cant illustrate here. Story. Sorry. [laughter] if you held a light over the letters or you can dip it in acid and there would be an a and the invisible ink would come up. You might say the old lady is waiting for you meaning another signal. There was that also. There was a lot of different sophisticated methods, there were spies and there were agents. Some were novels and some were nonfiction books. The common one is that she was a gorgeous sexual siren. She married when she was 18. She was corrupted by his views and it was he one month after he is married is communicating with a spy through the british in new york. You can find novels and some films on it and videos on it. The other view is that she is a poor, innocent thing. She is 18 and she does not know any better. She is basically and totally innocent after this betrayal to not only america but to her. The truth is beyond that and we will get to that in a minute. Meanwhile, timeline because im looking in the book at one woman who they both married radical patriots. Why does one woman remain patriotic and the other remain a traitor . We have lucy following henry through the army camps and one of the camps was near middle brook. Henry had a dream about military college. He felt the students were not well trained and he create admit college. Let me go back to that. In new jersey and this is the First Military college. What happens later in west point. This is a rendition of what that looked like. There were barracks and a Training Ground there partnership was just here, which is where lucy and henry lived. It looks bigger than it is. It is a very small cottage. They rented it from i guess he donated it. He was obviously a patriot to lucy and henry. Lucy is pregnant again with a child. Lucy indeed, becomes pregnant every year as she follows henry through the army camps and here she has her second child julia. She does pretty well, like within a month or so she is off to middle brook. She is watching a Major Military display in honor of the french minister. She comes back to this house and within a week, she has hepatitis. The baby soon gets help pie hepatitis and the baby dies. Lucy goes on to have all together she has 13 children. Yeah, ultimately only three survive to adulthood. Some die from accidents some die from disease, a number die as babies, some die in earlied a less accidents. She only has henry and she wants to replace that family with a large family of their children and it is pretty tragic. Now, 1780, arnold is recovered his leg is recovered and washington wants him in the field and to take over the left flank of the army. Arnold was in touch with the british. He had already given hints more than hints tips to the british just before that, the tips he gave resulted in the conquest by the british of charleston. He has a problem which is they dont want to give him the money he wants. He wants 20,000 pounds minimum. That is well more than 1 million in todays money. The british wonder if he is a double agent. His general andre is not sure so there are letters that go back and forth. The argument goes back and forth about the money. One of the people who passes is papers is none other than peggy. This is proved later in history finally proved in the early 20th century. Peggy helps with passing those letters and perhaps more. We do not know all of what she did. Anyway what their plan is, if he will be appointed and he argues with washington about this. Washington cannot understand why he wants to be the commander of west point. Obviously, today it was a Strategic Point on the hudson and the ports around it, not in great shape but at an 90degree angle and if the british capture that they can separate the patriots from new england and the patriots from the south. The supply routes and many of the recruits as well. It is important that it be protected, washington later called west point the key to the country. But anyway, or told complains he does not want to go in the field and every time it is mentioned he started hobbling a little more. Washington finally gives in and appoints him. Arnold is delighted and his plan with peggy is she will live in the house with him for a month or two after she arrives then he will meet with an gray secretly on the hudson. Fill him in on all of the important papers and maps so british can accomplish america quickly, end the war, this is arnolds rational and there wont be any more people dying and well go back with this great power of britain and peggy and he will exit with the british and go to new york and collect their 20,000 pounds and he will be made a general of the british arm and all will be well. Things dont go that way. You may know the story and i want to leave time for questions here. Let me just say that there are a serious of coincidences and unlucky breaks or lucky breaks in some cases, in which, yes andre and arnold meet but it gets to be towards dawn on the shores of the hudson. Some other things happen and andre has no choice but to go with arnold. Before he went, clinton said to him, there are three things you have to avoid. One, you will not get in disguise. Number two, you will not go into Enemy Territory, number three you will not collect any incriminating papers. It doesnt work out that way. Andre finds himself in arnolds hands, i wont say clutches. Finds himself captive essentially because it is almost dawn. He has to go into this Enemy Territory where he is hidden for a while. He has to change out of his british uniform into disguise, clothes, and ultimately, arnold gives him to an assistant and says deliver him back to the british but not before i give you crucial papers that show the map of west point give you the details of the army and so on. So just before the assistant takes him towards the border, it is now safe british territory. The assistant says, youre ok and andre thinks he is fine and they say goodbye to each other. Andre is in disguise. Andre has treasonous papers in his boots and just as he crosses into the town by his horse, he is captured by three men and he is brought to the military headquarters and arnold is back at the home in west point waiting for washington to arrive. All he thinks is, well, but nobody could even dream that or told would have been a traitor. So one of the military officers who has andre in captivity sends arnold sending him a letter, saying guess what we have a spy here. That is all arnold needs. Andre is, of course, captured as a common spy. Andre, this is a picture of him the night before his death. His own rendition. This is a pour, this is the best i can do before he is hung. I will come back to that in a moment. Arnold, meanwhile, receives this letter about an hour or two before washington is to arrive at his home. People who were already there were hamilton, knox, and lafayette. If washington sent them ahead because he said aknow youre in love with Peggy Shippen and you want to have breakfast with her. She is upstairs and arnold dashes upstairs when he receive this is letter about andre and he says, weve been found out and i have to leave. He escapes having his men at gun point row his men of war to the vulture and one story said it was one vulture meeting another. Andre, as i say is hung on october 2, 1780. Peggy is in the house. She is upstairs. She is what we all the today a person of interest. She has to think fast. What can she do . She is 20 years of age. She has an infant son with her. She can only do one thing and that is to pretend she is completely innocent and she must go insane from the shock of the betrayal and it is the performance of her life. For two years she yells and screams and she rips her hair and takes her off her clothes and she pretends she cant see anything nearby. Arnold is gone. She thinks what has he done . Washington is convinced she has gone in sane from the shock of this betrayal. Hamilton writes about poor peggy. Knox is taken in and so is lafayette. You can read the documentation on it. It is a performance of a lifetime. So peggy is allowed to go back via stagecoach to her parents in philadelphia with the baby. Arnold has escaped to new york city. But peggy gets there, her parents, of course, and they spend the next 100 years defending her innocence. This goes on. For 100 years and you can read them, they start in 1890, 18998 1900 about her innocence but the patriots do not agree. The patriots find one letter she has written to andre, which is a social letter but is probably in code. They discover this and they tell her father that she is to be exiled. So her father takes her to the shores of the hudson with her baby and watch her from new jersey sail to new york city to be reunited with Benedict Arnold. By the way, it is just around the time she arrives in philadelphia that she hears about andre being hanged. I will also mention to you that clinton, of course, who loves andre, would love to there is talk about exchanging arnold for andre, right . He cant. If he gives arnold back, what will happen to the other spies . They will never want to work for him so andre is hung. These are just a few of the political cartoons. You see this one with arnold and the devil and the pot of gold and another person helping. It is known he lovings money loves money and he is greedy. This is one of the many floats that went by. This one from philadelphia, i believe. We have arnold here, two faced money bag and the devil. This effigy is burned near the ship and household. There are riots all over the country. Not only was the country what we call today red alert. Who knew what else he told the british and if there were to another attack but, you know where was this going . So the gravestones in arnolds hometown were thrown over and desecrated by his father and brother and other things. Arnolds name is stricken from all military records. If you go to the library of congress or military history you will not niend his name. I think there was in the 1900s there was many who one who did did a left boot who helped win in saratoga so he was stricken from the records. These are two pictures. This one is pat of it is on the front of my book. This is peggy later in life in england and this is her son. She has five surviving children but this is her son surviving in these days. We dont have, to my dismay a lot of images of lucy. In fact, this is the only one we have. It is probably it is a silhouette of course. There is a lot of talk about lucy wearing her hair like a tricorner hat. Her husband becomes secretary at war then secretary of war. Lucy loves fashion and this is one silhouette of her. The story goes that Gilbert Stewart tried to paint her but she did not like it or it did not come out well. Im not sure. There is a lot of comments about lucy in history and one that i love is that she is eocentric in character. Well just to round this off, in American History these women they are almost forgotten, they are footnotes to history and, yet, they are witnesses and when you read their correspondence and you know what life is like on the other side of the battlefield. Some people have asked me where i did my research and these are the major places. Im so thankful to the Guild Society because they digitized 8,500 plus letters. I did not have to read them in micro film. That would have taken me many lifetimes and many other places of interest and one of them was of course, the germ general knox museum. So that is i wanted to see what would happen with the evolution of these women, not just during the revolution but how they matured through the sweet face, passionately devoted wives, which they were into mature devoted wives. What they learned and what they tolerated and where the marriages took them. I want to leave them with one comment and that the i love the comment from Peggy Shippen arnold where she writes to her sister and says marriage is but a lottery. Thank you very much. [applause] now, if you have any questions i will try to answer them but i cant promise. Yes. Both women outlived their husbands. Lucy outlived her husband knox died in 1806 and lucy lived to 1824. She was so devoted to him her whole life and everything were encapsulated around him. It is sad what happens to her. Passionately intertwined. Peggy, also outlives her husband. He dies in 1804 and he died in 1800. She is the mother of five of his children and she is determined to restore his character. The british dont like people without good character. He never did mistake out too well but peggy and he was a good general, must like knox. They were lousy businessmen. So she val lenly spends the next four years of her life paying back his debt, living in a smaller house to restore his name and then she dies of uterine cancer. Thank you. Any other questions . Yes, sir. How does arnold afford to buy [inaudible] how did he buy it . We dont know. There is a lost of things about arnold finances that we dont know. Maybe he borrowed money and maybe he called the french minister for loans. Mount pleasant was a gift to peggy because judge shippen did not think he was weltedy enough. So it was a security. They never lived there. It is in fair mount park in philadelphia. It was a rental property. That is the best i can give you on