Not been updated since 1986. In the interim, there have been court set of said police have to get a warrant before they get things like email or private facebook messages. This would put that protection into the law. That is really what our main concern is, to make sure that Electronic Communications are same level ofthe protection, not an extra level of protection beyond what you would expect in your home. Watch monday night at 8 00 eastern on cspan2. All we can, American History tv is featuring las vegas, nevada. In 2015, over 21 million tourists visited the city of las vegas. To city tour staff recently visited many sites showcasing the citys rich history. Learn more all weekend here on American History tv. Professor green a lot of people have this image of las vegas that we always blow up buildings. And we have blown up a lot of hotels, casinos on the strip and build new ones. This building was just about vacant in the late 1990s and the federal government was about ready to let it come down. The mayor at the time had been an attorney who represented a lot of figures connected to or allegedly connected to the mob. He said, no, this is where i first practiced law at my first case. Its an important building historically. Lets save it. It was a threestory building built in 1933. Today, it houses one of the nations leading museums certainly in our opinion of organized crime and Law Enforcement. The role that they played throughout United States history, but especially the 20th and early 21st centuries and in the development of las vegas. Whether las vegas likes it or the rest of the world likes it, the mob played an Important Role in our development. Where we are now is the centerpiece of our museum. This is the courtroom on the second floor of the building and really the historical motivation, if you will, for having this museum. Senator Estes Kefauver and other senators conducted hearings on organized crime in america. They went to 14 cities and the smallest city by far that they came to was las vegas. They spent an afternoon here and in this room up there in fact, they questioned various local casino operators and executives. So wilbur clark, he testified, bill moore who was on the Nevada Tax Commission and kefauver was aghast at the notion that you could have people who were involved in organized crime elsewhere could possibly come here and be legitimate businessmen. He said that as a case study in legal gambling, nevada speaks eloquently in the negative. Well, the problem with this was in fact, it was legal here, whereas in other cities, you were shut down and the kefauver hearings are important in American History. He had been elected to the senate by attacking one of the most corrupt political machines in the country in memphis and he had great ambitions. He wanted to be Vice President or president and going after organized climate going after democratic operatives. Organized crime was big in the cities. So was the democratic party. Do you chicago at the example, people were the daily machine were working with these people not necessarily with any particular vice in mind, other than getting ahead politically. That is what kefauver wanted to do. It does end up making him a household name. He ends up being the democratic Vice President president ial nominee in 1956. What is interesting is around the country, people around the country react to the kefauver hearings and they say, my god, this is terrible. Weve got to get rid of organized crime. Where are they going to go to operate casinos legally . Las vegas. In the 1950s, las vegas became the beneficiary of the hearings because of the numbers of people who came here to work in or operate casinos. These hearings are incredibly popular because it is the first big daytime tv show. In prime time at the time you have milton berle and Jackie Gleason starting out, and you have various shows. Daytime, not so much. So these hearings are being watched and cities around the country. Interestingly enough, not in las vegas because las vegas does not get a tv station until 1953. Seeing these people on tv, these mobsters, gangsters, accused killers, reduced a lot of the perception of them as robin hoods, people who robbed from the rich and gave to the poor, they were not such bad people. And hollywood had created an image, if you will, of mobsters that maybe they were not so bad or some of them who were really bad, at least they got put away, you did not deal with them. This changes perceptions of organized crime in america. And so, it is a popular show. It is a riveting show. And it is also a transformative show. The hearings were a success and a failure. They were a failure in the sense that organized crime survives and illegal activities go on in the cities and areas where they are being driven out. Where it does serve the intended purpose, kefauver is a moral reformer. He wants change. And there is change that results. You can trace the trajectory from kefauver into the 1960s with Bobby Kennedy going after or has crime in his brothers administration and the 1970s to the rico acts. In that way it is a success. Kefauver hoped that these hearings would make him a National Figure and they did. Did they take him as far as he wanted to go . No. But they certainly made him more powerful. And partly i think there was satisfaction among democratic politicians who were connected to these guys in one way or another. It also made kefauver more hated. The secondfloor talks about las vegas and the development of organized crime both locally and internationally and nationally in the 1940s, 1950s and the 1960s. In 1931, the state of nevada legalized gambling and in the 1940s legalized offtrack betting. Here are things that organized crime has been doing illegally. Here was possible for them to come and run legal casinos. And at the time las vegas was a new enough community the auction and the to the creation of the town of las vegas was in 1905 there is not an establishment here where they would have to break in. Other cities, like reno, for example, being 40 years older than las vegas, was a more established community. The land was cheap and plentiful and what was important it was accessible to southern california, where not only did organized crime have some interest, but the l. A. Area was always booming. There were people who wanted to drive to las vegas and here was all of this money waiting for them to make it. When we talk about las vegas as wideopen, it actually can mean a couple of things. One is it was wide open to the mob, to illegal gamblers, to come in here. Now that suggests that organized crime itself was not that organized. When in fact yeah, there were guys in charge helping to broker disputes. But if you go down the strip, you would find people coming in from new york, miami, houston, cleveland, cities throughout the United States. In that sense, it was wide open for people to come in. The other thing is that because of the city they developed, because of the entertainment, the gambling, because of the image of las vegas, it struck people as this wideopen, wild place. One writer, mark cooper, said you come to las vegas to certify you are an adult. What are you doing to certify you are an adult . You are doing things that suggest you are wide open. The case im in front of take you through the development of organized crime and gambling in las vegas from the 1940s to the 1970s. Down below we have a briefcase that belonged to moe, who had driven liquor trucks for bugsy siegel during the prohibition era and was involved in casinos out here. And everything from one of the uniform jackets from the desert inn, that organized crime interests from cleveland operated, to the placemat from the moulin rouge, which was the first integrated hotel and casino in las vegas. Las vegas was a segregated community. And if you were africanamerican, you could not stay in or patronize a strip or Downtown Hotel or casino. Entertainers usually had to stay in West Las Vegas and the moulin rouge, which itself had mob connections, was an attempt to integrate the industry and the community. The casino closed but it helped set standards that contributed to the Civil Rights Movement that would lead to changes in las vegas and around the country. Below that are photos and magazines featuring Frank Lefty Rosenthal. If you have seen the movie casino, Robert De Niro is playing a character supposedly based on him. And he ran the stardust and a couple other casinos on the strip and could never get a gaming license because of his background. The corner here is mostly about the production show at the Tropicana Hotel for nearly half a century. This is one of the outfits that one of the showgirls would have worn and the headdresses can weigh up to 30 pounds, so you really have to be athletic to do this. Joe augusto was helping them. Here in this case, a lot about history was covered. What we have here, in addition to this list of excluded persons, which became known as the black book, because believe it or not, it has always been in a black book. Originally it was a threering binder. In 1960, the state regulatory board created it because they wanted to get a list of people they saw as just too bad to be in casinos. The original list was all italian mobsters, which led to charges, with some justification, that there may have been a little discrimination here. One of the 12 was still alive as of 2016. The guy in the mugshots next the book was anthony who came from chicago, accused of a lot of murders. He was the mobs enforcer on the streets of las vegas in the 1970s and 1980s. In the movie casino, joe pesci plays a character based on him and if you have seen the movie, he meets a violent end and that is how he died. And among other things, he made sure the money got back to chicago in the midwestern cities that controlled the strip during the 1970s and 1980s. It he also had a burglary ring on the street that became known as the hole in the wall gang because they literally blew a hole in the wall of the building they were breaking into. And a right above it, an example of the kinds of donations we get at the museum. An fbi agent named mark casper arrested him in 1983 in las vegas. These are the handcuffs. And in case anybody got a little too interested, the key is there, too, just in case. Well, this is not the greatest exhibit in the museum, but it is part of something that talks a little bit about what the museum does today. When he was chairman of the nevada Gaming Commission. We have on our website and interview i got to do with harry reid, where he talks about his days with the Gaming Commission. It was quite a period for him. He had been through a couple of electoral defeats. He goes on the Gaming Commission and he keeps his name in the news. What he did not suspect was this is when the fbi was really going through organized crime families, state officials are clamping down. So he ends up adding the closure of casinos, dealing with a lot of public controversy. Including a guy pictured right above him, Frank Lefty Rosenthal. He had this confrontation over Frank Lefty Rosenthal for a license. I think you call this great cinema, bad history. But in the course of this, reid had to call the police because something was attached to his car that ended up being something that would blow up his car. He dealt with a few things in his past that might be a little bit rougher than moving stuff on the senate floor. We are on the first floor of the mob museum and once we get through the second floor, the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, national, international connections, we get to how the mob was brought down and what Law Enforcement was doing and then Ways Organized crime spreads beyond where we think it might be. So, for example, right here, thanks to the federal government and the fbi agent in charge here, we were able to get access to wiretaps. What makes these wiretaps possible, what changed was in 1970, Congress Passed rico, and rico is a great acronym if you think of Little Caesar and edward g. Robinson and all of the old gangster movies. And it enables them to go after the mob in less traditional ways. If you think of al capone, the guy who got capone was not j. Edgar hoover or a prosecutor. It was the man who ran the irs. They got him on tax evasion. Now what they will be able to do is bug, wiretap, use evidence against someone, but not necessarily be person who gave the order to hit somebody or do the skimming. It makes it easier for the federal government to get the evidence it needs against these gangsters. Now, this wall has a couple different wiretaps people can listen to and over here is a conversation between alan dorfman and joe lombardo. Joe lombardo was connected to the teamsters, so was dorfman. Dorfman was in charge of the Teamsters Pension fund. He had mob connections through his family, which was close to al capone. Here they are talking about loans the teamsters made. Where the teamsters were incredibly important, with very few exceptions, banks would not lend money to casino operators. The theory being, oh, they are gangsters, are they going to pay it back, are they going to pay it back at the rate we want, should a bank invest with a casino . And there were banks that realized the benefit of lending money. But the teamsters did this and in turn, were able to get skimming operations going. It was dorfman who called to help out a friend of his who ends up coming to las vegas to oversee the skim. The teamsters lend the money to alan glick who becomes the front man running a couple of casinos in las vegas, who worked with the chicago mob. Where this is also important the teamsters and the midwestern families had pretty well replaced new york and miami operators were tied to meyer lansky. They are really the dominant mob presence in las vegas in the 1970s and 1980s. When the federal government through the rico act, when state officials bring down organized crime, its really these people who they get. The organized crime task force, they end up prosecuting the midwestern crime family leaders and dorfman, and dorfman is eventually gunned down because there is a fear he might testify and he knew too much. Indeed alan dorfman was literally the man who knew too much. Now, in this set of wiretaps, there is a i would call it a threat to the attorney for jimmy hoffa and various teamsters leaders. The heading was how he could live to his next birthday. He had a loan to operate the dunes. He was having a little trouble. Representatives of the teamsters were reminding him he needed to pay. Well, we all think of organized crime as violent, and we should, it was very violent. A lot of people depicted in this museum were in the business end. They were skimming money or they were just operating casinos where the profits go to some organized crime people, some who are not connected, and the casinos here are going to find all kinds of things going on nationally and internationally from the drug trade to various Violent Crimes or burglary rings. When somebody leaves this museum, i hope they realize that history itself can be fascinating. Not everybody thinks that, unfortunately. And that the history of organized crime and Law Enforcement is intertwined. There are bad guys on both sides. The good guys are on the Law Enforcement side. Organized crime provided a lot of economic benefit to places like las vegas. People thinking that this is a tribute to the mob are going to have their perceptions changed. That is what i hope they leave with. Announcer our cities tour staff recently traveled to las vegas, nevada to learn about its rich history. Learn about las vegas and other stops on our tour at www. Cspan. Org citiestour. Youre watching American History tv. All weekend, every weekend on cspan 3. Our live coverage of the president ial race continues tuesday night with primaries and six states. California, montana, new jersey, new mexico, and north and south dakota. Than the one between our side of democrats are progress for prosperity, for fairness and opportunity, then the presumptive nominee on the republicans. We are going to win on education, no more common core, bring it down, we want it local. Win with health care. We are going to win at the borders. We have got to redefine what politics means in america. We need people from coasttocoast standing up, fighting back and demanding a government that represents all of us, not just the 1 . Join us live at 9 00 p. M. Eastern for election results, candidates, and your reactions. The fallook ahead at battleground states, taking you on the road to the white house on cspan, cspan radio, and www. Cspan. Org. Up next, we had to Colonial Williamsburg to learn about George Washingtons life after he retired from the presidency. Author Peter Henriques explores his conflicting desires to retire and to continue to be an active player in politics. He reveals that he no washington was retired, he continued to meet with political figures from the district of columbia and often was called on the craft policy. The Colonial WilliamsburgFoundation Hosted this event. Our speaker tonight, dr. Peter henriques lectures widely on subjects related to George Washington and has recorded at least five other lectures for