National hotel which is the hotel were both stated the night before where booth stated before he committed the horrible crime. You can take a look on the floor of this room after you read through the newspapers and place your safe yourself and all the different spots that are being referenced the national hotel, the ford theater, the Peterson House which is where lincoln was taken after he was shot across the street from fords theater. It is the spot where he ultimately died. To the telegraph offices and newspaper row. So you can place yourself in all the significant spots part of the story. The very First Edition is the 2 00 a. M. Addition, the regular edition of the New York Herald, the morning paper at that time. It covered essentially, it is the breaking news. It uses the paper because at that time went a surprise silent attack on someone. It did not necessarily mean someone that would something that resulted in death. So the first paper while you may see the word assassination just reports the shooting. As well as some other tidbits of information. It reports that stewart had been attacked as well. It gives you the first blush of what had gone on that evening. The second edition is an hour later. You can see how swiftly the New York Herald is working to get information to people. The main thing new information it reveals is that they have identified John Wilkes Booth as the assassin. The next edition is an 8 45 a. M. Edition, and it is the first to announce the death of the president. This comes out 90 minutes after the death. So that is really fast. Moving. The telegraph wires were on fire between washington and new york to get that kind of information out and around. Then to get it into the newspaper. One of the exciting things for us and for lincoln scholars everywhere is that this was an edition that was previously unrecorded to modern historians. So it is a paper we have had in our collection for a long time. But we just sort of uncovered its significance during the course of doing research that was helping leaders to creating this exhibit. So it has long been thought there were six editions of the New York Herald, and historians and scholars believed that for decades. But we were able to unearth this from our own collections and bring it t to the forefront for the public and researchers and scholars and historians. The next edition is a 10 00 a. M. Edition. It is interesting for a couple of reasons. It is the first one to have what are called the morning borders. You can see the lines between the different columns of text are wider than they are in all of the prior editions. And that is a function of the printing that was done specifically to signify that the country was in mourning for a reason. Mourn. Not a. M. It was the first to reveal that it was a plot, a conspiracy. He was not just a whim on part of John Wilkes Booth that evening. He was in cahoots with others to pull off this assassination. The fifth one is another 10 00 a. M. Edition. We refer to the additions by the last dateline, the last timestamp piece of information in it. It is the same stines had time stamp but it is still 10 00 a. M. But we refer to it as the 10 00 a. M. Reward edition because it includes information about the reward being offered for the capture of booth and the conspirators. At this point in time, it is offered at 10,000 a significant amount of money at this point int time. As we move through the manhunt for all these people and subsequent days, that reward offer increases to 100,000. Next Edition Comes inafternoon at 2 00 p. M. And it is interesting from one standpoint because this is a point in time where the breaking news moves to the back page of the newspaper. So the front page, they left at the same. Then they started loading in news on to the back page. So the way print is happening at that point in time is that every letter is being laid one by one. So it is not lines of type. It is not you and your computer. It is every single letter being laid in to the the chase, which is what they call the big form that holds all the printing materials. So at a certain point, the front pages full. They cant jam anymore news. There is nothing insignificant left on the front page. Nothing. Theyve moved. Now breaking news is happening on the back page. You do not see the big 10 or. You the big banner. You see a small back page notification. Oddly enough, i think this is the one where they have not managed to change the date. It still says the 14th on the back page, but it is the 15th. They just have not gotten that tidbit changed. But the big news that is revealed to us in the 2 00 p. M. Edition is that the Vice President has been sworn in as the president. The country has a new president. The country as a whole has a new president and it is lincolns successor. There has been a peaceful transfer of power. A unique thing is that we depend on in this country. It was a coup that happened. Therew was not a wrestling for power with the south. Nothing. It was the simple transfer of power peacefully to the next in line. Theres still one more addition thatthe the New York Herald publishes on this day. It is the 3 30 addition and it announces information about funeral preparations. Although that is happening pretty swiftly. But the most striking thing it reports is that booth had been captured, which in fact is not true, because booth is not captured for another 11 days. He is on the lam. And he has successfully evading authorities for a good bit of time. So,. It has false reports in it as well. There were selfreport false reports that secretary of state stewart had been assassinated. They do that throughout. So this last one has that, a false report. Many of the reports in these newspapers come from the ap, the associated press, which we still have today. And it was established in 1846, a conglomerate of five newspapers pooling resources. To make sure that they are getting as much information from around the country as they possibly can. And it really rises to importance during the civil war. You can see it is at the apx of its early significance here. So reporter named lawrence go bright is actually the Ap Correspondent in washington and he is doing most of the reporting. So, much of the original reporting has come from him. Also you see stanton who is the secretary of war giving his official dispatches. And they are recounted in the paper as well. So stanton would go to the telegraph office and dispense information officially coming from the government. And the newspapers would report that as well. I cant purport to know precisely what peoples reactions were, not being there but certainly there are report and subsequent additions of editions of frenzy and despair. This was a much beloved figure, leader in parts of this country. And so, there were certainly a bit of worry and mayhem. In addition to that, because of other reports that the secretary of state had been killed. When he was not killed he was severely i njured. There was uncertainty as to whether this was an attack on this nation from an act of terrorism, a foreign attack, was it some greater plot that was going to result in murder of other individuals in the government . It was unclear, especially just coming off the civil war what exactly this all meant. So, certainly there was this hunger among the citizenry to get as much information as they possibly could. The herald was working to supply that. You will see that things are very similar from edition to ed ition. In the left column of each paper, you see it starts with important and followed by a series of text. And the new information gets loaded in. Columb bynjn by column, with Little Things they feel they can sacrifice or they have gotten new information and new text is loaded in. It is a very physical process. We think of this now as the characters, you have to put them in one by one. That is not what is happening here. You can see spots where there might be a column that starts with a big headline. You never see a banner headline, which i think is fascinating. You do not see anything running across five columns. Lincoln is dead. Which, of course, 100 years later, you see with president kennedy. Those are banner headlines all over. You got to almost look inside to get more details. But that is not what is happening. Technology is not at that spot for banner headlines to run across multiple columns. In the 2 00 p. M. Addition, we also get some reports that the herald has taken from other newspapers. So relied heavily on the ap, lords scroll right lawrence gobright. The official dispatches from stanton, secretary of war. As we keep moving to the day they look to other sources. They look to, i think there are reports from the evening post and the daily chronicle which are local d. C. Papers. Where we get reports of the crime scene which is some interesting information that comes out fo of the chronicle. Then we get the notes from the docotrtor at the bedside witch the herald gets from the washington star. Not in a malicious way. Maybe not overly collaborative but certainly it was with permission. The report from the chronicle, the star, so the information is getting out because that is seen as the most critical thing. In the final addition, we get reports of not just mourning, which we know is gooing on, but people celebrating. It was still the civil war was over and there were still divisiveness within the nation. And not just among the conspirators and booth. There were others who were apparently happy to see the end of lincoln. There were reports of arrests of people celebrating the death. And there are reports that say things like, all happy here from louisiana. So those are interesting little elements that we dont see with the newspapers as your primary source, you get more than you can get in the broader strokes of a history book. Which is nice to be able to let people read for themselves. There were suddenly other newspapers who were publishing and certainly doing additional editions doing extras, but the herald seems to have held the High Water Mark for that kind of the fastest presses the most uptodate. They had a huge number of pressmen, more than any other newspaper that we see recorded. They have a large squadron of reporters. So, they have many resources to be able to make that happen. The New York Herald is the most widely replicated maybe not reproduced but replicated newspaper reporting lincolns ddaeath. So, there are additions that were made as commemorative pieces in the years after the assassination. That come out and are sold at the time not to fake anybody out. They are so just as commemorative pieces. Everybody. At the time knows who what they are getting a compilation of the news from New York Herald on this day. None of them specifically replicate any of the front pages you will see in this exhibit but they utilize that news and the typeface and the information of that ear to serve of that era. Like if he went to the gift shop at the museum and you bought it, it would look old timey but you would be fully or where youre not buying a copy of the constitution. In the intervening 130 years people have come to believe as they are passed on within families that what they have is an actual New York Herald that reports the news of lincolns assassination. In most instances, that is not the case. One of the way we can tell the difference between the replica in the papers is that even in the 15 years after the assassination, paper changed a lot. And these papers that are part of the exhibit, part of the originals, were printed on paper with a high cotton content and a very low wood pulp content. As we progress into the 1890s, and there is much more demand for the penny press, and there is much more hotly contested many more newspapers, and the industry is a lot more hotly contested and everybody is trying to save as much money as they can, they move in the direction of using paper that has a high low cotton content. That high wood pulp content make the paper age rapidly. A paper from the 1880s are in th worst condition we find in our collection as a whole. Emuch of the collection dates from the 1490s to present day. So the 1880s are the worst of it where the wood plulp content is high and they are as old as dirt. They are beginning to crumble and yellow and they are brittle. And they are sometimes really hard to salvage. The papers here still have that nice hot and cotton content. They look good. They do not age in the same way. The qaciacid content is lower. That is what is the case with your newspaper today. Its very acidic and it has the capacity to age rapidly. You let your papers hang around for a couple months and they are already yellowing. It is the same with the papers in the 1880s. Six of seven additions are from the museum permanent col lection. In the course of research and being in touch with scholars to run across a collector who had the edition we did not have. It was a known edition, reviewed by scholars and part of the historic record, but we did not happen to have one. And that is the 3 30 edition. We were able to and the exhibit just as the New York Herald ended it, thanks to a loan from a collector of the 3 30 edition. Few the course of the seven editions that cover the 18 hours immediately following the shooting, it carries you through those hours so that you understand the key strokes of history which we full comprehend today but with much morey nuanced detail along the way that there was a trip to the theater. There was the shooting, the death, a new president was installed, and funeral preparations were in order. One of the things that i hope people comprehend as they move through the exhibit is that they get the understanding of how people at the time were getting news. This is really a moment in time where everything had come together. You can see how this was unfolding for a confused and scared nation, many of whom were coming off a victory. Some of whom were coming away from a crushing defeat. But how they got this information about the assassination and how it was conveyed to them and understood. In addition, we want people to understand the significance of the speed of news at this moment in time. News moves incredibly fast. Nowadays. So quickly between twitter and all of the Electronic Media but this is really a moment in time where everything has come together. The plot refrigeration the ploy for asian of the telegraph. There was an incredible squadron of reporters coming off the war. T capacity of the New York Heraldhe to move so swiftly with a number of pressman they had and the speed of their presses to be able to push this much news out this rapidly. And for it to come to people in that way. So those are among the things we want people to be able to take away from this exhibit. We give them a chance also to take a little stock of where they are in this city and consider that many of these things happened right here right here in this town. And almost right here in this neighborhood. This is also really exciting for us. Our exhibit is open opened on february 13 this year, just right before president s day. And it will run through the early part of next january january 10 of 2016. So there is a good while to see it. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time all seven editions of the herald have been together since they were printed. That sesquicentennial anniversary of the assassination is the reason for the timing of this. Lincoln always fascinates people to this day but this year in particular is important because it marks the 15 anniversary of his assassination0, the first president in our history to be assassinated. It is a really important marking time. You can watch this and other american artifacts programs anytime by visiting our website at the span. Org history. Joint American History tv this coming tuesday, april 14, for live coverage marking the 150th anniversary of president lincolns assassination. On april 14, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth shot president lincoln at fords theater as he sat with his wife mary watching our american cousin. The present was carried across 10th street to the Peterson House where he died the next morning. We will be live from 10th street on tuesday night where fords theatre will recreate the overnight vigil for president lincoln. More than 150 living historians in cost and will keep the candlelight watch on the street, and we will hear their firstperson accounts of the assassination, including reports from eyewitnesses and medical update on the dying president s condition. President lincolns assassination 150 years later, tuesday night, april 14 beginning at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. And on sunday, april 19 at 8 00 a. M. And 10 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv, on cspan 3. Each week, American History tvs reel america brings archival films that help tell the story of the 20th century. From his beloved secondhome in georgia, the body of Franklin Delano roosevelt moved on the first stages of its journey to his final resting place. Scores of sufferers sorrowfully bid farewell to their great friend and benefactor. The president s dog follows his beloved master. Aboard a special train beginning the 20 fourhour trip to washington, the 31st president of the United States leaves warm springs forever. All along the 700mile route people gather to honor president roosevelt and his ideals. Slowly, the train backs in the Union Station in the united aids capital, awaited by a military guard of honor and members of the late, great chief executives family. With Justice Burns and secretary wallace, Harry S Truman heads the assembly of the nations leaders. On the steel artillery caison, escorted by representatives of every trench of the Nations Armed forces, the casket passes grief stricken throngs of people en route from the station to the white house on the steel artillery caison. Warplanes pay a final tribute to the commanderinchief, and officers and men of the mighty armed forces, which he led march in slow measured tread in Franklin Roosevelts honor. Across from the white house in lafayette park, the men, women and children, whom Franklin Roosevelt served so well, watch in tearful silence. Tonight on q a, Senior Editor for the Weekly StandardAndrew Ferguson on his writing career, the gop president ial candidates, and what voters are looking for any candidate. Ferguson they want somebody who looks like hes stood up for them. Im amazed now the degree to which primary voters on both sides are motivated by [indiscernible] the sense of being put upon. Those people really do not understand us. And here is a guy that does understand us and he is going to stick it to them. That happens on both sides Hillary Clinton will do her own version of that kind of thing. And i do not think that was actually true 30 years ago. Resentment is has always been part of politics, but the degree to which it is almost exclusivelyl the the motivating factor in truly committed republicans and democrats. Tonight at 8 00 p. M. On cspans q a. Up next on American History tv biographer David Mccullough talks about president harry truman his event for years in the white house and the missouri influences of his decisionmaking. Mr. David mccullough spoke at Florida Atlantic university. This is 90 minute. I want to take this opportunity to thank you for coming. It is wonderful to see the High School Students and teachers. Ask any history professor to ask what to tell you why he or she chose to be an historian, and im sure youll hear a story about a history teacher in high school. Although i did never know alan b larkin, i am aware of his legacy. Look around. It is because of his love and passion for history and in particular the american presidency that we are here today. Born in 1922 he was part of a generation that made a lot of history. They fought a great world war. They suffered through a cold war in which the soviets like to joke to their counterparts the future is certain. The past is unpredictable. Alans generation advanced our civil rights, and quietly instill the virtues of selfsacrifice in my generation. Those who are still what is that even learned the vocabulary of their grandchildren beard they have learned words like email skype, text, tweet twitter iphone, ipad, itunes, itouch. But im confident alan larks generation has conquered these new devices in vocabulary much the same way they fought against the axis powers in world war ii another testament to their adaptability. Their new motto would be we would text among the beaches and tweak them on the seas. Tweet them on the seas. This afternoon and remembering that generation, fighting the war that defined them, and to those that preserve our freedom, we wish to argue. If you are veteran or the spouse of a veteran, would you stand and be recognized . [applause]